Background: Flow FL-100 is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device self-administered by a patient at home in combination with a software application delivered wellbeing behaviour therapy training. tDCS...Background: Flow FL-100 is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device self-administered by a patient at home in combination with a software application delivered wellbeing behaviour therapy training. tDCS has evidence of effectiveness in treating symptoms of depression. Purpose/Aim: This post marketing study evaluated the effect of Flow on depression for primary care general practice patients with depression symptoms. Methods: Open-label patient cohort design with no control group. Inclusion criteria were aged 18 years or over and reporting depression symptoms. Participants self-administered five 30 minute tDCS sessions per week for the first three weeks, and then 3 sessions per week following this. Three, six and ten week assessment with participant self-report measure: Montgomery- Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Results: MADRS-S remission rates were between 29% - 30% at three weeks, 33% - 34% at six-weeks and 50% at 10-weeks treatment. There was a significant improvement in MADRS-S with large effect sizes at all time points. Conclusions: Flow tDCS can be delivered through a primary healthcare general practice service and patients will choose to use. Flow tDCS provides an effective depression treatment in addition and as an alternative to antidepressants and psychotherapy. tDCS has evidence as an effective depression treatment, and the widespread availability of tDCS in primary care general practice should be considered.展开更多
The passage of our Solar System through the spiral arms has been implicated as a contributor to global environmental perturbations.The suggestion of a consistent structure within the arms,informed by density wave theo...The passage of our Solar System through the spiral arms has been implicated as a contributor to global environmental perturbations.The suggestion of a consistent structure within the arms,informed by density wave theory,raises the possibility of repeating patterns of events at each arm crossing.Here we test the hypothesis that the structure of the arms of our galaxy influences the stratigraphic record on Earth.We construct independent structural and temporal models and colbine these to compare the timings of arm tracers,materials from the earliest Solar System and events on Earth,including the largest extinctions.We find that a recurring sequence of events across the four arms emerges with an average arm-passing time of 188 million years.We suggest that the multiple temporal overlaps of events across arms,and their alignment with arm tracers and the earliest Solar System,presents an opportunity for a greater understanding of both Earth-based phenomena and galactic structure.展开更多
Traditionally computer sciences courses will assess software code.It is common and accepted good practice(as in written reports) to reference other sources of appropriate material.However there appears to be no explic...Traditionally computer sciences courses will assess software code.It is common and accepted good practice(as in written reports) to reference other sources of appropriate material.However there appears to be no explicit method,recommendation or advice available to computer science tutors and students on a referencing approach! This paper aims to stimulate discussion from peers involved in software engineering education.By discussing the apparent lack of "referencing within code" advice to students and proposing suggestions for appropriate solutions.This will be based on the authors' experience of assessing code and the current advice given to their students.展开更多
This paper looks at student's view of the usefulness of a problem solving and programming module in the first year of a 3-year undergraduate program.The School of Science and Technology,University of Northampton,U...This paper looks at student's view of the usefulness of a problem solving and programming module in the first year of a 3-year undergraduate program.The School of Science and Technology,University of Northampton,UK has been investigating,over the last seven years the teaching of problem solving.Including looking at whether a more visual approach has any benefits(the visual programming includes both 2-d and graphical user interfaces).Whilst the authors have discussed the subject problem solving and programming in the past [1] this paper considers the students perspective from research collected/collated by a student researcher under a new initiative within the University.All students interviewed either had completed the module within the two years of the survey or were completing the problem-solving module in their first year.展开更多
Digital marketing is considered the preferred method comparing to traditional marketing nowadays [1], but is it true for luxury and expensive products? Since the perception prevails that the concepts “luxury” and “...Digital marketing is considered the preferred method comparing to traditional marketing nowadays [1], but is it true for luxury and expensive products? Since the perception prevails that the concepts “luxury” and “digital” are quite incompatible [2], this paper aims to explore the effectiveness of digital marketing advertisements of luxury retailers, while also exploring consumer’s purchasing intent based on the viewing of such promotions. The overall goal is to provide a model of luxury purchase behaviour through harnessing social media. As a constructionist ontology-based researcher, I believe in multiple versions of reality which can evolve based on my target consumer experiences [3]. My epistemological stance is interpretivism with a subjective approach, inductively interacting with consumers to better understand what this “truth” means to them, incorporating textual material to support the analytical interpretations [4]. It is hoped this paper will inform fashion brands marketers about social media practice to achieve creation of purchase intention and ultimately achieve target sales. The paper is useful to both practitioners and academics in the fields of social media marketing and purchase intention. The research provides some initial insights into consumer perspectives of social media ads and online purchase behaviour.展开更多
