In this study quality changes of rainbow trout fillet wrapped with quince seed mucilage QSM film incorporated with 0–2%(V/V)thyme or oregano essential oil,as natural preservatives,during storage of 18 d at 4◦C were i...In this study quality changes of rainbow trout fillet wrapped with quince seed mucilage QSM film incorporated with 0–2%(V/V)thyme or oregano essential oil,as natural preservatives,during storage of 18 d at 4◦C were investigated.The control and wrapped fillet samples were analyzed for texture,lipid oxidation,and color characteristics.After 6 d of storage,a significantly increasing trend was observed for lipid oxidation in control samples.Peroxidation values(PV)varied for all treatments and remained lower than 8 meq/kg throughout the storage time(18 d).The lowest PV was obtained in fillets wrapped with QSM film containing 2%oregano essential oil.Compared to control samples,fillet samples wrapped with QSM films presented a significant reduction in pH after 12 d(P<0.05).L*and b*color parameters were increased while parameter a*was decreased linearly for all treatments during the storage time.展开更多
The performance of the skidder Timber jack 450 C was presented in timber skidding of non-coniferous trees in hilly and mountainous conditions. An empirical time study was conducted to evaluate the current skidding sys...The performance of the skidder Timber jack 450 C was presented in timber skidding of non-coniferous trees in hilly and mountainous conditions. An empirical time study was conducted to evaluate the current skidding system in Hyrcanian forest in northern Irma for improving production rate of skidding and finding out the production cost for planning. Based on the identified elements of skidding work phase and 130 recorded cycles, we calculated the models for effective time consumption, total productivity, and unit cost. The validity of the model was tested at 95% confidence interval. The average load volume per cycle was 2.82 m3, average one way skidding distance was 450 m, and the average slope was 18%. The average travel speed of unloaded skidder was 5.8 km.h-1, and the average speed of loaded skidder was 0.1 km.h＂~ higher than the speed of the unloaded ones. The travel speed was pre- dominantly affected by longitudinal slopes and types of strip roads. The average speed of pulling the cable was 1.16 km.h-1, and that of load winching was 0.74 km.hl. The average outputs in skidding was 10.6 m^-3.h^-1 and the unit cost was 12.1 USS per hour. The time consumption and productivity of skidding depends on distances and slope, number of logs per cycle, volume, log length, etc. However, the influence of variables is not the same.展开更多
Objective:To demonstrate seroprevalence of avian invluenza(H9N2)subtybe in broiler chickens in Northwest of Iran.Materials:A total of 310 blood samples were collected from 25 broiler flocks in slaughterhouses of West ...Objective:To demonstrate seroprevalence of avian invluenza(H9N2)subtybe in broiler chickens in Northwest of Iran.Materials:A total of 310 blood samples were collected from 25 broiler flocks in slaughterhouses of West Azarbayjan,Iran.Serum samples were subjected to haemagglutination inhibition test.Results:The test showed 40.6%of positive serums.Mean antibody titer of avian influenza virus differed between geographical locations in this survey.Conclusions:High prevalence of avian influenza virus antibodies in serum of birds emphasize that avian influenza has an important role in respiratory complexes in broiler chickens in this region,and probably throughout Iran.Biosecurity measures,monitoring and surveillance programs,and to some degree vaccination are effective tools to prevent introduction of H9N2infection and its economic losses.展开更多
In this article, we determine the multiple point set of immersions of 6-dimensional manifolds into 7-dimensional Euclidean space R7. The method is to evaluate the characteristic numbers of these manifolds. By a certai...In this article, we determine the multiple point set of immersions of 6-dimensional manifolds into 7-dimensional Euclidean space R7. The method is to evaluate the characteristic numbers of these manifolds. By a certain method, these numbers can be read of from the Hurewicz image ofh ： π7QMO（1） → H7QMO（1）.In particular, we show that for any immersion of P 6 in R7 the double, 4-fold and 6-fold point manifolds are cobordant to boundaries and triple point manifolds cobordant to P 4, 5-fold point manifolds cobordant to P 2 and 7-fold point manifold are odd number.展开更多
The quantities c（G）, q（G） and p（G） for finite groups were defined by H. Behravesh. In this article, these quantities for the alternating group An and the symmetric group Sn are calculated. It is shown that c（G...The quantities c（G）, q（G） and p（G） for finite groups were defined by H. Behravesh. In this article, these quantities for the alternating group An and the symmetric group Sn are calculated. It is shown that c（G） = q（G） = p（G） = n,when G = An or Sn.展开更多
