Globalization Under the Spells of Breakdowns in Supply Chains, Regime Change, Regime Formation, and Alliance Restructuring: How Much Is Left for Public Goods?

In a paper conceived about five years ago(“Globalization and Public Goods:Too Big to Tackle?”)roughly a dozen factors were linked to explain important causal paths from globalization to the potential output of public goods.The Russian invasion of Ukraine,the corona epidemic,and the increased hegemonic rivalry between China and the U.S.interrupted or even destroyed many of the linkages between globalization and potential public good production.About five important detrimental paths involved in the meantime.In the present article we aim at linking what is left from the previous level of globalization or emerging to form a new and simplified causal model for likely linkages between truncated or(re-)emerging globalization,and the deadly needed output of public goods.These linkages refer to rules of climate control,go to trade linkages and arbitrary tariffs and trade interventions.Regime change,regime formation,and alliance restructuring address aspects of domestic rule and international stability.Selectorate theory,regime type,and exit options for political elites provide key explanatory factors in explaining globalization and public goods productions,or their decay.Where possible we use some data and transformation experiences corroborating our arguments.In other instances need for further empirical macro research will become clear.

3omorbidity and survival of patients selected for radica prostatectomy at an age of 75 years or older

Radical prostatectomy in elderly patients is controversial. To identify very old candidates for radical prostatectomy with the highest probability of long-term survival, we studied 47 consecutive men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2005 at an age of 75 years or older. A heuristic approach was used to search for subgroups with particularly high long-term survival. Several two-sided comorbidity measures and combinations of these measures were investigated to find classifications best identifying healthy, long-living elderly candidates for radical prostatectomy. Four of the 25 two-sided comorbidity classifications or combinations reached the significance level with hazard ratios between 4.00 and 4.80. After 10 years, patients identified as healthy patients according to these comorbidity measurements had exhibited relative survival rates between 129% and 137% and overall survival rates between 86% and 95%, whereas those with comorbidities had exhibited relative survival rates of only 66%-84% and overall survival rates of 44%-58%. In conclusion, classifying comorbidity may identify a meaningful proportion of men selected for radical prostatectomy at an age of 75 years or older with an excellent long-term survival probability superseding that of the general population.

Preliminary Mapping and Characterisation of Soils in the Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria)

Soil types, humus types and vegetation as well as their hypsometric variation were analysed in terms of sequences in the northern part of the high mountains of the Pirin National Park at altitudes between looo and 2400 m a.s.1. The study area is characterised by a large variety of natural parameters like petrology （mainly marble and granite）, morphology （different slope deposits, exposition） and the orographic climate gradient. Statistical analyses using these parameters provided a basis for the soil group classification of the sites. Based on a Digital Terrain Model （DTM） and a geological map of the Pirin National Park, the results of these statistical analyses were used to generate a ＂map of potential soil groups＂ （regionalisation using GIS）. Six potential soil groups could be determined. The resulting map exhibits a confidence level of 68 % on 74.4 % of the covered area. Rendzic Leptosols, in combination with Folic Histosols and Histi-lithic Leptosols occur in the alpine and subalpine regions on calcareous substrates. With decreasing altitude they are replaced by a mosaic of Rendzic Leptosols, Phaeozems and an increasing occurrence of Cambic Umbrisols. Umbrisols found on silicatic substrates in the alpine region are replaced by Cambic Umbrisols with decreasing altitude as well. Hence, pedogenesis is characterised by increasing browning and depth of the soil profiles with decreasing altitude. The pH-level is slightly acidic to neutral in lower zones and on calcareous rocky bases. Acidification increases in the subalpine zone. Soil pH decreases down to 4 on silicate subtrates. Typical humic values in mineral topsoils are 10 to 12 %, and in organic layers of the soils above 2000 m a.s.1, they are even more. The C：N ratio closely ranges around 20 （median）.

Effect of organic acid during the fermentation of vegetable

The technology of anaerobic digestion of sewage and solid wastes regains people＇s attention, mainly due to high price of fossil fuel nowadays in most recent years. The main topic for batch test is to study the inhibitory effect and boundary conditions of organic acid （propionic acid） to anaerobic digesters. High concentrations ofpropionic acid are achieved by direct dosage of the acid. As it is thought to be highly inhibitory to the digester, we are expecting that： （1） the production rate of methane declines and finally stops when the acid gradually accumulates; （2） the propionic acid will displace stronger inhibition under lower pH values. The results of the batch tests will assist engineers to better control anaerobic digesters and react to potential digester crises caused by propionic acid before it is too late.