This review seeks to describe the use and effects of the drug modafinil. Specifically, it presents the research of the impact of modafinil for people with diagnosis and experience of schizophrenia. Recent reviews have...This review seeks to describe the use and effects of the drug modafinil. Specifically, it presents the research of the impact of modafinil for people with diagnosis and experience of schizophrenia. Recent reviews have shown that modafinil can positively impact on cognitive function in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. There is emerging evidence for the positive impact of modafinil on negative symptoms, functioning, quality of life, wellbeing, and body mass index (BMI) for people with schizophrenia. Compared to other central nerve stimulant (CNS) drugs, modafinil has a low risk of dependency and few negative side effects;but there are risks of triggering positive symptoms in schizophrenia. A well designed and sufficiently large randomised control trial is required to test the potential of the impact of modafinil in the lives of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Future research should report participant’s perspective of the value of modafinil connected to what concerns them and what they want to achieve in their lives.展开更多
From a sustainability perspective, achieving greater efficiencies in environmental waste management is at the heart of current academic discussion on climate change science. Over the last few decades the tourism indus...From a sustainability perspective, achieving greater efficiencies in environmental waste management is at the heart of current academic discussion on climate change science. Over the last few decades the tourism industry has developed exponentially and is now considered one of the most dynamic economic activities worldwide. Solid waste is a commonly identified and ever increasing aspect of tourism;the improper management of which can lead to substantial and irreversible direct and indirect environmental, economic and social impacts. However, the management of solid waste in tourism dominated island communities is particularly problematic due to climatic conditions, topography, financial restraints, planning issues, changing consumption patterns, transient population, and seasonal variations in solid waste quantity and composition. In addition, there is often a lack of momentum to implement new initiatives and programs as stakeholders involved in the design, construction and operation of tourist resorts have conflicts of interest. Using information gathered from key informant interviews, participation observations and literature reviews, this article appraises current waste management practices in four European tourist destinations, namely: Mallorca, Tenerife, Kefalonia and Rhodes. Findings indicate that, although there are signs of compliance with global best practice, a variety of locally-based measures need to be implemented to enhance sustainability.展开更多
Background Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease,which affects different parts of a human body,mainly lungs and can lead to the patient’s death.The aim of this study is to investigate the global prevalence o...Background Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease,which affects different parts of a human body,mainly lungs and can lead to the patient’s death.The aim of this study is to investigate the global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis using a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods In this study,the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,ScienceDirect and Google Scholar repositories were systematically searched to find studies reporting the global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis.The search did not entail a lower time limit,and articles published up until August 2022 were considered.Random effects model was used to perform the analysis.The heterogeneity of the studies was examined with the I^(2) test.Data analysis was conducted within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.Results In the review of 148 studies with a sample size of 318,430 people,the I^(2) index showed high heterogeneity(I^(2)=99.6),and accordingly random effects method was used to analyze the results.Publication bias was also examined using the Begg and Mazumdar correlation test which indicated the existence of publication bias in the studies(P=0.008).According to our meta-analysis,the global pooled prevalence of multi-drug resistant TB is 11.6%(95%CI:9.1–14.5%).Conclusions The global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis was found to be very high,thus health authorities should consider ways to control and manage the disease to prevent a wider spread of tuberculosis and potentially subsequent deaths.展开更多
Problem solving is an important skill for a computer scientist.Mindstorm based robots have been used previously,for teaching programming to computing and engineering students here we look at problem solving.These appr...Problem solving is an important skill for a computer scientist.Mindstorm based robots have been used previously,for teaching programming to computing and engineering students here we look at problem solving.These approaches focus upon the development of problem solving skills and not on learning a new programming language from the outset.Therefore,initially,any programming is kept simple with the minimum of commands,with 'objects' unknowingly used,as these are later introduced/learnt during the programming stage of the computing module.This work suggests that using LEGO robots within the teaching of problem solving and the resulting java GUI emulation has some benefits for the students when learning to program.展开更多
