Aerospace product development and manufacturing are key components of the air transport system. At national levels in developed countries, the aerospace industry is considered as a highly strategic sector. A solid nat...Aerospace product development and manufacturing are key components of the air transport system. At national levels in developed countries, the aerospace industry is considered as a highly strategic sector. A solid national aerospace industry is therefore a symbol of strength. Countries are pragmatic： the positive impact of a well-developed transportation network on economic growth is indubitable and civil aircraft production is a key element of this network. Countries may also assert their sovereignty by being recognized players in the defence segment of aerospace. This paper will look at the cases of France and Quebec where local governments have invested significant public funding in poles of competitiveness （in the case of France） and clusters （in the case of Quebec）. While our examination of the France and Quebec aerospace scenes reveals a surprisingly large number of groupings, it does not indicate that all their members, large and small, equally benefit from participating in them. In this thick institutional environment, aerospace clusters and poles of competitiveness may compete against each other and become self-serving rather than representing and promoting their members.展开更多
The Mediterranean Sea is recognized by France as the most important adjacent area and also the gate to Africa,France’s vast sphere of influence beyond the Mediterranean.The political turmoil here since the Arab Sprin...The Mediterranean Sea is recognized by France as the most important adjacent area and also the gate to Africa,France’s vast sphere of influence beyond the Mediterranean.The political turmoil here since the Arab Spring has begun,especially emergence of a flood of refugees coming to the EU,was a serious problem for France.The current situation of EU,which is shaken over the acceptance of immigrants and refugees,is grave for France,having a strategic pillar which is to raise the own presence in global politics by obtaining the leadership in the EU.France sets out to put the migration and refugee issues to rest,to maintain EU’s political power and to seize the initiative in the EU.This article will analyze such a national strategy of France focusing on the process from Chirac’s administration to Macron’s.展开更多
Owing to the energy demands and global warming issue, employing more effective power cycles has become a responsibility. This paper presents a thermo-dynamical study of an irreversible Brayton cycle with the aim of op...Owing to the energy demands and global warming issue, employing more effective power cycles has become a responsibility. This paper presents a thermo-dynamical study of an irreversible Brayton cycle with the aim of optimizing the performance of the Brayton cycle. Moreover, four different schemes in the process of multi-objective optimization were suggested, and the outcomes of each scheme are assessed separately. The power output, the concepts of entropy generation, the energy, the exergy output, and the exergy efficiencies for the irreversible Brayton cycle are considered in the analysis. In the first scheme, in order to maximize the exergy output, the ecological function and the ecological coefficient of performance, a multi-objective optimization algorithm (MOEA) is used. In the second scheme, three objective functions including the exergetic performance criteria, the ecological coefficient of performance, and the ecological function are maximized at the same time by employing MOEA. In the third scenario, in order to maximize the exergy output, the exergetic performance criteria and the ecological coefficient of performance, a MOEA is performed. In the last scheme, three objective functions containing the exergetic performance criteria, the ecologi-cal coefficient of performance, and the exergy-based ecological function are maximized at the same time by employing multi-objective optimization algorithms. All the strategies are implemented via multi-objective evolu-tionary algorithms based on the NSGAII method. Finally, to govern the final outcome in each scheme, three well- known decision makers were employed.展开更多
文摘Aerospace product development and manufacturing are key components of the air transport system. At national levels in developed countries, the aerospace industry is considered as a highly strategic sector. A solid national aerospace industry is therefore a symbol of strength. Countries are pragmatic： the positive impact of a well-developed transportation network on economic growth is indubitable and civil aircraft production is a key element of this network. Countries may also assert their sovereignty by being recognized players in the defence segment of aerospace. This paper will look at the cases of France and Quebec where local governments have invested significant public funding in poles of competitiveness （in the case of France） and clusters （in the case of Quebec）. While our examination of the France and Quebec aerospace scenes reveals a surprisingly large number of groupings, it does not indicate that all their members, large and small, equally benefit from participating in them. In this thick institutional environment, aerospace clusters and poles of competitiveness may compete against each other and become self-serving rather than representing and promoting their members.
基金The authors would like to thank the JSPS(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)Core-to-Core Program“Research on the Public Policies on Migration,Multiculturalization and Welfarefor the Regeneration of Communities in European,Asian and Japanese Societies”(FY2016-2020)and also the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)(16H03588)for conducting this research.
文摘The Mediterranean Sea is recognized by France as the most important adjacent area and also the gate to Africa,France’s vast sphere of influence beyond the Mediterranean.The political turmoil here since the Arab Spring has begun,especially emergence of a flood of refugees coming to the EU,was a serious problem for France.The current situation of EU,which is shaken over the acceptance of immigrants and refugees,is grave for France,having a strategic pillar which is to raise the own presence in global politics by obtaining the leadership in the EU.France sets out to put the migration and refugee issues to rest,to maintain EU’s political power and to seize the initiative in the EU.This article will analyze such a national strategy of France focusing on the process from Chirac’s administration to Macron’s.
文摘Owing to the energy demands and global warming issue, employing more effective power cycles has become a responsibility. This paper presents a thermo-dynamical study of an irreversible Brayton cycle with the aim of optimizing the performance of the Brayton cycle. Moreover, four different schemes in the process of multi-objective optimization were suggested, and the outcomes of each scheme are assessed separately. The power output, the concepts of entropy generation, the energy, the exergy output, and the exergy efficiencies for the irreversible Brayton cycle are considered in the analysis. In the first scheme, in order to maximize the exergy output, the ecological function and the ecological coefficient of performance, a multi-objective optimization algorithm (MOEA) is used. In the second scheme, three objective functions including the exergetic performance criteria, the ecological coefficient of performance, and the ecological function are maximized at the same time by employing MOEA. In the third scenario, in order to maximize the exergy output, the exergetic performance criteria and the ecological coefficient of performance, a MOEA is performed. In the last scheme, three objective functions containing the exergetic performance criteria, the ecologi-cal coefficient of performance, and the exergy-based ecological function are maximized at the same time by employing multi-objective optimization algorithms. All the strategies are implemented via multi-objective evolu-tionary algorithms based on the NSGAII method. Finally, to govern the final outcome in each scheme, three well- known decision makers were employed.
