Deep Neural Network Based Detection and Segmentation of Ships for Maritime Surveillance

In recent years,computer visionfinds wide applications in maritime surveillance with its sophisticated algorithms and advanced architecture.Auto-matic ship detection with computer vision techniques provide an efficient means to monitor as well as track ships in water bodies.Waterways being an important medium of transport require continuous monitoring for protection of national security.The remote sensing satellite images of ships in harbours and water bodies are the image data that aid the neural network models to localize ships and to facilitate early identification of possible threats at sea.This paper proposes a deep learning based model capable enough to classify between ships and no-ships as well as to localize ships in the original images using bounding box tech-nique.Furthermore,classified ships are again segmented with deep learning based auto-encoder model.The proposed model,in terms of classification,provides suc-cessful results generating 99.5%and 99.2%validation and training accuracy respectively.The auto-encoder model also produces 85.1%and 84.2%validation and training accuracies.Moreover the IoU metric of the segmented images is found to be of 0.77 value.The experimental results reveal that the model is accu-rate and can be implemented for automatic ship detection in water bodies consid-ering remote sensing satellite images as input to the computer vision system.

Energy-Efficient Implementation of BCD to Excess-3 Code Converter for Nano-Communication Using QCA Technology

Code converters are essential in digital nano communication;therefore,a low-complexity optimal QCA layout for a BCD to Excess-3 code converter has been proposed in this paper.A QCA clockphase-based design technique was adopted to investigate integration with other complicated circuits.Using a unique XOR gate,the recommended circuit’s cell complexity has been decreased.The findings produced using the QCADesigner-2.0.3,a reliable simulation tool,prove the effectiveness of the current structure over earlier designs by considering the number of cells deployed,the area occupied,and the latency as design metrics.In addition,the popular tool QCAPro was used to estimate the energy dissipation of the proposed design.The proposed technique reduces the occupied space by∼40%,improves cell complexity by∼20%,and reduces energy dissipation by∼1.8 times(atγ=1.5EK)compared to the current scalable designs.This paper also studied the suggested structure’s energy dissipation and compared it to existing works for a better performance evaluation.

Design and Energy Estimation of QCA Based Simple Data Path Selector Cum Router Unit for Nano Communication

Quantum dot cellular automata(QCA)is promising nanotechnology due to the three main advantages:faster speed,nanoscale size,and ultrasmall power consumption.This paper proposed a simple data path selector cum router as the‘multiplexerchannel-demultiplexer’unit using QCA,an unavoidable building block of nano communication.A Simple 2×2 block and the extended 4×4 block of data path selectors have been proposed in this article.The layouts of the proposed designs have been verified in QCADesigner,and the energy dissipation has been evaluated using two tools,QCAPro and QCQDesigner-E(QDE).The suggested designs reached a significant improvement in cell complexity(cell count)and covered area over the existing designs.In precise,the proposed 2×2(4×4)block shows 86%(63%)lower cell complexity and 87%(37%)smaller area than the prior reported similar designs.In addition,the currently reported 2×2(4×4)unit has 86%(60%)lower QDE based energy dissipation compared with prior reported designs.

A rational preparation strategy of phase tuned MoO_(3) nanostructures for high-performance all-solid asymmetric supercapacitor

In this work,phase and morphology-tuned MoO_(3) nanostructures are synthesized through a novel modified co-precipitation method,and their electrochemical properties are investigated.For the first time,such a simple surfactant-assisted synthesis process aided by minor temperature variations is reported which results in phase transition of the nanoparticles from h-MoO_(3) nano-rods to a-MoO_(3) nano-flakes.The nanostructures thus developed are highly porous and crystalline with significantly large specific surface area as compared to previous literature.The theoretical bandgap energy of the optimized sample calculated using Perdew-Zunger local density approximation(LDA) is in good agreement with the experimental findings.An overall structural,morphological,and surface-behavioural analysis predicts the electrochemical superiority in 2D a-MoO_(3).The cyclic voltammetry and galvano-potentiometry measurements of 2D a-MoO_(3) in the potential window of-0.6 V to +0.2 V present the highest pseudosupercapacitive response with a maximum specific capacitance of 829 F g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)as compared to h-MoO_(3) (452 F g^(-1)) and h@a-MoO_(3) (783 F g^(-1)).Thus,the MoO_(3) 2D nanostructures synthesized through our novel synthesis technique display excellent specific capacitance as compared to previous reported data.Additionally,a-MoO_(3) exhibits a galvanostatic charging-discharging cyclic stability of about 91%after 2000 cycles,indicating that it can serve as an excellent electrode material for supercapacitors.A solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device is successfully constructed using a-MoO_(3) which can light up 4 red LEDs for 10 s.The specific energy density of the device reaches a maximum value of 36.3 W h kg^(-1)at the power density of 50 W kg^(-1).

Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Hydrogenated Diamond Like Carbon and Protein Immobilization onto It: Characterization and Study of Practical Utility

In the last few years, Graphene oxide material and biomolecules studies have increased. The various synthesis methods of graphene oxide are constantly pursued to improve and provide safer and more effective alternatives. Though the preparation of graphene oxide from Graphite powder or Graphite flake through Hummers method is one of the oldest techniques but still now it is one of the most suitable methods. Here, Graphene Oxide has been prepared from a tunable material Hydrogenated diamond like carbon (HDLC) which is an atomically smooth surface that can be deposited on high-surface area Silicon (100) wafer plate. The HDLC film was heated at a fixed temperature of 900°C for 30 min in high vacuum ~1 × 10−6 torr and oxygenated at room temperature. A synthetic sequence is described involving Oxidation of annealed HDLC (A-HDLC). Raman measurements confirm the G and D peak by Oxidation of A-HDLC and FTIR confirms functional groups. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images describe the surface of A-HDLC, Oxidized Graphene and BSA immobilized GO. This GO onto Silicon substrate offers many technical advantages than as oxidized graphene Synthesis from other Chemical methods.

A Compact Quad-Band Sickle-Shaped Monopole Antenna for GSM 900/WiMax/WLAN Applications

In this paper a novel,compact,microstrip-fed,quad-band monopole antenna is presented for the application of Global System for Mobile communication(GSM 900),Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX)and Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN).The proposed antenna comprises of a sickle-shaped structure with four circular arc strips,and a modified rectangular ground plane.The four strips of the antenna are independently responsible for the four different resonant frequencies of the operating bands and can be tuned separately to control the radiation performance.The proposed quad-band antenna is designed to resonate at 940 MHz for GSM 900,2.5 and 3.5 GHz for WiMAX and 5.85 GHz for WLAN applications.At the four intended operating bands,the antenna exhibits impedance bandwidth of 60 MHz(905–965MHz),80 MHz(2.45–2.53 GHz),110 MHz(3.48–3.59 GHz)and 2.39 GHz(4.82–7.21 GHz),respectively.At the resonance frequency of the four bands,the gain of the proposed antenna is obtained as 4.2,2.5,1.7 and 1.9 dBi,respectively.A prototype of the designed antenna is fabricated and a good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed.Furthermore,the proposed antenna shows good radiation characteristics and gains at all the four operating bands.