Medicinal Plant of Sasambo as a Traditional Health Tourism Alternative Post COVID-19

The province of West Nusa Tenggara, which consists of Lombok Island and Sumbawa Island, has a stunning natural panoramic beauty, making it one of the main tourist destinations in Indonesia. The COVID-19 outbreak has had an impact on the sluggishness of the tourism sector. This problem requires a solution. One alternative is to use the medicinal plant Sasambo (Sasak, Samawa, Mbojo) as an alternative to traditional health tourism. Data from community records, results of questionnaire responses, and scientific articles related to Sasambo traditional medicine show that there are various types of Sasambo medicinal plants that have the potential as an alternative to traditional health tourism with details, Lombok (Sasak) 43 species, Sumbawa (Samawa) 25 species, and Bima (Mbojo) 35 species. Some of these plant species are used for the treatment of diseases caused by viruses. The islands of Lombok and Sumbawa have abundant medicinal plants, making the two islands a potential destination for traditional health tourism.

New Method for Isolation of Naringin Compound from <i>Citrus maxima</i>

This research aims to know the proper isolation method to isolate naringin compound from Citrus maxima for natural product chemistry laboratory. This natural product chemistry laboratory provides students with the essential skills and knowledge required to perform the extraction, isolation, and structural identification. The isolation began with sample preparation, extraction with methanol, partition with n-hexane, purification by crystallization using isopropanol, by analyzing the purity with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) tested, and the presence of functional groups with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer test. The result of FT-IR spectrophotometer analysis contains hydroxy group (-OH), aromatic cyclic groups (C=C), CH2, CH3, and ether groups.

Characteristic of Active Compound of <i>Artocarpus odoratissimus</i>

Artocarpus odoratissimus, Terep (Sasak), is traditionally used as a malarian drug. As chemotacsomomy analisys,?A. odoratissimus contains flavonoids. This experiment involves the isolation of flavonoid from A. odoratissimus. Isolation of flavonoid in A. odoratissimus could be performed using methanol as extracting solvent, and gravitational column chromatography was used to isolate flavonoid in pure form the extract. The characteristic of flavonoid from A. odoratissimus could be studied in undergraduate course.

Isolation and Confirmation of Quercetin-3-O-Glycosides from Rubber Cassava Leaves

The core of the natural product chemistry laboratory is isolation secondary metabolites. One of the potential secondary metabolites for isolation in the natural product chemistry laboratory is routine (quercetin-3-O-glycosides). Routine (Quercetin-3-O-glycoside) has been isolated from ethanol extract of rubber cassava leaves (Manihot glaziovii MA). Isolation was done by maceration and recrystallization. The isolation method used in this study is complemented by the isolation method published. The isolated (Quercetin-3-O-glycoside) routine using this method obtained a yield of 0.118% of the total dried leaf extract. The routine (Quercetin-3-O-glycoside) was identified using a standard routine. Routine can be further utilized in the world of medicine as an amplifier of capillary structure, reducing the permeability and fragility of blood vessels.

The Role of Sumbawa Oil in Developing Sumbawa Island as a Destination for Traditional Health Tourism Based on Sasambo Culture

The development of tourism is currently a priority for governments in Indonesia, especially the Sumbawa Island. Tourism begins to glance at other sectors or areas not only about the natural scenery but also begins to extend to traditional health tourism by taking advantage of local culturally based local medicinal plants. Considering in Indonesia, especially the Sumbawa Island have an abundance of medicinal plants. It has been promoted as one of the first steps in promoting tourism. The effort and measures involved the use of Sumbawa Oil that is known to have many medicinal properties and to be popular in the community because it has proved capable of being a cure. Sumbawa oil is one of the superior products of the Sumbawa Island which is produced by local communities by utilizing the surrounding natural resources. This oil is not just a traditional medicine but also a local culture obtained from ancestors. All production processes, from the selection of raw materials to processing are carried out based on knowledge from generation to generation. Some producers even have traditional rituals performed during processing. This traditional ritual is believed to be able to increase the medicinal properties of Sumbawa oil. Sumbawa Oil could be a flagship for by-products and traditional medicated educationers that could boost the desire of tourists to visit the Sumbawa Island.

Mechanisms of inducible resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins in invertebrates

Resistance in insect pests against the endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis （Berliner） （Bt） is a major threat to the usefulness of this biopesticide, both used as traditional formulations and in transgenic crops. A crucial requirement for the development of successful resistance management strategies is a molecular understanding of the nature and inheritance of resistance mechanisms. This information can be used to design management strategies that will delay or counteract Bt resistance. The best known Bt resistance mechanism is inactivation of brush border membrane receptors. This type of resistance has a largely recessive mode of inheritance, which has enabled the design of resistance management approaches involving high dose and refuge strategies. Recent observations suggest that other resistance mechanisms are possible, including a mechanism that sequesters the toxin in the gut lumen through inducible immune reactions. The elevated immune status associated with tolerance to the toxin can be transmitted to subsequent generations by a maternal effect, which has implications for resistance management in the field. The high dose/refuge strategy may not be appropriate for the management of these alternative resistance mechanisms and other strategies have to be developed if inducible dominant resistance or tolerance mechanisms occur frequently in the field.

The Catastrophe of Corruption in the Sustainability of Foreign aid:A Prediction of Artificial Neural Network Method in Indonesia

The rising corruption levels in Indonesia are becoming a cause for concern and raise doubts about their impact on the stability of foreign aid in the country.Therefore,this study aims to predict the long-term viability of foreign aid in Indonesia based on international perceptions of corruption and corruption cases in the country.Data were obtained from World Governance Indicators,the Indonesian Ministry of Finance,and the World Bank,and the study used a backpropagation artificial neural network(ANN)for prediction.The results from ANN are compared to linear models and vector autoregression(VAR).The finding shows that ANN outperforms the other models based on the coefficient of determination and MSE values.Furthermore,it highlights the strong relationship between corruption perception and foreign aid sustainability with an R-value of 0.991.According to the ANN estimation,gratification has a significant impact on foreign aid.In response to this finding,the study recommends the Indonesian government take action to combat corruption in maintaining the international trust and ensuring the stability of foreign aid.