Design and Optimization of Steel Car Body Structures via Local Laser-Strengthening

Continuously rising demands of legislators require a significant reduction of CO2-emission and thus fuel consumption across all vehicle classes. In this context, lightweight construction materials and designs become a single most important factor. The main engineering challenge is to precisely adapt the material and component properties to the specific load situation. However, metallic car body structures using “Tailored blanks” or “Patchwork structures” meet these requirements only insufficiently, especially for complex load situations (like crash). An innovative approach has been developed to use laser beams to locally strengthen steel crash structures used in vehicle bodies. The method tailors the workpiece hardness and thus strength at selected locations to adjust the material properties for the expected load distribution. As a result, free designable 3D-strengthening-patterns surrounded by softer base metal zones can be realized by high power laser beams at high processing speed. The paper gives an overview of the realizable process window for different laser treatment modes using current high brilliant laser types. Furthermore, an efficient calculation model for determining the laser track properties (depth/width and flow curve) is shown. Based on that information, simultaneous FE modelling can be efficiently performed. Chassis components are both statically and cyclically loaded. Especially for these components, a modulation of the fatigue behavior by laser-treated structures has been investigated. Simulation and experimental results of optimized crash and deep drawing components with up to 55% improved level of performance are also illustrated.

Challenges for Software Engineering in Automation

This paper gives an introduction to the essential challenges of software engineering and requirements that software has to fulfill in the domain of automation. Besides, the functional characteristics, specific constraints and circumstances are considered for deriving requirements concerning usability, the technical process, the automation functions, used platform and the well-established models, which are described in detail. On the other hand, challenges result from the circumstances at different points in the single phases of the life cycle of the automated system. The requirements for life-cycle-management, tools and the changeability during runtime are described in detail.

Boosting flexible electronics with integration of two-dimensional materials

Flexible electronics has emerged as a continuously growing field of study.Two-dimensional(2D)materials often act as conductors and electrodes in elec-tronic devices,holding significant promise in the design of high-performance,flexible electronics.Numerous studies have focused on harnessing the potential of these materials for the development of such devices.However,to date,the incorporation of 2D materials in flexible electronics has rarely been summa-rized or reviewed.Consequently,there is an urgent need to develop compre-hensive reviews for rapid updates on this evolving landscape.This review covers progress in complex material architectures based on 2D materials,including interfaces,heterostructures,and 2D/polymer composites.Addition-ally,it explores flexible and wearable energy storage and conversion,display and touch technologies,and biomedical applications,together with integrated design solutions.Although the pursuit of high-performance and high-sensitivity instruments remains a primary objective,the integrated design of flexible electronics with 2D materials also warrants consideration.By combin-ing multiple functionalities into a singular device,augmented by machine learning and algorithms,we can potentially surpass the performance of existing wearable technologies.Finally,we briefly discuss the future trajectory of this burgeoning field.This review discusses the recent advancements in flex-ible sensors made from 2D materials and their applications in integrated archi-tecture and device design.

Flexible MXene films for batteries and beyond

MXenes add dozens of metallic conductors to the family of two-dimensional(2D)materials.A top-down synthesis approach removing A-layer atoms(e.g.,Al,Si,and Ga)in MAX phases to produce 2D flakes attaches various surface terminations to MXenes.With these terminations,MXenes show tunable properties,promising a range of applications from energy storage devices to electronics,including sensors,transistors,and antennas.MXenes are also excellent building blocks to create flexible films used for flexible and wearable devices.This article summarizes the synthesis of MXene flakes and highlights aspects that need attention for flexible devices.Rather than listing the development of energy storage devices in detail,we focus on the main challenges of and solutions for constructing high-performance devices.Moreover,we show the applications of MXene films in electronics to call on designs to construct a complete system based on MXene with good flexibility,which consists of a power source,sensors,transistors,and wireless communications.

Intelligent vehicle lateral control based on radial basis function neural network sliding mode controller

Based on the predigestion of the dynamic model of the intelligent firefighting vehicle,a linear 2-DOF lateral dynamic model and a preview error model are established.To solve the problems of a highly non-linear vehicle model,time-varying parameters,output chattering,and poor robustness,the Radial Basis Function neural network sliding mode controller is designed.Then,different driving speeds are used to conduct simulation tests under standard double-shifting and smooth curve road conditions,and the simulation results are used to analyse the tracking effect of the lateral motion controller on the desired path.The simulation results reveal that the controller designed has high accuracy in tracking the desired path and has good robustness to the disturbance of intelligent firefighting vehicle speed changes.

