When Conscious Consumerism Backfires:A Critical Study on Social Exclusion,Partnerships,and White Saviorism

Purpose:What factors influence conscious consumerism,especially related to race and gender identities?This scholarship explores three white women-led social responsibility organizations’(SROs)aspirations to encourage conscious consumerism as well as factors that influence conscious consumerism.Design/methodology/approach:Using the Black feminist thought and sustainability development theory,the data were analyzed using a thematic analysis to explore the activation of the white savior industrial complex(WSIC)in SROs.Interviews provided in-depth knowledge of the SRO culture including,but not limited to,insight on social exclusion and partnerships.Findings:Noonday Collection,Sseko Designs,and Trades of Hope,all SROs,aspire to be dedicated to people,planet,and profit and encourage conscious consumerism as a means for their customer base and sales consultants to“do their part”,and yet,an unintended consequence of the SROs’work is social exclusion and white saviorism.Originality:This scholarship investigates what can be done to dismantle the overreliance of conscious consumerism in an effort to finally strip white saviorism,and its role in the white savior industrial complex(WSIC),of its power.

Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China.The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw,in the most and least polluted sites,respectively.The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective.Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC23) n-alkanes,suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source.The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs,such as naphthalene,fluorene,phenanthrene,fluoranthene and pyrene,by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings.Accumulation of the metals Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Hg,and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability,ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw.Among the 7 detected metals,Zn,Cd,Cu,and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R.philippinarum.In general,a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals.Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons,and low to moderate contamination with metals,currently exists for clam R.philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay,in comparison with other regional studies.A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R.philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.

Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of China’s marginal seas

This study investigates the distribution of black carbon (BC) and its correlation with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ΣPAH) in the surface sediments of China’s marginal seas. BC content ranges from <0.10 to 2.45 mg/g dw (grams dry weight) in the sediments studied, and varied among the different coastal regions. The Bohai Bay sediments had the highest BC contents (average 2.18 mg/g dw), which comprises a significant fraction (27%–41%) of the total organic carbon (TOC) preserved in the sediments. In comparison, BC in the surface sediments of the North Yellow Sea, Jiaozhou Bay, East China Sea and the South China Sea is less abundant and accounted for an average of 6%, 8%, 14% and 5%, respectively, of the sedimentary organic carbon pool. The concentration of ΣPAH in the surface sediments ranges from 41 to 3 667 ng/g dw and showed large spatial variations among the sampling sites of different costal regions. The Bohai Bay has the highest ΣPAH values, ranging from 79 to 3 667 ng/g dw. This reflects the high anthropogenically contaminated nature of the sediments in the bay. BC is positively correlated to TOC but a strong correlation is not found between BC and ΣPAH in the surface sediments studied, suggesting that BC and PAHs preserved in the sediments are derived from different sources and controlled by different biogeochemical processes. Our study suggests that the abundance of BC preserved in the sediments could represent a significant sink pool of carbon cycling in China’s marginal seas.

Late Quaternary sedimentary environmental evolution offshore of the Hangzhou Bay,East China——implications for sea level change and formation of Changjiang alongshore current

这研究集中于 Hangzhou 海湾近海的沉积环境变化，华东，自从晚第四级。AMS < 啜 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 14 从核心 CJK10，岩性学，有孔虫类的分发，重矿物质，和 S 和 Cl 元素的 C 年龄在 23.211.0 cal ka BP 期间显示出河的平台环境；一对潮汐公寓的环境沿岸在 11.010.2 cal ka BP 期间；并且有相对低的沉积的浅海洋的环境自从 4.3 cal ka BP，评估 0.10.22 cm/a。高 depositional 从 10.9 ～ 10.2 cal ka BP 评估 1.6 cm/a 源于快速的海水平上升从 44 创造的足够的住所空间 m 到 33 m 从本地河边的高沉积交货，并且由潮汐公寓的植被的沉积的有效套住。海水平上升的率是可变的；自从 10.6 cal ka BP 1.2 cm/a 相对从 10.9 ～ 10.6 cal ka BP 2.1 cm/a 高、更低。Changjiang 沿著岸水流穿过 Hangzhou 海湾比 9.4 cal ka BP 晚在华东海的内部架上形成泥楔。CJK10 地点从近似 9.4-9.2 cal ka BP 是潮主导的架环境和富有经验的侵蚀到 4.3 cal ka BP。depositional 中断被 Changjiang 沿著岸水流引起，它在 9.4-7.5 cal ka BP 期间是相对弱的并且在 7.5-4 cal ka BP 期间在力量增加了。从 4.3 cal ka BP，来自 Changjiang 河的大量沉积部分在 Hangzhou 海湾的大陆人架上被扔，一些搬运了向南方。因此，这研究澄清导出 Changjiang 的沉积疏开和免职的历史，尽管在自从 4.3 cal ka BP 当前的 Changjiang 沿著岸的变化的一个详细记录是困难的因为证据的缺乏，获得。

