Human Hydatidosis: A Negliged Zoonosis and Underdeclared at the University Hospital Center of Tlemcen, Algeria: 16 Years of Registration from 2003 to 2018

Hydatid disease is considered as an important emerging neglected disease worldwide.Cystic echinococcosis is a neglected disease of public health significance in many low and middle-income countries.The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile of human hydatidosis in Tlemcen.A prospective study was conducted at University Hospital Center(UHC)of Tlemcen,from 2003 to 2018 from the declaration of notifiable diseases.Data entry and analysis was done using Epi-info software 6.One hundred and fifty-eight(158)patients were declared during 16 years of registartion at the UHC of Tlemcen.Ninety three point zero three percent(93.03%)of the reports of cases were received from the surgical services and 6 cases from the pneumology department.A slight female predominance was noted with sex-ratio(Females/Males):1.15.More than half of the patients were subjects over 40 years old.Three cases were noted in children.The average age was 42.38±17.14 years.The liver was the most frequent organ involved in our study followed by pulmonary localization.Fifty one point eight seven(51.87%)of cases were from rural areas and 46.2%from urban areas.Human hydatidosis remains an under-reported and neglected disease in Tlemcen whose fight is essentially based on preventive measures and requires multisectoral collaboration.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Endemic Regions and Epidemiological Characteristics of Cases Declared at University Hospital Center of Tlemcen, Algeria, 2012-2016

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread parasitic disease and a public health problem worldwide. It is an endemic and notifiable disease in Algeria. Our objective was to know the epidemiological characteristics and to determine the endemic regions of the CL in the town of Tlemcen. A descriptive study was conducted with a prospective collection over five years, from 2012 to 2016, based on the systematic declaration of CL cases received from the various departments of the University Hospital center (UHC) of Tlemcen. Data entry and analysis was done by Epi-info 6 software. Thirty-four cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, 27 of which are autochthonous were reported at the UHC of Tlemcen during 5 years with a female predominance;sex ratio (h/f): 0.79. The most affected age group was 40-50 years old. Six cases occurred in children under 16 years, 80% of the reports were received by the dermatology department. The highest peak was recorded in 2013;autumnal predominance was noted in 30% of cases. All patients lived or had been in endemic areas. Vector control campaigns must be reinforced to fight against leishmaniasis in the town of Tlemcen, also, the improvement of habitat conditions for populations at risk.

Taxonomic Diversity and Structure of Gastropods in Stations at Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) in the Gardens of Tlemcen Park (Tlemcen Mounts, Algeria)

The Tlemcen region is located in north-western Algeria and is characterized by a semi-arid bioclimate. An approach to the diversity of the malacofauna associated with Salvia officinalis was carried out in three stations belonging to this area from February to June 2015. The specific richness of the Gastropods is 9 divided into three families: Milacidae, Helicidae and Subulinidae. The second includes two subfamilies including that of Helicinae and that of Helicellinae. Two species are constant, 01 is incidental and the 06 others are very accidental. The relative importance of snails fluctuates according to the stations and according to the months and the seasons. In winter, in the first station the malacological richness is equal to 6. In February, the specific richness is relatively important in the 2nd station with a value equal to 7. Milax nigricans (Milacidae) has a frequency of 10% in station 1 and has a density of 0.1 in this same station. It is absent in the other two stations. Euparypha pisana has a frequency of 60% in station 3 and an abundance of 0.57 in this same station.

Survival Study over 5 Years of Digestive Cancers in Tlemcen Province during 2011-2017