单分子层次上相互作用自动检测

任何生命过程都与分子间相互作用有关。这些相互作用决定了生物分子间的"交流"方式,组成了生物过程的基本语言。Müller教授研究组发展了一种全自动"机器人"(一种全自动原子力显微镜),可以通过检测细胞上的"分子机器"分析分子间相互作用。为了实现这样的目标,该仪器需要将不同的空间尺度联系起来:宏观尺度的悬臂利用其微观尺度的针尖与纳米尺度的蛋白质相接触,进而在亚纳米的尺度上定位与检测分子间相互作用。这项技术能够帮助人们以亚纳米尺度的分辨率定位细胞内分子机器的相互作用位置,并且观察分子间相互作用如何驱动这些分子机器行使功能。在药物筛选研究领域,该技术可以被用来检测配体以及抑制剂与蛋白质结合的位点和强度,还可以检测受体的不同功能状态。

Advanced architecture designs towards high-performance 3D microbatteries

Rechargeable microbatteries are important power supplies for microelectronic devices.Two essential targets for rechargeable microbatteries are high output energy and minimal footprint areas.In addition to the development of new high-performance electrode materials,the device configurations of microbatteries also play an important role in enhancing the output energy and miniaturizing the footprint area.To make a clear vision on the design principle of rechargeable microbatteries,we firstly summarize the typical configurations of microbatteries.The advantages of different configurations are thoroughly discussed from the aspects of fabrication technologies and material engineering.Towards the high energy output at a minimal footprint area,a revolutionary design for microbatteries is of great importance.In this perspective,we review the progress of fabricating microbatteries based on the rolled-up nanotechnology,a derivative origami technology.Finally,we discussed the challenges and perspectives in the device design and materials optimization.

扬声器力学分布式参数(第一部分:测量篇)(待续)

扬声器单元的力学振动可以由一组线性的传递函数和几何数据来描述,这些数据是通过测量辐射体(如锥体、半球形膜片、振动盆、活塞、平板等)上的若干个选择点得到的。这些分布式参数是对集总参数(包括T-S、非线性、热学参数)的有益补充,它使得锥体、扬声器单元与扬声器系统设计之间的联系易于理解,并开启了一种新的扬声器诊断方法。重点着眼于激光扫描技术和对数据的后处理。力学振动将会用到一个新的量来概述,即:累积加速度级(AAL),当没有声抵消出现时,它和声压级(SPL)是相当的。这个参数和其他导出的参数是模态分析和全新的分解技术的基础,这一方法使得力学振动和声压输出之间的关系更为明晰。最后,将指出分布式参数在有限元法或边界元分析法中的用法,并给出有益于扬声器设计过程的结论。

扬声器锥体振动的测量及可视化(续完)

4．4分解 3D动面对于展示某一频率下锥体的总的振动极为形象。要更为详细地分析其振动特性，就得将总的运动分解成具有不同属性的独立的振动分量。

高密度硅油(Densiron)作为复杂视网膜脱离眼内填充物的首次应用

Background:In this study,we evaluated the anatomic and functional outcome and intraocular adverse effects after a 3-month endotamponade with Densiron 68,a mixture of F6H8 with silicone oil,in complex inferior redetachments.Methods:Forty-eight eyes of 48 patients aged 27-82 years with retinal redetachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)grades CP1 to CA7 were included.Mean duration of the Densiron endotamponade was 108.7± 66.9 days,with a mean followup after removal of 102.8± 31.9 days.Results:Twenty-two patients(45.8%)showed stable retinal reattachment after Densiron removal.Fourteen patients(29.2%)developed retinal re-detachment after removal,generally within 1 month and in the upper circumference(n=8).In 11 patients(22.9%)recurrent re-detachment(inferior n=8)appeared during Densiron endotamponade.In one eye(2.1%)treatment was primarily unsuccessful.Visual acuity improved from mean logMAR 1.66± 1.03 to 1.47± 0.97(not statistically significant,P=0.257).Side effects included temporary inflammatory reaction(n=10),fibrin accumulation(n=6),sterile hypopyon(n=2),vitreous hemorrhage(n=6),elevated IOP(n=5),emulsification(n=4)and chronic hypotony(n=4).Conclusion:The anatomical success rate without further interventions of 45.8%(22 of 48 patients)seems unsatisfactory.However,in evaluating the potential of Densiron,it should be considered that all patients in this study had previous surgery with standard procedures,including silicone oil,which had already failed.Intraoperative laser photocoagulation of the periphery of the upper quadrants might reduce the risk of retinal re-detachments.