Examining perception of job satisfaction and intention to leave among ICU nurses in China

Objectives:Previous studies in China's Mainland found ICU nurses to be less satisfied with their jobs and more inclined to leave them than are nurses in other hospital units.We aimed to determine ICU nurses'perspectives on the factors that influence job satisfaction and whether or not to continue working in the ICU.Methods:Nine ICU nurses were asked five open-ended questions to elicit the nurses'perspectives on job satisfaction and intentions to leave.Data were analyzed according to the process described by Knafl and Webster(1988).Core concepts were identified using the constant comparative method.Results:Two themes emerged as major influences on job dissatisfaction:1)stress experienced from excessive workload demands and the ICU work environment,and 2)a lack of respect and recognition for the nurses'work.Two themes emerged as major influences on job satisfaction:1)recognition of work,and 2)professional opportunities and relationships with coworkers.The effects of job satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the nurses'intentions to leave their jobs varied,although three categories were identified.Conclusions:For ICU nurses in China,sources of job dissatisfaction are potentially remedied with simple interventions.Adequate staffing is necessary but not sufficient for a positive work environment.Administrators should address the factors that directly affect their nurses'levels of job satisfaction,as it will ultimately result in less staff turnover and greater patient care.

A handy review of carpal tunnel syndrome:From anatomy to diagnosis and treatment

Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) is the most commonly diagnosed disabling condition of the upper extremities. It is the most commonly known and prevalent type of peripheral entrapment neuropathy that accounts for about 90% of all entrapment neuropathies. This review aims to provide an outline of CTS by considering anat-omy, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic modalities and management of this common condition, with an emphasis on the diagnostic imaging evaluation.

Ankylosing spondylitis: A state of the art factual backbone

Ankylosing spondylitis(AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1% of the general population. As one of the most severe types of spondyloarthropathy, AS affects the spinal vertebrae and sacroiliac joints, causing debilitating pain and loss of mobility. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of AS, from the pathophysiological changes that occur as the disease progresses, to genetic factors that are involved with its onset. Considering the high prevalence in the population, and the debilitating life changes that occur as a result of the disease, a strong emphasis is placed on the diagnostic imaging methods that are used to detect this condition, as well as several treatment methods that could improve the health of individuals diagnosed with AS.

Development and Validation of a Simplified Chinese Version of the Assessment Tool for Students' Perceptions of Medical Professionalism

Professionalism is crucial in all professions and is particularly important in the medical field.Measuring students' perceptions of professionalism can help to form education targeting the enhancement of professionalism.This study aimed to validate an effective assessment tool for the measurement of medical students5 perceptions of medical professionalism in China's Mainland.The cross-sectional survey was conducted in three medical colleges in Guangdong,China.Of the 2103 eligible medical students,1976 responded,and 1856 questionnaires were deemed valid.Students from clinical medicine in these three medical colleges were randomly selected by cluster sampling.First,a Simplified Chinese Version questionnaire to measure Student's Perception of Medical Professionalism (SCV-SPMP) was constructed.Second,questionnaires from 1856 students majoring in clinical medicine at three medical colleges were included in the analysis.Third,exploratory factor analysis,Cronbach's alpha,item-subscale correlation,and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to test the validity and reliability of the SCV-SPMP.Nine items were eliminated following exploratory factor analysis,and four subscales were extracted from the analysis.All internal consistency reliability exceeded the minimum standard.The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.94,and four subscales' alphas were 0.82 (Accountability and excellence),0.81 (Duty),0.89 (Honor and integrity),and 0.85 (Practice habits and respect for others),respectively.The model fit was good.The convergent validity and discriminant validity were acceptable.The modified SCVSPMP was found to be a valid and reliable tool to capture the main features of Chinese students' perceptions of medical professionalism in four dimensions,and it provides a quantitative method for the measurement of the students' perceptions in China's Mainland..