In the world,digestive cancers represent a major public health problem by their frequency and severity.Digestive tract cancers are very common malignant tumors worldwide and are an important cause of cancer-related death.The objective of our study was to determinate the survival of digestive cancers in the province of Tlemcen over a period of 5 years.This is a prognostic historical-prospective study with an exhaustive collection data,which consists of studying the 5-year survival of digestive cancers in the province of Tlemcen,of all patients with digestive cancers whatever the stage,diagnosed between 2011 and 2012 and histologically confirmed in subjects residing in the province of Tlemcen at the moment of diagnosis.The subjects of our study were identified from the cancer registry of Tlemcen.In total,408 cases of digestive cancers were diagnosed over 2 years in Tlemcen province.Most digestive cancers were characterized by a predominance of men except for cancer of the liver,gallbladder and bile ducts but whatever the sex,these cancers occur mainly in subjects whose age is greater than or equal to 45 years.Topographically,for both sexes combined,the colorectum followed by the stomach were the organs most affected by digestive cancers.Histopathologically,a predominance of adenocarcinoma has been noted.The 5-year global survival rate of all digestive cancers was 55.4%,depending on the localization;colorectal cancer,small bowel cancer,gallbladder and bile ducts cancer,stomach and esophagus cancers are cancers of intermediate prognosis whose survival in 5 years is between 40%and 80%.Liver cancer and pancreatic cancer remain poor prognosis cancers with 5-year survival rates of 23.08%and 33.3%respectively.The survival of digestive cancers must be improved by adequate care and surveillance of patients.The prevention of colorectal cancers which occupy the first place among the digestive cancers is based essentially on the knowledge of the risk factors and the screening allowing the improvement of the survival rate.The registry of cancer remains a fundamental tool of any cancer control program;it constitutes a starting source for the analysis of survival.

Contribution of Chamaerops humilis L. (Arecaceae) in Conservation in Situ of Soil Resources in the Tlemcen Region (Western Algeria)

In recent years, the anthropic action on scrubs in the region of Tlemcen (a province in western Algeria) has represented a threat to the groups of Chamaerops humilis L. (Arecaceae). The main purpose of the present investigation is to highlight the relationship between Chamaerops humilis and its biotope. Taking advantage of the refurbishment works in the study area, clumps of Chamaerops humilis, freshly dug by machinery, were collected and used to conduct some measurements. A total of 34 clusters were considered. The main parameters to be studied are: 1. The height of the tangle of roots and the number of roots in each cluster;2. The weight of soil trapped between roots;3. Physico-chemical properties of soil in which taxa grow. The results obtained showed that the average weight of soil retained by the clumps was important (70.3 kg);the average height of the tangle was 68.4 cm and the average number of roots was 382. The tangle of roots, of various stocks of Chamaerops humilis, creates a root network, very tangled in its upper part, thereby trapping a significant amount of soil. The statistical analyses of pairs of parameters, considered in the present work (height of the tangle, mass of soil trapped by roots and number of roots), were found to be highly correlated. These analyses allowed identifying the relationships existing between the studied parameters. They also helped to deduce the role of the taxon in the in situ conservation of edaphic potential.

Situation of the Technical and Financial Assistance According to Farms Opinions in Some Mountainous Regions of Tlemcen Province (Algeria)

The technical and financial assistance plays a fundamental role in agriculture in order to maintain its durability especially in disadvantaged regions. For this purpose, the present work aims to evaluate the technical and financial assistance according to the opinions of farms in some mountainous areas belonging to the mountains of Tlemcen wihch are situated in the north-western Algeria. The results obtained showed that to improve the relation between bank and farms, public financial institutions should review the conditions for bank credits granting according to sociological particularity of the Algerian population who is very attached to the instructions of Islam religion which prohibits interest rates generated by bank credits. In addition, strengthening these mountainous areas by qualified technical personnel is a necessary operation to improving the knowledge and the know-how of farmers which are very insufficient in these areas.

The current state of the plant diversity in the Tlemcen region(Northwest Algeria)

Tlemcen region is characterized by a Mediterranean climate, with a remarkable vegetal cover. The latter is influenced by the anthropozoological action. For that, we realized a phytoecological study based on the minimum area classical method [1] which allows us to have a good overview on plant biodiversity and better analyze and interpret the vegetation at different levels (systematic composition;biological, morphological and biogeographical characterizations;stratification;and plant species inventory which we hope comprehensive). The results show that our ecosystems are disrupted because therophytisation, before last vegetation dynamics element [2], settles giving up a few feet of cork and holm oaks species of ancient forest.

Comparative study of the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on larval populations of Culex pipiens L.(Diptera-Culicidae)of the City of Tlemcen(Algeria)

In the cities of Algeria, Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is the mosquito which presents most interest because of its wide geographical distribution and of its abundance which engender a strong nuisance. Besides, its role of vector of the virus West Nile arouses a particular interest in the Mediterranean Basin. These insects are generally controlled by conventional insecticides for the greater part, chemicals which cause in the long term side effects (effects on the not aimed bodies and the resistance of the aimed species). A research for the effect of the bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (granulated commercial shape in 200 IUT1/mg) was realized on préimaginales populations of the artificial deposits sites (taken directly of them natural the deposits sites) and cleansed populations (stemming from a breeding) having never been handled previously, taking into account local weather and physico-chemical conditions. Analyses of variance, allowed to determine the combined effect of the factor measure and of the factor time which by increasing, increase the efficiency of the product. The results of the rates of mortalities registered after treatment allowed to loosen the DL50 and the DL90 for every embryonic stage. From the results, we estimated the degree of sensibility of the larva populations of Culex pipiens which have proved heterogeneous in partial tolerance in Bacillus thuringiensis for the populations of the sensitive artificial and homogeneous the deposits sites for those stemming from the breeding.