Organizational culture can be defined as the intermixture between values, visions, language, behaviors and beliefs that shape an entity’s unique operating environment. Although the personality of a business may be di...Organizational culture can be defined as the intermixture between values, visions, language, behaviors and beliefs that shape an entity’s unique operating environment. Although the personality of a business may be difficult to articulate, it can have a huge impact on how members of an organization deal with each other, customers and other stakeholders. A good organizational structure facilitates attainment of objectives through proper coordination of all activities. Recently, practitioners and academics aim to identify type of culture before starting a project. Accepting and conducting research is a project by itself, in which, many organizations have a flexible appetite to conduct research to help their objectives. This paper demonstrates the identification of appropriate frameworks to prepare an audit of the organizational culture towards research informed decision-making and management, which means that the paper will analyze definitions of what research means before conducting the organizational research-culture audit to understand the research appetite of the organization.展开更多
Corrosion degradation is detrimental to metal structures as it shortens their lifetime and leads to huge economic losses and unexpected disasters.Therefore,the detection and monitoring of corrosion degradation is of g...Corrosion degradation is detrimental to metal structures as it shortens their lifetime and leads to huge economic losses and unexpected disasters.Therefore,the detection and monitoring of corrosion degradation is of great importance.Herein,we briefly review the state-of-the-art electrochemical methods,instrumentation(based on virtual instrumentation),and advanced sensor/probes that are used in the field for the assessment of corrosion damage.Typical corrosion monitoring results,some of which have been obtained at Tianjin University in the past 30 years,for metallic materials and organic coating/metal systems in atmospheric,marine,and soil conditions in the field are presented.Detection methods,data analysis,and theoretical and mathematical models regarding each corrosion system are discussed,and the challenges,problems and possible solutions for each case are suggested.Lastly,future developments,such as wireless,intelligent,and automatic electrochemical measurement,that will augment the present electrochemical methods of evaluating corrosion degradation are summarized.展开更多
In preparing the second edition of‘Tanning Chemistry.The Science of Leather.’,the literature was updated and the content was revised and reviewed.Here,the new findings are presented and discussed.Notable development...In preparing the second edition of‘Tanning Chemistry.The Science of Leather.’,the literature was updated and the content was revised and reviewed.Here,the new findings are presented and discussed.Notable developments include the necessary rethinking of the mechanism of sulfide unhairing because of new understanding of the aqueous chemistry of sulfide species.Revision upwards of the value of the second pKa for sulfide species ionisation means that S2−cannot exist in an aqueous medium,so the unhairing species in hair burn reactions is HS−.Although the technology remains the same,this means the mechanisms of associated reactions such as immunisation must be revised.Rawstock preservation has benefitted from studies of the potential role of materials from plants which accumulate salt,but which also contribute terpene compounds.There is also further discussion on the continuing issue of chromium(Ⅵ)in the leather industry.The application to processing of new solvents,ionic liquids and deep eutectics,is the coming technology,which offers transforming options for new chemistries and products.Renewed interest in vegetable tanning and methods of wet white processing are current trends.Also,within the topic of reagent delivery is processing in a solid medium of plastic beads.展开更多
文摘Background: Flow FL-100 is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device self-administered by a patient at home in combination with a software application delivered wellbeing behaviour therapy training. tDCS has evidence of effectiveness in treating symptoms of depression. Purpose/Aim: This post marketing study evaluated the effect of Flow on depression for primary care general practice patients with depression symptoms. Methods: Open-label patient cohort design with no control group. Inclusion criteria were aged 18 years or over and reporting depression symptoms. Participants self-administered five 30 minute tDCS sessions per week for the first three weeks, and then 3 sessions per week following this. Three, six and ten week assessment with participant self-report measure: Montgomery- Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Results: MADRS-S remission rates were between 29% - 30% at three weeks, 33% - 34% at six-weeks and 50% at 10-weeks treatment. There was a significant improvement in MADRS-S with large effect sizes at all time points. Conclusions: Flow tDCS can be delivered through a primary healthcare general practice service and patients will choose to use. Flow tDCS provides an effective depression treatment in addition and as an alternative to antidepressants and psychotherapy. tDCS has evidence as an effective depression treatment, and the widespread availability of tDCS in primary care general practice should be considered.