Intrusions of Kuroshio and Shelf Waters on Northern Slope of South China Sea in Summer 2015

The northern slope region of the South China Sea(SCS) is a biological hot spot characterized by high primary productivity and biomasses transported by cross-shelf currents, which support the spawning and growth of commercially and ecologically important fish species. To understand the physical and biogeochemical processes that promote the high primary production of this region, we conducted a cruise from June 10 and July 2, 2015. In this study, we used fuzzy cluster analysis and optimum multiparameter analysis methods to analyze the hydrographic data collected during the cruise to determine the compositions of the upper 55-m water masses on the SCS northern slope and thereby elucidate the cross-slope transport of shelf water(SHW) and the intrusions of Kuroshio water(KW). We also analyzed the geostrophic currents derived from acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements and satellite data. The results reveal the surface waters on the northern slope of the SCS to be primarily composed of waters originating from South China Sea water(SCSW), KW, and SHW. The SCSW dominated a majority of the study region at percentages ranging between 60% and 100%. We found a strong cross-slope current with speeds greater than 50 cms^(-1) to have carried SHW into and through the surveyed slope area, and KW to have intruded onto the slope via mesoscale eddies, thereby dominating the southwestern section of the study area.

Modeling regional landslide susceptibility using dynamic soil moisture profiles

A landslide susceptibility mapping study was performed using dynamic hillslope hydrology. The modified infinite slope stability model that directly includes vadose zone soil moisture(SM) was applied at Cleveland Corral, California, US and Krishnabhir, Dhading, Nepal. The variable infiltration capacity(VIC-3L) model simulated vadose zone soil moisture and the wetness index hydrologic model simulated groundwater(GW). The GW model predictions had a 75% NASH-Sutcliffe efficiency when compared to California's in-situ GW measurements. The model performed best during the wet season. Using predicted GW and VIC-3L vadose zone SM, the developed landslide susceptibility maps showed very good agreement with mapped landslides at each study region. Previous quasi-dynamic model predictions of Nepal's hazardous areas during extreme rainfall events were enhanced to improve the spatial characterization and provide the timing of hazardous conditions.

Photokilling of waterborne-resistant pathogenic bacteria using cobalt-doped zinc oxide doped on reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles

This study is aimed at the chemical synthesis of light-activated cobalt-doped zinc oxide and its further doping on reduced graphene oxide(RGO)and assessment of its antibacterial activity on antibiotic-resistant waterborne pathogens including Enterococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumonia,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized via UV–vis spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of nanoparticles portrayed a significant killing of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.The synthesized nanoparticles were further found as active killers of bacteria in drinking water.Further,these nanoparticles were found photothermally active alongside ROS generators.The photokilling activity makes them ideal replacement candidates for traditional water filters.

Decomposition of algal lipids in clay-enriched marine sediment under oxic and anoxic conditions

A series of laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to examine the decomposition of algal organic matter in clay-enriched marine sediment under oxic and anoxic conditions.During the 245-day incubation period,changes in the concentrations of TOC,major algal fatty acid components (14:0,16:0,16:1,18:1 and 20:5),and n-alkanes (C16-C23) were quantified in the samples.Our results indicate that the organic matters were degraded more rapidly in oxic than anoxic conditions.Adsorption of fatty acids onto clay minerals was a rapid and reversible process.Using a simple G model,we calculated the decomposition rate constants for TOC,n-alkanes and fatty acids which ranged from 0.017-0.024 d-1,0.049-0.103 d-1 and 0.011 to 0.069 d-1,respectively.Algal organic matter degraded in two stages characterized by a fast and a slow degradation processes.The addition of clay minerals montmorillonite and kaolinite to the sediments showed significant influence affecting the decomposition processes of algal TOC and fatty acids by adsorption and incorporation of the compounds with clay particles.Adsorption/association of fatty acids by clay minerals was rapid but appeared to be a slow reversible process.In addition to the sediment redox and clay influence,the structure of the compounds also played important roles in affecting their degradation dynamic in sediments.