Phytoecological and phytoedaphological characterization of steppe plant communities in the south of Tlemcen(western Algeria)

In Algeria, the steppe areas of southern Sebdou between Tlemcen, El-Aricha and Mecheria are the scene of an adverse and continuous ecological imbalance often caused by the strong support of human pressure in these ecosystems. In arid and semi-arid regions, salinity remains a constraint for the development of plants. This study focuses on the realization of floristic surveys, where attention was paid to areas occupied by the dominant perennial species (Tamarix gallicaL.). A correspondence analysis by Minitab 15 software has allowed us to individualize the groups of species attracted by some parameters (edaphic, nitrates, humidity), and ecological gradients appear to affect the distribution of these taxa. The study of plant diversity shows the dominance of biological type of therophytes (41%) and morphological type of the Chenopodiaceaes with (25%). For geographical types, the strict Mediterranean and circum-Mediterranean element predominates.

Caries-related factors and bacterial composition of supragingival plaques in caries free and caries active Algerian adults

Objective: To compare oral hygiene practices, education and social background, food intake and oral malodor of Algerian adults suffering from dental caries with normal controls, and to determine and compare the bacterial composition of the supragingival plaques from the above-mentioned groups.Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire and were clinically examined for dental caries using decayed, missing and filled teeth index according to the criteria laid down by the World Health Organization. Supragingival plaque samples were collected from 50 caries-free adults(CF) and 50 caries-active adults(CA). Standard procedures of culture and identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were used. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results: A total of 117 bacterial strains were isolated from supragingival plaques in CF group subjects, 76(64.96%) of them belonged to 9 aerobic genera, and 41(35.04%) to 9anaerobic genera(P < 0.05). While in the second group, 199 strains were isolated, 119(59.80%) of the strains belonged to 10 aerobic genera and 80(40.20%) to 10 anaerobic bacteria(P < 0.05). Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecium, Aerococcus viridans,Actinomyces meyeri, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Eubacterium limosum showed a significantly higher prevalence in the CA group(P < 0.05). The findings revealed that CA group had a high sugar intake(80%). A significantly higher frequency of tooth brushing(P < 0.000) and a significantly less self-reported oral malodor(P < 0.000) and tooth pain(P < 0.000) were found in CF group, while there was no association of socioeconomic levels and intake of meal snacks with dental caries.Conclusions: This study confirms the association of some aciduric bacteria with caries formation, and a direct association of sugar intake and cultural level with dental caries.Furthermore, oral hygiene practices minimize the prevalence of tooth decay.

Anthropozoic impact on the floristic biodiversity in the area of Beni Saf(Algeria)

The degradation of the natural resources in Algeria nowadays remains a major constraint for the agrosilvopastoral development. Indeed, the area of Beni Saf is confronted with many problems such as the anthropozoic pressure which does not make it possible to keep balance between the exploitation of the natural resources and their regenerations in time and space. Following the example results obtained through a floristic study by the factorial analysis of correspondences (F A C), concerning the identification of anthropozoogenes species such as: Chamaerops humilis, Asphodelus microcarpus, Withania frutescens, Calycotome spinosa, Asparagus albus;furthermore, the calculation of the disturbance index which marks the rate of therophytisation which is about 68%, that one finds it very high. These indices show a disturbance and an imbalance of the plant formation of the zone of study, caused by the high anthropozoogene pressure. Vis-a-vis this threat, it is essential to propose a possibility of intervention for a durable management of these spaces.