文摘The passage of our Solar System through the spiral arms has been implicated as a contributor to global environmental perturbations.The suggestion of a consistent structure within the arms,informed by density wave theory,raises the possibility of repeating patterns of events at each arm crossing.Here we test the hypothesis that the structure of the arms of our galaxy influences the stratigraphic record on Earth.We construct independent structural and temporal models and colbine these to compare the timings of arm tracers,materials from the earliest Solar System and events on Earth,including the largest extinctions.We find that a recurring sequence of events across the four arms emerges with an average arm-passing time of 188 million years.We suggest that the multiple temporal overlaps of events across arms,and their alignment with arm tracers and the earliest Solar System,presents an opportunity for a greater understanding of both Earth-based phenomena and galactic structure.
文摘Traditionally computer sciences courses will assess software code.It is common and accepted good practice(as in written reports) to reference other sources of appropriate material.However there appears to be no explicit method,recommendation or advice available to computer science tutors and students on a referencing approach! This paper aims to stimulate discussion from peers involved in software engineering education.By discussing the apparent lack of "referencing within code" advice to students and proposing suggestions for appropriate solutions.This will be based on the authors' experience of assessing code and the current advice given to their students.
文摘This paper looks at student's view of the usefulness of a problem solving and programming module in the first year of a 3-year undergraduate program.The School of Science and Technology,University of Northampton,UK has been investigating,over the last seven years the teaching of problem solving.Including looking at whether a more visual approach has any benefits(the visual programming includes both 2-d and graphical user interfaces).Whilst the authors have discussed the subject problem solving and programming in the past [1] this paper considers the students perspective from research collected/collated by a student researcher under a new initiative within the University.All students interviewed either had completed the module within the two years of the survey or were completing the problem-solving module in their first year.
文摘Digital marketing is considered the preferred method comparing to traditional marketing nowadays [1], but is it true for luxury and expensive products? Since the perception prevails that the concepts “luxury” and “digital” are quite incompatible [2], this paper aims to explore the effectiveness of digital marketing advertisements of luxury retailers, while also exploring consumer’s purchasing intent based on the viewing of such promotions. The overall goal is to provide a model of luxury purchase behaviour through harnessing social media. As a constructionist ontology-based researcher, I believe in multiple versions of reality which can evolve based on my target consumer experiences [3]. My epistemological stance is interpretivism with a subjective approach, inductively interacting with consumers to better understand what this “truth” means to them, incorporating textual material to support the analytical interpretations [4]. It is hoped this paper will inform fashion brands marketers about social media practice to achieve creation of purchase intention and ultimately achieve target sales. The paper is useful to both practitioners and academics in the fields of social media marketing and purchase intention. The research provides some initial insights into consumer perspectives of social media ads and online purchase behaviour.
文摘This review seeks to describe the use and effects of the drug modafinil. Specifically, it presents the research of the impact of modafinil for people with diagnosis and experience of schizophrenia. Recent reviews have shown that modafinil can positively impact on cognitive function in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. There is emerging evidence for the positive impact of modafinil on negative symptoms, functioning, quality of life, wellbeing, and body mass index (BMI) for people with schizophrenia. Compared to other central nerve stimulant (CNS) drugs, modafinil has a low risk of dependency and few negative side effects;but there are risks of triggering positive symptoms in schizophrenia. A well designed and sufficiently large randomised control trial is required to test the potential of the impact of modafinil in the lives of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Future research should report participant’s perspective of the value of modafinil connected to what concerns them and what they want to achieve in their lives.
文摘From a sustainability perspective, achieving greater efficiencies in environmental waste management is at the heart of current academic discussion on climate change science. Over the last few decades the tourism industry has developed exponentially and is now considered one of the most dynamic economic activities worldwide. Solid waste is a commonly identified and ever increasing aspect of tourism;the improper management of which can lead to substantial and irreversible direct and indirect environmental, economic and social impacts. However, the management of solid waste in tourism dominated island communities is particularly problematic due to climatic conditions, topography, financial restraints, planning issues, changing consumption patterns, transient population, and seasonal variations in solid waste quantity and composition. In addition, there is often a lack of momentum to implement new initiatives and programs as stakeholders involved in the design, construction and operation of tourist resorts have conflicts of interest. Using information gathered from key informant interviews, participation observations and literature reviews, this article appraises current waste management practices in four European tourist destinations, namely: Mallorca, Tenerife, Kefalonia and Rhodes. Findings indicate that, although there are signs of compliance with global best practice, a variety of locally-based measures need to be implemented to enhance sustainability.
