Disturbances in acid-base balance leading to the development of hypertension are currently gaining increased attention among researchers. Perturb acid-base balance characterized by metabolic acidosis has been demonstr...Disturbances in acid-base balance leading to the development of hypertension are currently gaining increased attention among researchers. Perturb acid-base balance characterized by metabolic acidosis has been demonstrated in hypertensive animals and humans. Research suggests that acid-base changes are not only the consequences of elevated blood pressure but can precede the development of hypertension. However, no exact mechanism has been identified to link acid-base imbalance with alterations in blood pressure. The kidney proximal tubule is the major site for maintaining normal bicarbonate concentrations which is an important component of acid-base balance. Acid-base transporter proteins in the renal proximal tubule such as Na+/HCO-3?cotransporters, Na+/H+ exchangers, and anion-exchangers play important roles in controlling acid secretion, ammonia production and bicarbonate reabsorption for maintaining acid-base balance. It is well known that sodium retention in the renal tubules leads to increase in blood volume and consequently increases in blood pressure. Therefore, it is the purpose of this review to discuss the role of sodium-coupled acid-base transporters in regulating proximal tubular sodium retention and controlling blood pressure homeostasis. We will also focus on the capacity of local mediators;angiotensin II, cortisol, prosta-glandin and aldosterone, to regulate acid-base and blood pressure homeostasis.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases have multifaceted nature because of the different factors contributing to their progression. The complex nature of neur...Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases have multifaceted nature because of the different factors contributing to their progression. The complex nature of neurodegenerative diseases has developed a pressing need to design multitarget-directed ligands to address the complementary pathways involved in these diseases. The major enzyme targets for development of therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease are cholinesterase and β-secretase enzymes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in profiling single target inhibitors based on these enzymes to multitarget-directed ligands as potential therapeutics for this devastating disease. In addition, therapeutics based on iron chelation strategy are discussed as well.展开更多
Androgen receptor(AR)signaling have been frequently targeted for treating prostate cancer(PCa).Even though primarily patients receive a good therapeutic outcome by targeting AR signaling axis,eventually it emerges res...Androgen receptor(AR)signaling have been frequently targeted for treating prostate cancer(PCa).Even though primarily patients receive a good therapeutic outcome by targeting AR signaling axis,eventually it emerges resistance by altering the genetic makeup of prostate cells.However,to develop an effective therapeutic regime,it is essential to recognize key genetic alterations in PCa.The most common genetic alterations that give rise to distinct androgen different differentiation states are gene fusion of TMPRSS2 with ETS family genes,deletion,or mutation of tumor suppressor PTEN and TP53 gene,amplification or splicing of AR,altered DNA repair genes.In this review,we describe key genes and genetic changes that have been recognized to contribute to altered prostate environment.展开更多
From the presentation of gray baby syndrome with chloramphenicol use to gasping baby syndrome with exposure from benzyl alcohol in bacteriostatic flushes,historical clinical precedence has shown that babies cared for ...From the presentation of gray baby syndrome with chloramphenicol use to gasping baby syndrome with exposure from benzyl alcohol in bacteriostatic flushes,historical clinical precedence has shown that babies cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)are at higher risk of adverse effects from medication administration than other populations[1,2].Historical precedence led to a discussion amongst the multi-disciplinary team questioning whether medications are used excessively in the NICU.A recent review paper by Hsieh et al.[3]has elaborated on this question in detail,in which a downward trend in the use of certain medications was shown.展开更多
文摘Disturbances in acid-base balance leading to the development of hypertension are currently gaining increased attention among researchers. Perturb acid-base balance characterized by metabolic acidosis has been demonstrated in hypertensive animals and humans. Research suggests that acid-base changes are not only the consequences of elevated blood pressure but can precede the development of hypertension. However, no exact mechanism has been identified to link acid-base imbalance with alterations in blood pressure. The kidney proximal tubule is the major site for maintaining normal bicarbonate concentrations which is an important component of acid-base balance. Acid-base transporter proteins in the renal proximal tubule such as Na+/HCO-3?cotransporters, Na+/H+ exchangers, and anion-exchangers play important roles in controlling acid secretion, ammonia production and bicarbonate reabsorption for maintaining acid-base balance. It is well known that sodium retention in the renal tubules leads to increase in blood volume and consequently increases in blood pressure. Therefore, it is the purpose of this review to discuss the role of sodium-coupled acid-base transporters in regulating proximal tubular sodium retention and controlling blood pressure homeostasis. We will also focus on the capacity of local mediators;angiotensin II, cortisol, prosta-glandin and aldosterone, to regulate acid-base and blood pressure homeostasis.
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases have multifaceted nature because of the different factors contributing to their progression. The complex nature of neurodegenerative diseases has developed a pressing need to design multitarget-directed ligands to address the complementary pathways involved in these diseases. The major enzyme targets for development of therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease are cholinesterase and β-secretase enzymes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in profiling single target inhibitors based on these enzymes to multitarget-directed ligands as potential therapeutics for this devastating disease. In addition, therapeutics based on iron chelation strategy are discussed as well.
文摘Androgen receptor(AR)signaling have been frequently targeted for treating prostate cancer(PCa).Even though primarily patients receive a good therapeutic outcome by targeting AR signaling axis,eventually it emerges resistance by altering the genetic makeup of prostate cells.However,to develop an effective therapeutic regime,it is essential to recognize key genetic alterations in PCa.The most common genetic alterations that give rise to distinct androgen different differentiation states are gene fusion of TMPRSS2 with ETS family genes,deletion,or mutation of tumor suppressor PTEN and TP53 gene,amplification or splicing of AR,altered DNA repair genes.In this review,we describe key genes and genetic changes that have been recognized to contribute to altered prostate environment.
文摘From the presentation of gray baby syndrome with chloramphenicol use to gasping baby syndrome with exposure from benzyl alcohol in bacteriostatic flushes,historical clinical precedence has shown that babies cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)are at higher risk of adverse effects from medication administration than other populations[1,2].Historical precedence led to a discussion amongst the multi-disciplinary team questioning whether medications are used excessively in the NICU.A recent review paper by Hsieh et al.[3]has elaborated on this question in detail,in which a downward trend in the use of certain medications was shown.