The Radiation Loss of a Cylindrical Methane-Argon Plasma Arc

Calculation of the net radiation emitted by a CH4-Ar mixture, in a temperature range of 5,000-30,000 K with the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium （LTE）, is conducted. Continuum and line emissions are taken into account. The radiative transfer of each line is calculated by means of an escape factor depending on the shape and broadening of the line. Assuming a cylindrical, homogeneous, and isothermal plasma, the net emission coefficient is calculated for different pressures between 1 atm and 10 atm and arc radia of 0 mm to 1 mm. Results show that the argon presence in the CH4-Ar mixture has a significant effect on the total radiation emitted for the temperature above 17,000 K and the results for pure argon agree with those of BAUDER and EVANS.

Evaluation of antifungal activity of free fatty acids methyl esters fraction isolated from Algerian Linum usitatissimum L.seeds against toxigenic Aspergillus

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the anlilungal activity of the major fraction of fatty acids methyl esters(FAMEs)isolated from Linum usitatissimum L.seeds oil collected from Bechar department(Algeria).Methods:The assessment ol antifungal activity was carried out in terms of percentage of radial growth on solid medium potatoes dextrose agar PDA)and biomass growth inhibition on liquid medium(potatoes dextrose broth PDB)against two fungi.Results:The FAMEs was found to be effective in inhibiting the radial mycelial growth of Aspergillus fluctis more than Aspergillus ochraceus on all tested concentrations.The highest antifungal index was found to be(54.19%]compared to Aspergillus ochraeeus(40.48%).The results of the antifungal activity of the FAMEs inhibition of bioniass on liquid medium gave no discounted results,but this does not exclude the antifungal activity.Conclusions:We can assume that the observed antifungal potency may be due to the abundance of linoleic andα-linolenic acids in linseed oil which appears to be promising to treat fungal infections,storage fungi and food spoilage in food industry field.

The Mechanical and Crystallographic Evolution of Stipa tenacissima Leaves During In-Soil Biodegradation

The in-soil biodegradation of Stipa tenacissima(alfa)leaves was examined.Non-linear mechanical testing was performed at various biodegradation stages.Tensile strength,loading and unloading Young’s moduli and dissipation energy decreased with the burial time,whereas plasticity increased.Field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)showed that the fracture cracks propagated in the longitudinal direction in the raw material,resulting in a fracture mode consisting of a mixture of middle lamella delamination and fiber pull-out.In contrast,the cracks were perpendicular to the stem axis in the biodegraded material,demonstrating an important strength loss of the load-bearing fibers.This strength loss was correlated with rapid cellulose degradation.A novel X-ray diffraction(XRD)model was implemented in order to take into account anisotropic size broadening.For the first time,XRD demonstrated the action of biodegradation on unrefined plant tissues under quasi in-situ conditions.Biodegradation induced a progressive loss of crystalline cellulose accompanied with anisotropic crystallite thinning.

Some Aspects of Anthropogenic Florístico-Order in Both Steppe Regions (El-Gor and El-Bouihi) in Western Algeria

This aim of this study is to highlight the critical view of human action and anthropic at the steppe zone of Tlemcen. Therefore, the current paper tends to tackle an analytical study of the dynamics of ecosystems in both states: El-Gor in the south-east and El-Bouihi in the southern-west of Tlemcen. To carry out this study it was necessary to present the bioclimatic context based on weather data to perform bioclimatic syntheses (diagram ombrothermic, climagramme rainfall Emberger). By comparison between old and recent periods (1913-1938) and (1984-2009), respectively, for the region of El-Gor and (1913-1938) and (1970-1990) for the El station-Bouihi, there is a net decrease in rainfall and higher temperatures at the new periods, which means that the study areas are moving towards the driest floors. The interpretation of multidimensional treatments AFC (Factor Analysis of Correspondences) vegetation helps to determine the existing affinities between the different taxa. These biostatistical analyses help to highlight the different factors often responsible for the dynamic regressive most cases.

Anthropogenic effects on plant cover in the Tlemcen region (western Algeria)

The present work is devoted to the study of broad physiological and ecological characteris- tics of anthropophytic species on the high step- pe lands of the Tlemcen region. The bioclimatic analysis confirms the development of drought in this region with a dominance of spiny and/or toxic asylvatic: plant species of shrub and her- baceous size species. We used correspondence factor analysis (CFA) of the various factors causing degradation to better understand the complexity of this ecosystem, whose floristic composition was complemented by means of soil measurements (spectrum green/ecological spectrum). This analysis allowed us to identify five groups of anthropophytic species with in this highly degraded matorral. We show that this ecosystem is already showing symptoms of de-gradation, and propose a preservation policy for protecting ensuring the survival of native species under threat from human activities.