Transformation of greenhouse gas(CO_(2))into valuable chemicals and fuels is a promising route to address the global issues of climate change and the energy crisis.Metal halide perovskite catalysts have shown their po...Transformation of greenhouse gas(CO_(2))into valuable chemicals and fuels is a promising route to address the global issues of climate change and the energy crisis.Metal halide perovskite catalysts have shown their potential in promoting CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),however,their low phase stability has limited their application perspective.Herein,we present a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)wrapped CsPbI_3 perovskite nanocrystal(NC)CO_(2)RR catalyst(CsPbI_3/rGO),demonstrating enhanced stability in the aqueous electrolyte.The CsPbI_3/rGO catalyst exhibited>92%Faradaic efficiency toward formate production at a CO_(2)RR current density of~12.7 mA cm^(-2).Comprehensive characterizations revealed the superior performance of the CsPbI_3/rGO catalyst originated from the synergistic effects between the CsPbI_3 NCs and rGO,i.e.,rGO stabilized theα-CsPbI_3 phase and tuned the charge distribution,thus lowered the energy barrier for the protonation process and the formation of~*HCOO intermediate,which resulted in high CO_(2)RR selectivity toward formate.This work shows a promising strategy to rationally design robust metal halide perovskites for achieving efficient CO_(2)RR toward valuable fuels.展开更多
Background and aims: The causes of relapses of ulcerative colitis (UC) are unk nown. Dietary factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of UC. The aim of this study was to determine which dietary factors are ass...Background and aims: The causes of relapses of ulcerative colitis (UC) are unk nown. Dietary factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of UC. The aim of this study was to determine which dietary factors are associated with an increa sed risk of relapse of UC. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed wit h UC patients in remission, recruited from two district general hospitals, who w ere followed for one year to determine the effect of habitual diet on relapse. R elapse was defined using a validated disease activity index. Nutrient intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and categorised into tertiles. Ad justed odds ratios for relapse were determined using multivariate logistic regre ssion, controlling for non-dietary factors. Results: A total of 191 patients we re recruited and 96%completed the study. Fifty two per cent of patients relapse d. Consumption of meat (odds ratio (OR) 3.2 (95%confidence intervals (CI) 1.3- 7.8)), particularly red and processed meat (OR 5.19 (95%CI 2.1-12.9)), protein (OR 3.00 (95%CI 1.25-7.19)), and alcohol (OR 2.71 (95%CI 1.1-6.67)-) in th e top tertile of intake increased the likelihood of relapse compared with the bo ttom tertile of intake. High sulphur (OR 2.76 (95%CI 1.19-6.4)) or sulphate (OR 2.6 (95%CI 1.08.-6.3)) intakes were also associa ted with relapse and may offer an explanation for the observed increased likelih ood of relapse. Conclusions: Potentially modifiable dietary factors, such as a h igh meat or alcoholic beverage intake, have been identified that are associated with an increased likelihood of relapse for UC patients. Further studies are nee ded to determine if it is the sulphur compounds within these foods that mediates the likelihood of relapse and if reducing their intake would reduce relapse fre quency.展开更多
基金financial support by Australian Research Council(ARC)supported by the generous funding from Science and Engineering faculty,QUT。
文摘Transformation of greenhouse gas(CO_(2))into valuable chemicals and fuels is a promising route to address the global issues of climate change and the energy crisis.Metal halide perovskite catalysts have shown their potential in promoting CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),however,their low phase stability has limited their application perspective.Herein,we present a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)wrapped CsPbI_3 perovskite nanocrystal(NC)CO_(2)RR catalyst(CsPbI_3/rGO),demonstrating enhanced stability in the aqueous electrolyte.The CsPbI_3/rGO catalyst exhibited>92%Faradaic efficiency toward formate production at a CO_(2)RR current density of~12.7 mA cm^(-2).Comprehensive characterizations revealed the superior performance of the CsPbI_3/rGO catalyst originated from the synergistic effects between the CsPbI_3 NCs and rGO,i.e.,rGO stabilized theα-CsPbI_3 phase and tuned the charge distribution,thus lowered the energy barrier for the protonation process and the formation of~*HCOO intermediate,which resulted in high CO_(2)RR selectivity toward formate.This work shows a promising strategy to rationally design robust metal halide perovskites for achieving efficient CO_(2)RR toward valuable fuels.
文摘Background and aims: The causes of relapses of ulcerative colitis (UC) are unk nown. Dietary factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of UC. The aim of this study was to determine which dietary factors are associated with an increa sed risk of relapse of UC. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed wit h UC patients in remission, recruited from two district general hospitals, who w ere followed for one year to determine the effect of habitual diet on relapse. R elapse was defined using a validated disease activity index. Nutrient intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and categorised into tertiles. Ad justed odds ratios for relapse were determined using multivariate logistic regre ssion, controlling for non-dietary factors. Results: A total of 191 patients we re recruited and 96%completed the study. Fifty two per cent of patients relapse d. Consumption of meat (odds ratio (OR) 3.2 (95%confidence intervals (CI) 1.3- 7.8)), particularly red and processed meat (OR 5.19 (95%CI 2.1-12.9)), protein (OR 3.00 (95%CI 1.25-7.19)), and alcohol (OR 2.71 (95%CI 1.1-6.67)-) in th e top tertile of intake increased the likelihood of relapse compared with the bo ttom tertile of intake. High sulphur (OR 2.76 (95%CI 1.19-6.4)) or sulphate (OR 2.6 (95%CI 1.08.-6.3)) intakes were also associa ted with relapse and may offer an explanation for the observed increased likelih ood of relapse. Conclusions: Potentially modifiable dietary factors, such as a h igh meat or alcoholic beverage intake, have been identified that are associated with an increased likelihood of relapse for UC patients. Further studies are nee ded to determine if it is the sulphur compounds within these foods that mediates the likelihood of relapse and if reducing their intake would reduce relapse fre quency.