陶瓷基体热喷涂涂层的研究进展

由于表面改性的需要,陶瓷基体对热喷涂涂层方案的需求也在日益增加。根据基体结构和性能的不同,需要开发特殊的基体相关的制备概念。本文展示一些在烧结氮化硅和AlN陶瓷上沉积涂层的概念。使用传统的喷砂工艺处理的基体近表面区域粗糙度低并会带来损害。作为替代方法 ,激光刻蚀被用来改变陶瓷基体的热喷涂表面特性。通过选择适当的激光刻蚀参数和喷涂方法,成功地制备了与陶瓷基体具有良好结合性能的大气等离子喷涂(APS)和悬浮液超音速火焰喷涂(suspension-HVOFAl2O3)涂层。

Anchor-free Siamese Network Based on Visual Tracking

The Visual tracking problem can usually be solved in two parts.The first part is to extract the feature of the target and get the candidate region.The second part is to realize the classification of the target and the regression of the bounding box.In recent years,Siameses network in visual tracking problem has always been a frontier research hotspot.In this work,it applies two branches namely search area and tracking template area for similar learning to track.Some related researches prove the feasibility of this network structure.According to the characteristics of two branch shared networks in Siamese network,we also propos a new fully convolutional Siamese network to solve the visual tracking problem.Based on the Siamese network structure,the network we designed adopt a new fusion module,which realizes the fusion of multiple feature layers at different depths.We also devise a better target state estimation criterion.The overall structure is simple,efficient and has wide applicability.We extensive experiments on challenging benchmarks including generic object tracking-10k(GOT-10K),online object tracking benckmark2015(OTB2015)and unmanned air vehicle123(UAV123),and comparisons with state-of-the-art trackers and the fusion module commonly used in the past,Finally,our network performed better under the same backbone,and achieved good tracking effect,which proved the effectiveness and universality of our designed network and feature fusion method.

扬声器力学分布式参数(第二部分:诊断篇)(续完)

要避免声抵消或消除总的SPL响应上的谷值，那么同相分量的SPL或似￡响应应至少高于反相分量的SPL或似三响应6dB。如果同相分量始终起着主导作用，那么这部分分量将是来自于辐射面的固定区域的振动，这部分区域是受限制的，且随着频率的升高，其辐射面的区域会逐渐减小。传统的纸锥体的顶角都会小于70°，它出现分裂模式是逐渐从外区域往内的。第一个波节比较靠近外折环，这是因为锥体壳在此处的曲率要比趋于锥体中心部分的曲率小，其弯曲劲度也要低得多。

扬声器锥体振动的测量及可视化(待续)

利用激光三角测量原理的技术可以实现对扬声器锥体振动的光学测量(扫描振动测量法),这项技术与多谱勒干涉测量法相比更为经济高效。三角测量原理的传感器主要得到的是位移数据,因此,要测量最高可达20 kHz时的振动盆的分裂振动模式,就需要进行足够高信噪比的高级信号处理。除了可以提供辐射图形的闪频动画显示,也将提出新的针对测量数据实现可视化的分解技术。可以把总的振动分解成径向模态的振动与周向模态的振动;也可以分解成辐射振动分量和非辐射振动分量。这种后处理方法揭示出了扬声器锥体极其重要的振动模式,也简化了对于声辐射(振动)的解读,并给出了进一步改善的方向。

硅酸钙、β-磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石三相陶瓷复合物与骨细胞活性的体外鉴定(英文)

由于羟基磷灰石陶瓷与骨无机质的化学成份相似,所以10年来研究者对羟基磷灰石陶瓷在骨修复替换中的应用进行了深入的研究。羟基磷灰石因其高生物相容性和骨传导性已被广泛的应用,但羟基磷灰石的再吸收能力差。文章对由硅酸钙、β-磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石组成的三相陶瓷复合物进行了研究。在三相陶瓷复合物环境下,采用不同比率硅酸钙、β-磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石对骨髓夹源间充质干细胞进行体外研究。细胞在加入和没有加入成骨细胞的情况下培养28d。采用碱性磷酸酶活性、碱性磷酸酶基因码转录和骨唾液蛋白Ⅱ表达评估成骨分化水平。成骨细胞和破骨细胞在陶瓷复合80%羟基磷灰石材料上完成预实验。将鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞与人单核细胞共同培养以分析其向破骨细胞分化的可能性。结果显示人骨髓间充质干细胞在陶瓷复合物材料上表现出快速黏附和高度增殖率,在所有实验材料上,成骨诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞碱性磷酸酶活性增加,碱性磷酸酶基因码转录和骨唾液酸蛋白Ⅱ的表达在3种材料上同样增加。扫描电镜和聚焦激光扫描显微镜结果证明在陶瓷复合80%羟基磷灰石材料上的人单核细胞向破骨样细胞分化。结果提示制备的三相陶瓷复合材料支持人骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附、增殖和成骨分化,以及人单核细胞与成骨细胞联合培养条件下破骨细胞形成。

扬声器力学分布式参数(第一部分:测量篇)(续完)

基本的振动参数及几何特性包含着有价值的信息，这些信息可以导出二级参数以用于扬声器的设计及诊断。