In situ measurement of ECM rheology and microheterogeneity in embedded and overlaid 3D pancreatic tumor stroma co-cultures via passive particle tracking

Tumor growth is regulated by a diverse set of extraellular infuences,including paracrine crosstalk with stromal partners,and biophysical interactions with surrounding cells and tissues.Studies elucidating the role of physical force and the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix(ECM)itself as regulators of tumor growth and invasion have been greatly catalyzed by the use of in ritro three-dimensional(3D)tumor models.These systems provide the ability to systematically isolate,manipulate,and evaluate impact of stromal components and extracellular mechanics in a platform that is both conducive to imaging and biologically relevant.However,recognizing that mechanoregulatory crosstalk is bi-directional and fully utilizing these models requires complementary methods for in situ measurements of the local mechanical environment.Here,in 3D tumor/fbroblast co-culture models of pancreatic canocer,a discase characterized by its prominent stromal involvement,we evaluate the use of particle-tracking microrhoology to probe dynamic mechanical changes.Using videos of fuorescently labeled polystyrene micro-spheres embedded in ollagen I ECM,we measure spatiotemporal changes in the Brownian motion of probes to report local ECM shear modulus and microheterogeneity.This approach reveals st ffening of collagen in fibroblast co-cultures relative to cultures with cancer cells only,which exhibit degraded ECM with heterogeneous microstructure.We further show that these effects are dependent on culture geometry with contrast ing behavior for embedded and overlay cultures.In addition to potential application to screening stroma targeted therapeutics,this work also provides insight into how the compoition and plating geometry impact the mechanical propertios of 3D cell cultures that are increasingly widey used in cancer biology.

Effect of Transient Acid Spikes on Developmental Stages of <i>Lepomis</i>Fishes

The effects of transient acid spikes on development of Lepomis sunfish were studied by combining field work with laboratory studies. Lepomis sunfish eggs were collected from rocks on nests in two freshwater ponds and tested for their resistance to laboratory induced transient acid spikes. Fertilized eggs on rocks within the same nest were used for each pH transient experiment. Egg masses on one rock from the nest were used as a control while egg masses on another rock were exposed to transient acid spikes. Various stages of development showed different responses to the acidic effects. The major stages studied were fertilized egg, hatched with attached yolk sac, and free swimming with gills. The acid sensitivity followed development stages with the most acid sensitive stage being free swimming with gills. This fieldwork-laboratory data chain supports earlier field studies, providing the final link in an evidentiary chain showing the effects of transient acid spikes on Lepomis hatching profiles in freshwater ponds.

Organic carbon content and carbon isotope variations across the Permo-Triassic boundary in the Gartnerkofel-1borehole, Carnic Alps, Austria

The Gartnerkofel borehole is one of the most thoroughly studied and described Permo-Triassic sections in the world. Detailed bulk organic carbon isotope studies show a negative base shift from-24% to-28% in the Latest Permian which latter value persists into the Earliest Triassic after which it decreases slightly to-26%. Two strongly negative peaks of [-38% in the Latest Permian and a lesser peak of-31% in the Early Triassic are too negative to be due to a greater proportion of more negative organic matter and must be due to very negative methane effects. The overall change to more negative values across the Bulla/Tesero boundary fits the relative rise in sea level for this transition based on the facies changes. A positive shift in organic carbon isotope values at the Late Permian Event Horizon may be due to an increase in land-derived organic detritus at this level—a feature shown by allTethyan Permo-Triassic boundary sections though these other sections do not have the same values. Carbonate carbon isotope trends are similar in all sections dropping by2–3 units across the Permo-Triassic boundary. Gartnerkofel carbonate oxygen values are surprisingly, considering the ubiquitous dolomitization, compatible with values elsewhere and indicate reasonable tropical temperatures of 60 °C in the Latest Permian sabkhas to 20–40 °C in the overlying marine transition beds. Increased landderived input at the Late Permian Event Horizon may be due to offshore transport by tsunamis whose deposits have been recognized in India at this level.