In this study, a novel approach of the landslide numerical risk factor(LNRF) bivariate model was used in ensemble with linear multivariate regression(LMR) and boosted regression tree(BRT) models, coupled with radar re...In this study, a novel approach of the landslide numerical risk factor(LNRF) bivariate model was used in ensemble with linear multivariate regression(LMR) and boosted regression tree(BRT) models, coupled with radar remote sensing data and geographic information system(GIS), for landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM) in the Gorganroud watershed, Iran. Fifteen topographic, hydrological, geological and environmental conditioning factors and a landslide inventory(70%, or 298 landslides) were used in mapping. Phased array-type L-band synthetic aperture radar data were used to extract topographic parameters. Coefficients of tolerance and variance inflation factor were used to determine the coherence among conditioning factors. Data for the landslide inventory map were obtained from various resources, such as Iranian Landslide Working Party(ILWP), Forestry, Rangeland and Watershed Organisation(FRWO), extensive field surveys, interpretation of aerial photos and satellite images, and radar data. Of the total data, 30% were used to validate LSMs, using area under the curve(AUC), frequency ratio(FR) and seed cell area index(SCAI).Normalised difference vegetation index, land use/land cover and slope degree in BRT model elevation, rainfall and distance from stream were found to be important factors and were given the highest weightage in modelling. Validation results using AUC showed that the ensemble LNRF-BRT and LNRFLMR models(AUC = 0.912(91.2%) and 0.907(90.7%), respectively) had high predictive accuracy than the LNRF model alone(AUC = 0.855(85.5%)). The FR and SCAI analyses showed that all models divided the parameter classes with high precision. Overall, our novel approach of combining multivariate and machine learning methods with bivariate models, radar remote sensing data and GIS proved to be a powerful tool for landslide susceptibility mapping.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the biological effects ofβ-glucans in cell wall of new identified strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YG3-1 on the growth of aquatic invertebrates,in Artemia as model organism.Methods:All ...Objective:To investigate the biological effects ofβ-glucans in cell wall of new identified strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YG3-1 on the growth of aquatic invertebrates,in Artemia as model organism.Methods:All yeasts used in the present study were isolated from Rainbow trout intestine and then cultured in yeast extract-peptone-glycerol medium.Activation of β-glucan in yeasts was performed by chemical treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol(2ME)(3.5%v/v).Then nauplii and larvae individuals of Artemia urmiana and Artemia franciscana(two different species of Artemia as test organisms)were fed with 2ME-treated yeasts during the culture.At the end of experiment,after feeding individual length(total length and growth rate)in adult individuals of Artemia was measured.Results:Following this administration,growth in both species of Artemia was improved(P<0.05).So,the results showed that Artemia urmiana adults individuals that fed with 2MEtreated yeasts had the highest growth and total length.These results were confirmed with growth measurement in adult individuals of Artemia.Conclusions:This study suggested that 2ME-treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YG3-1 yeasts can be used for enhancing the growth of other aquatic invertebrates like shrimps as probiotic supplement and growth promoter.展开更多
Diatomaceous earth （DE） is a natural inert dust used to control insect pests in stored grain as an alternative to synthetic residual insecticides. Various DE formulations are now registered as a grain protectant or ...Diatomaceous earth （DE） is a natural inert dust used to control insect pests in stored grain as an alternative to synthetic residual insecticides. Various DE formulations are now registered as a grain protectant or for structural treatment in many different countries throughout the world. The mode of action of DE is through the absorption of cuticular waxes in the insect cuticle, and insect death occurs from desiccation. The main advantages of using DE are its low mammalian toxicity and its stability. The main limitations to widespread commercial use of DE are reduction of the bulk density and flowability of grain, irritant hazards during application and reduction in efficacy at high moisture contents. This paper is an updated review of published results of researches related to the use of DEs and discusses their potential use in large-scale, commercial storage and in small scale applications.展开更多
