Background: There is large variation in amino acids requirements among pigs,hence feeding pigs individually with daily tailored diets or in groups with a single feed may require different levels of nutrients.Thus,the ...Background: There is large variation in amino acids requirements among pigs,hence feeding pigs individually with daily tailored diets or in groups with a single feed may require different levels of nutrients.Thus,the response to different threonine levels(70%,85%,100%,115%,and 130% of the ideal threonine:lysine protein ratio of 0.65) was studied in growing pigs raised in a conventional group phase-feeding(GPF) system or fed individually using individual precision-feeding(IPF) techniques.In a 21-day trial,110 barrows(25 ± 0.80 kg body weight) were housed in the same room and fed using electronic feeders.Five pigs per treatment were slaughtered at the end of the trial.Results: Threonine intake increased linearly for the IPF and GPF pigs(P < 0.05).Lysine intake was similar across the treatments.Average daily gain,gain:feed ratio,and protein deposition were affected linearly by threonine level(P < 0.05)in both feeding systems.Protein deposition in the GPF pigs was maximized at 150 g/d and a 0.65 threonine:lysine ratio,whereas protein deposition increased linearly in the IPF pigs.Plasma Met and serine levels were 11 and 7% higher,respectively,in the IPF pigs than in the GPF pigs(P < 0.05).Dietary threonine increased(P < 0.05)threonine concentration in the longissimus dorsi in a quadratic manner in the IPF pigs,whereas there was no effect in the GPF pigs.Longissimus dorsi collagen decreased as dietary threonine increased in the IPF and GPF pigs(P < 0.10).Carcass muscle crude protein was 2% higher in the GPF pigs than in the IPF pigs(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Individual pigs are able to modulate growth and the composition of growth according to threonine intake.The average amino acid ratio value that is currently used for GPF cannot be used for IPF.展开更多
The goal of this study is to describe a methodology for the analysis of D-sorbitol using benzyl alcohol as derivatizing agent and liquid chromatography equipped with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). The study was pe...The goal of this study is to describe a methodology for the analysis of D-sorbitol using benzyl alcohol as derivatizing agent and liquid chromatography equipped with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). The study was performed at the University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Ilha Solteira Campus, Brazil. The axillary buds of fruit trees were collected from the UNESP Teaching and Research Farm. Benzyl alcohol was used as derivatizing agent to extract D-sorbitol from the buds. Next, the D-sorbitol underwent solid phase extraction (SPE) using C18 cartridges and was then analyzed by liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). The HPLC-DAD derivatization method proposed showed excellent chromatography resolution and high accuracy in the separation of D-sorbitol (derivatized) for the axillary buds of avocado, black mulberry, Japanese pear and peach and also enabled eliminating the use of hazardous derivatizing agents.展开更多
基金funded by Swine Innovation Porc under the Swine Cluster2:Driving Results through Innovation research programFunding was also provided by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada(AAFC)through the AgriInnovation Program,by industry partners and provincial producer organizations,and by Aliments Breton Inc.and Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition Europe+4 种基金Financial support was also provided by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)(grant no.2012/03781–0 fellowship grant no.2014/25075–6fellowship grant no.2016/09703–2)the Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)(fellowship grant no.132530/2013–9)for their financial support of this project
文摘Background: There is large variation in amino acids requirements among pigs,hence feeding pigs individually with daily tailored diets or in groups with a single feed may require different levels of nutrients.Thus,the response to different threonine levels(70%,85%,100%,115%,and 130% of the ideal threonine:lysine protein ratio of 0.65) was studied in growing pigs raised in a conventional group phase-feeding(GPF) system or fed individually using individual precision-feeding(IPF) techniques.In a 21-day trial,110 barrows(25 ± 0.80 kg body weight) were housed in the same room and fed using electronic feeders.Five pigs per treatment were slaughtered at the end of the trial.Results: Threonine intake increased linearly for the IPF and GPF pigs(P < 0.05).Lysine intake was similar across the treatments.Average daily gain,gain:feed ratio,and protein deposition were affected linearly by threonine level(P < 0.05)in both feeding systems.Protein deposition in the GPF pigs was maximized at 150 g/d and a 0.65 threonine:lysine ratio,whereas protein deposition increased linearly in the IPF pigs.Plasma Met and serine levels were 11 and 7% higher,respectively,in the IPF pigs than in the GPF pigs(P < 0.05).Dietary threonine increased(P < 0.05)threonine concentration in the longissimus dorsi in a quadratic manner in the IPF pigs,whereas there was no effect in the GPF pigs.Longissimus dorsi collagen decreased as dietary threonine increased in the IPF and GPF pigs(P < 0.10).Carcass muscle crude protein was 2% higher in the GPF pigs than in the IPF pigs(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Individual pigs are able to modulate growth and the composition of growth according to threonine intake.The average amino acid ratio value that is currently used for GPF cannot be used for IPF.
文摘The goal of this study is to describe a methodology for the analysis of D-sorbitol using benzyl alcohol as derivatizing agent and liquid chromatography equipped with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). The study was performed at the University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Ilha Solteira Campus, Brazil. The axillary buds of fruit trees were collected from the UNESP Teaching and Research Farm. Benzyl alcohol was used as derivatizing agent to extract D-sorbitol from the buds. Next, the D-sorbitol underwent solid phase extraction (SPE) using C18 cartridges and was then analyzed by liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). The HPLC-DAD derivatization method proposed showed excellent chromatography resolution and high accuracy in the separation of D-sorbitol (derivatized) for the axillary buds of avocado, black mulberry, Japanese pear and peach and also enabled eliminating the use of hazardous derivatizing agents.