Assessing the Intensity of Dog Walking and Impact on Overall Physical Activity: A Pilot Study Using Accelerometry

Introduction: Despite a growing body of research indicating that dog walking contributes to meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines, this literature is limited by the use of self-report measures of dog walking and overall PA. The objectives of this pilot study were to objectively assess dog walking with accelerometry, characterize the frequency, duration, and intensity of dog walking, and determine the contribution of dog walking to overall moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Methods: Sixty-five dog owners wore an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer for up to 7 consecutive days and recorded start/end times for dog walks with daily log sheets. Each minute with an activity count ≥ 760 was classified as MVPA. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize all variables. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between dog walking MVPA bouts and meeting PA guidelines, controlling for age, education, income, and gender. Results: Participants walked their dog an average of 1.2 ± 1.1 times/day, averaged 28.0 ± 15.6 minutes/walk, and accumulated 22.9 ± 17.5 minutes of MVPA/day during dog walks, of which 21.7 ± 17.9 minutes were accumulated in bouts ≥10 minutes. Seventy-eight percent of dog walking was classified as moderate-intensity and 3.5% was vigorous. Dog walking MVPA had a statistically significant positive association with meeting PA guidelines (OR = 2.32;95% CI = 1.06, 5.08). Conclusions: The majority of dog walking minutes were moderate-intensity and most minutes of MVPA during dog walking occurred in bouts. These findings suggest that dog walking is consistent with current PA guidelines for adults and should receive more consideration as a PA promotion strategy.

学校学业乐观:提升学生学业成就的合力

学校学业乐观是教师群体对教与学的积极信念与态度及由此形成的良好学校氛围,由注重学业成就、教师集体效能感以及教师对家长和学生的信任这三个协同作用的成分构成。与社会经济地位、学生先前的学习成就等因素相比,学校学业乐观更能稳定而显著地预测学生的学业成就。学校学业乐观概念的提出及结构成分的确立源自积极心理学、学校组织行为学、教育心理学等多学科的理论与实证研究的支持。

长江入海泥沙的变化趋势与上海滩涂资源的可持续利用

在分析1950年以来系列监测资料的基础上，对今后20年长江入海泥沙量和口门区5m等深线以浅滩涂的冲淤趋势作了初步估计，结果表明：（1）人类活动巳导致长江入海泥沙通量减少约2／3。大通站输沙率从20世纪60年代后期开始出现趋势性下降，尤其是80年代后期以来输沙率下降加快。1996～2005年的输沙率（2．80亿t／a）比1956～1965年的输沙率（5．04亿t／a）下降了2．04亿t／a，降幅达44％；三峡水库蓄水后的2003～2005年大通站输沙率（1．89亿t／a）比1956～1965年降低63％。（2）滩涂淤涨速率明显下降。河口口门区4大滩涂（崇明东滩、横沙东滩、九段沙和南汇东滩）的合计淤涨速率在1958～1977年、1977～1996年和1996～2004年3个时段分别为19．1、5．1和4．9km^2／a。（3）目前上海5m等深线以上的滩涂面积主要分布在口门4大滩涂，它们分别是崇明东滩（701km^2。）、横沙东滩（464km^2）、九段沙（410km^2）和南汇东滩（462km^2），占总面积的80％。（4）考虑北槽深水航道工程的影响后得出，大通站输沙率（10^8t／a）和口门区4大滩涂淤涨速率（km^2／a）之间的关系为Y=9．51X=29．1，r=0．925。预测表明：2006～2015年和2016～2025年时段大通站平均输沙率估计将分别降至1．5和1．2亿t／a左右。根据上述关系，2006～2015年和2016～2025年时段口门4大滩涂5m．等深线以上面积将分别蚀退148和177km^2，即20年累计损失占现有面积的13．8％。在现有工程条件下，今后20年口门的4大滩涂5m等深线以上的面积累计损失可能为10％左右。因此，作为上海滩涂资源主要来源的长江口门区滩涂淤涨速率在自然条件下随着长江入海泥沙的减少而迅速下降，若无有效的工程保护措施，今后随着长江来沙的进一步降低将出现净的蚀退。采取适当的工程促淤措施，利用高悬沙浓度的有利条件，上海仍可望获得新的滩涂，以实现滩涂资源的可持续利用。

中国目前开展公共政策绩效审计工作的几个难点

阐述公共政策绩效审计的现状,期望提高审计人员的政策素养及专业素养,以适应当前公共政策绩效审计工作的迫切需要。