At present time,most of the enzymes are derived from biological sources,including plants,animals,microalgae,algae,and other microorganisms.Microorganism enzymes,among the others,account for the biggest part of applica...At present time,most of the enzymes are derived from biological sources,including plants,animals,microalgae,algae,and other microorganisms.Microorganism enzymes,among the others,account for the biggest part of application and demand in industries.These enzymes from soil microorganisms are very essential not only for soil fertility but also for biotechnological significance.Soil enzymes from microalage,comprising Amylase,Carbonic anhydrase,Galactosidase,Laccase,L-Asparaginase,Lipase,Peroxidase,Phytase,Protease,and Superoxide dismutase attract a considerable amount of attention for themselves in various industries.Most of the enzymes mentioned above have a great potential for their application in biotechnology and agriculture.Majority of such enzymes are known for their versatility and countless applications in various fields;thus,performing research on these enzymes in the future would be auspicious.This review paper presents an overview of the potential of soil algae enzymes in fields like biotechnology,medicine and agriculture,and also provides areas for advancement in researches related to this field.展开更多
文摘In this study quality changes of rainbow trout fillet wrapped with quince seed mucilage QSM film incorporated with 0–2%(V/V)thyme or oregano essential oil,as natural preservatives,during storage of 18 d at 4◦C were investigated.The control and wrapped fillet samples were analyzed for texture,lipid oxidation,and color characteristics.After 6 d of storage,a significantly increasing trend was observed for lipid oxidation in control samples.Peroxidation values(PV)varied for all treatments and remained lower than 8 meq/kg throughout the storage time(18 d).The lowest PV was obtained in fillets wrapped with QSM film containing 2%oregano essential oil.Compared to control samples,fillet samples wrapped with QSM films presented a significant reduction in pH after 12 d(P<0.05).L*and b*color parameters were increased while parameter a*was decreased linearly for all treatments during the storage time.
文摘The performance of the skidder Timber jack 450 C was presented in timber skidding of non-coniferous trees in hilly and mountainous conditions. An empirical time study was conducted to evaluate the current skidding system in Hyrcanian forest in northern Irma for improving production rate of skidding and finding out the production cost for planning. Based on the identified elements of skidding work phase and 130 recorded cycles, we calculated the models for effective time consumption, total productivity, and unit cost. The validity of the model was tested at 95% confidence interval. The average load volume per cycle was 2.82 m3, average one way skidding distance was 450 m, and the average slope was 18%. The average travel speed of unloaded skidder was 5.8 km.h-1, and the average speed of loaded skidder was 0.1 km.h＂~ higher than the speed of the unloaded ones. The travel speed was pre- dominantly affected by longitudinal slopes and types of strip roads. The average speed of pulling the cable was 1.16 km.h-1, and that of load winching was 0.74 km.hl. The average outputs in skidding was 10.6 m^-3.h^-1 and the unit cost was 12.1 USS per hour. The time consumption and productivity of skidding depends on distances and slope, number of logs per cycle, volume, log length, etc. However, the influence of variables is not the same.
基金Supported by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Urmia,Iran(Grant No.1254-31/3/91)
文摘Objective:To demonstrate seroprevalence of avian invluenza(H9N2)subtybe in broiler chickens in Northwest of Iran.Materials:A total of 310 blood samples were collected from 25 broiler flocks in slaughterhouses of West Azarbayjan,Iran.Serum samples were subjected to haemagglutination inhibition test.Results:The test showed 40.6%of positive serums.Mean antibody titer of avian influenza virus differed between geographical locations in this survey.Conclusions:High prevalence of avian influenza virus antibodies in serum of birds emphasize that avian influenza has an important role in respiratory complexes in broiler chickens in this region,and probably throughout Iran.Biosecurity measures,monitoring and surveillance programs,and to some degree vaccination are effective tools to prevent introduction of H9N2infection and its economic losses.
文摘In this article, we determine the multiple point set of immersions of 6-dimensional manifolds into 7-dimensional Euclidean space R7. The method is to evaluate the characteristic numbers of these manifolds. By a certain method, these numbers can be read of from the Hurewicz image ofh ： π7QMO（1） → H7QMO（1）.In particular, we show that for any immersion of P 6 in R7 the double, 4-fold and 6-fold point manifolds are cobordant to boundaries and triple point manifolds cobordant to P 4, 5-fold point manifolds cobordant to P 2 and 7-fold point manifold are odd number.
文摘The quantities c（G）, q（G） and p（G） for finite groups were defined by H. Behravesh. In this article, these quantities for the alternating group An and the symmetric group Sn are calculated. It is shown that c（G） = q（G） = p（G） = n,when G = An or Sn.