基金By Deputy for Research and Technology,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences(IR)(50002460).
文摘Background Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease,which affects different parts of a human body,mainly lungs and can lead to the patient’s death.The aim of this study is to investigate the global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis using a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods In this study,the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,ScienceDirect and Google Scholar repositories were systematically searched to find studies reporting the global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis.The search did not entail a lower time limit,and articles published up until August 2022 were considered.Random effects model was used to perform the analysis.The heterogeneity of the studies was examined with the I^(2) test.Data analysis was conducted within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.Results In the review of 148 studies with a sample size of 318,430 people,the I^(2) index showed high heterogeneity(I^(2)=99.6),and accordingly random effects method was used to analyze the results.Publication bias was also examined using the Begg and Mazumdar correlation test which indicated the existence of publication bias in the studies(P=0.008).According to our meta-analysis,the global pooled prevalence of multi-drug resistant TB is 11.6%(95%CI:9.1–14.5%).Conclusions The global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis was found to be very high,thus health authorities should consider ways to control and manage the disease to prevent a wider spread of tuberculosis and potentially subsequent deaths.
文摘Problem solving is an important skill for a computer scientist.Mindstorm based robots have been used previously,for teaching programming to computing and engineering students here we look at problem solving.These approaches focus upon the development of problem solving skills and not on learning a new programming language from the outset.Therefore,initially,any programming is kept simple with the minimum of commands,with 'objects' unknowingly used,as these are later introduced/learnt during the programming stage of the computing module.This work suggests that using LEGO robots within the teaching of problem solving and the resulting java GUI emulation has some benefits for the students when learning to program.
文摘Organizational culture can be defined as the intermixture between values, visions, language, behaviors and beliefs that shape an entity’s unique operating environment. Although the personality of a business may be difficult to articulate, it can have a huge impact on how members of an organization deal with each other, customers and other stakeholders. A good organizational structure facilitates attainment of objectives through proper coordination of all activities. Recently, practitioners and academics aim to identify type of culture before starting a project. Accepting and conducting research is a project by itself, in which, many organizations have a flexible appetite to conduct research to help their objectives. This paper demonstrates the identification of appropriate frameworks to prepare an audit of the organizational culture towards research informed decision-making and management, which means that the paper will analyze definitions of what research means before conducting the organizational research-culture audit to understand the research appetite of the organization.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52031007,52171077)partial support of his contribution to the work by the University of California at Berkeley。
文摘Corrosion degradation is detrimental to metal structures as it shortens their lifetime and leads to huge economic losses and unexpected disasters.Therefore,the detection and monitoring of corrosion degradation is of great importance.Herein,we briefly review the state-of-the-art electrochemical methods,instrumentation(based on virtual instrumentation),and advanced sensor/probes that are used in the field for the assessment of corrosion damage.Typical corrosion monitoring results,some of which have been obtained at Tianjin University in the past 30 years,for metallic materials and organic coating/metal systems in atmospheric,marine,and soil conditions in the field are presented.Detection methods,data analysis,and theoretical and mathematical models regarding each corrosion system are discussed,and the challenges,problems and possible solutions for each case are suggested.Lastly,future developments,such as wireless,intelligent,and automatic electrochemical measurement,that will augment the present electrochemical methods of evaluating corrosion degradation are summarized.
文摘In preparing the second edition of‘Tanning Chemistry.The Science of Leather.’,the literature was updated and the content was revised and reviewed.Here,the new findings are presented and discussed.Notable developments include the necessary rethinking of the mechanism of sulfide unhairing because of new understanding of the aqueous chemistry of sulfide species.Revision upwards of the value of the second pKa for sulfide species ionisation means that S2−cannot exist in an aqueous medium,so the unhairing species in hair burn reactions is HS−.Although the technology remains the same,this means the mechanisms of associated reactions such as immunisation must be revised.Rawstock preservation has benefitted from studies of the potential role of materials from plants which accumulate salt,but which also contribute terpene compounds.There is also further discussion on the continuing issue of chromium(Ⅵ)in the leather industry.The application to processing of new solvents,ionic liquids and deep eutectics,is the coming technology,which offers transforming options for new chemistries and products.Renewed interest in vegetable tanning and methods of wet white processing are current trends.Also,within the topic of reagent delivery is processing in a solid medium of plastic beads.