基金supported by the Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS),UTS under grant numbers 321740.2232335,323930,and 321740.2232357
文摘In this study, a novel approach of the landslide numerical risk factor(LNRF) bivariate model was used in ensemble with linear multivariate regression(LMR) and boosted regression tree(BRT) models, coupled with radar remote sensing data and geographic information system(GIS), for landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM) in the Gorganroud watershed, Iran. Fifteen topographic, hydrological, geological and environmental conditioning factors and a landslide inventory(70%, or 298 landslides) were used in mapping. Phased array-type L-band synthetic aperture radar data were used to extract topographic parameters. Coefficients of tolerance and variance inflation factor were used to determine the coherence among conditioning factors. Data for the landslide inventory map were obtained from various resources, such as Iranian Landslide Working Party(ILWP), Forestry, Rangeland and Watershed Organisation(FRWO), extensive field surveys, interpretation of aerial photos and satellite images, and radar data. Of the total data, 30% were used to validate LSMs, using area under the curve(AUC), frequency ratio(FR) and seed cell area index(SCAI).Normalised difference vegetation index, land use/land cover and slope degree in BRT model elevation, rainfall and distance from stream were found to be important factors and were given the highest weightage in modelling. Validation results using AUC showed that the ensemble LNRF-BRT and LNRFLMR models(AUC = 0.912(91.2%) and 0.907(90.7%), respectively) had high predictive accuracy than the LNRF model alone(AUC = 0.855(85.5%)). The FR and SCAI analyses showed that all models divided the parameter classes with high precision. Overall, our novel approach of combining multivariate and machine learning methods with bivariate models, radar remote sensing data and GIS proved to be a powerful tool for landslide susceptibility mapping.
基金Supported by Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute,National Artemia Research Center,Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(Grant No.SH/T/93/117).
文摘Objective:To investigate the biological effects ofβ-glucans in cell wall of new identified strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YG3-1 on the growth of aquatic invertebrates,in Artemia as model organism.Methods:All yeasts used in the present study were isolated from Rainbow trout intestine and then cultured in yeast extract-peptone-glycerol medium.Activation of β-glucan in yeasts was performed by chemical treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol(2ME)(3.5%v/v).Then nauplii and larvae individuals of Artemia urmiana and Artemia franciscana(two different species of Artemia as test organisms)were fed with 2ME-treated yeasts during the culture.At the end of experiment,after feeding individual length(total length and growth rate)in adult individuals of Artemia was measured.Results:Following this administration,growth in both species of Artemia was improved(P<0.05).So,the results showed that Artemia urmiana adults individuals that fed with 2MEtreated yeasts had the highest growth and total length.These results were confirmed with growth measurement in adult individuals of Artemia.Conclusions:This study suggested that 2ME-treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YG3-1 yeasts can be used for enhancing the growth of other aquatic invertebrates like shrimps as probiotic supplement and growth promoter.
文摘Diatomaceous earth （DE） is a natural inert dust used to control insect pests in stored grain as an alternative to synthetic residual insecticides. Various DE formulations are now registered as a grain protectant or for structural treatment in many different countries throughout the world. The mode of action of DE is through the absorption of cuticular waxes in the insect cuticle, and insect death occurs from desiccation. The main advantages of using DE are its low mammalian toxicity and its stability. The main limitations to widespread commercial use of DE are reduction of the bulk density and flowability of grain, irritant hazards during application and reduction in efficacy at high moisture contents. This paper is an updated review of published results of researches related to the use of DEs and discusses their potential use in large-scale, commercial storage and in small scale applications.
文摘At present time,most of the enzymes are derived from biological sources,including plants,animals,microalgae,algae,and other microorganisms.Microorganism enzymes,among the others,account for the biggest part of application and demand in industries.These enzymes from soil microorganisms are very essential not only for soil fertility but also for biotechnological significance.Soil enzymes from microalage,comprising Amylase,Carbonic anhydrase,Galactosidase,Laccase,L-Asparaginase,Lipase,Peroxidase,Phytase,Protease,and Superoxide dismutase attract a considerable amount of attention for themselves in various industries.Most of the enzymes mentioned above have a great potential for their application in biotechnology and agriculture.Majority of such enzymes are known for their versatility and countless applications in various fields;thus,performing research on these enzymes in the future would be auspicious.This review paper presents an overview of the potential of soil algae enzymes in fields like biotechnology,medicine and agriculture,and also provides areas for advancement in researches related to this field.
