Virtual Power Plants for Grid Resilience: A Concise Overview of Research and Applications

The power grid is undergoing a transformation from synchronous generators(SGs) toward inverter-based resources(IBRs). The stochasticity, asynchronicity, and limited-inertia characteristics of IBRs bring about challenges to grid resilience. Virtual power plants(VPPs) are emerging technologies to improve the grid resilience and advance the transformation. By judiciously aggregating geographically distributed energy resources(DERs) as individual electrical entities, VPPs can provide capacity and ancillary services to grid operations and participate in electricity wholesale markets. This paper aims to provide a concise overview of the concept and development of VPPs and the latest progresses in VPP operation, with the focus on VPP scheduling and control. Based on this overview, we identify a few potential challenges in VPP operation and discuss the opportunities of integrating the multi-agent system(MAS)-based strategy into the VPP operation to enhance its scalability, performance and resilience.

Risk factors and strategies for prevention of depression, anxiety and eating disorders among adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a review

The purpose of this review is to identify prevalent trends and risk factors in depression,anxiety,and eating disorders in the adolescent population in the post coronavirus disease 2019(COvID-19)scenario.We examined the literature published on adolescent mental health since the COVID-19 pandemic.We chose to summarize studies published from 2019 to 2022,using bibliographic search tools.We developed criteria for selecting articles for our review using diagnostic indicators and keywords.Mental health conditions such as depression,anxiety and eating disorders are commonly prevalent in this population and have shown increasing rates in the past three years.Some risk factors associated with these diagnoses include reduction in social interaction,increased workloads,routine shifts,sleep quality,social media usage and parental involvement.Routines,sleep cycles,physical activity,and social media should all be considered as a part of prevention in this population.Approaches that seem to be successful include maintaining social ties and avoiding negative social media usage with harmful content.Increased global public awareness,as well as parental awareness,through media campaigns,is critical to slowing the spread of mental health challenges in adolescents and teenagers in the post-COvID-19 era.

(Phospho)creatine:the reserve and merry-go-round of brain energetics

Creatine transporter(CrT)-deficiency,the most common form of the cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes,causes cognition impairments and severe reduction of the brain creatine(Cr)and phosphocreatine(PCr)levels,and responds poorly to oral Cr supplement as a treatment option.The ca uses of cognitive impairments in CrT-deficient children remain unclear.We recently use gene-targeting to create a mouse model of CrT-deficiency to assess the impacts of Cr/PCr deficiency on brain energetics and stress-adaptation responses(Chen et al.,2021).

Characterization of retinal ganglion cell damage at single axon bundle level in mice by visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy

Retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)receive synaptic inputs through their dendritic trees in the inner plexiform layer(IPL)and convey the visual information via their axons which form the optic nerve to the brain(Sanes and Masland,2015).In glaucoma,RGCs and their axons degenerate and die,leading to irreversible vision loss and eventually blindness if left untreated(Quigley,2016).

Development of a Bias Compensating Q-Learning Controller for a Multi-Zone HVAC Facility

We present the development of a bias compensating reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm that optimizes thermal comfort(by minimizing tracking error)and control utilization(by penalizing setpoint deviations)in a multi-zone heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)lab facility subject to unmeasurable disturbances and unknown dynamics.It is shown that the presence of unmeasurable disturbance results in an inconsistent learning equation in traditional RL controllers leading to parameter estimation bias(even with integral action support),and in the extreme case,the divergence of the learning algorithm.We demonstrate this issue by applying the popular Q-learning algorithm to linear quadratic regulation(LQR)of a multi-zone HVAC environment and showing that,even with integral support,the algorithm exhibits bias issue during the learning phase when the HVAC disturbance is unmeasurable due to unknown heat gains,occupancy variations,light sources,and outside weather changes.To address this difficulty,we present a bias compensating learning equation that learns a lumped bias term as a result of disturbances(and possibly other sources)in conjunction with the optimal control parameters.Experimental results show that the proposed scheme not only recovers the bias-free optimal control parameters but it does so without explicitly learning the dynamic model or estimating the disturbances,demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm in addressing the above challenges.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: An update in year 2012

Osteonecrosis is a phenomenon involving disruption to the vascular supply to the femoral head, resulting in articular surface collapse and eventual osteoarthritis. Although alcoholism, steroid use, and hip trauma remain the most common causes, several other etiologies for osteonecrosis have been identified. Basic science research utilizing animal models and stem cell applications continue to further elucidate the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis and promise novel treatment options in the future. Clinical studies evaluating modern joint-sparing procedures have demonstrated significant improvements in outcomes, but hip arthroplasty is still the most common procedure performed in these affected younger adults. Further advances in joint-preserving procedures are required and will be widely studied in the coming decade.

Approach to the endoscopic resection of duodenal lesions

Duodenal polyps or lesions are uncommonly found on upper endoscopy. Duodenal lesions can be categorized as subepithelial or mucosally-based, and the type of lesion often dictates the work-up and possible therapeutic options. Subepithelial lesions that can arise in the duodenum include lipomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and carcinoids. Endoscopic ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration is useful in the characterization and diagnosis of subepithelial lesions. Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors and large or multifocal carcinoids are best managed by surgical resection. Brunner's gland tumors, solitary Peutz-Jeghers polyps, and non-ampullary and ampullary adenomas are mucosally-based duodenal lesions, which can require removal and are typically amenable to endoscopic resection. Several anatomic characteristics of the duodenum make endoscopic resection of duodenal lesions challenging. However, advanced endoscopic techniques exist that enable the resection of large mucosally-based duodenal lesions. Endoscopic papillectomy is not without risk, but this procedure can effectively resect ampullary adenomas and allows patients to avoid surgery, which typically involves pancreaticoduodenectomy. Endoscopic mucosal resection and its variations(such as cap-assisted, cap-band-assisted, and underwater techniques) enable the safe and effective resection of most duodenal adenomas. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is possible but very difficult to safely perform in the duodenum.

Total hip arthroplasty in developmental dysplasia of the hip: Review of anatomy, techniques and outcomes

Total hip arthroplasty(THA) in developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) presents many challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. The complex femoral and acetabular anatomy makes standard reconstruction technically challenging. Acetabular coverage can be improved by medialization of the component or augmentation of the deficient areas with bone graft. Femoral shortening osteotomies are considered in cases of severe dysplasia and frankly dislocated hips. Each patient's unique anatomy dictates what options of reconstruction are available. The functional outcomes of THA in DDH are generally excellent, though higher rates of mechanical failure have been reported in this group. This article reviews the anatomy, classification, technical considerations, and outcomes of THA in patients with DDH.

Advances in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) is a malignancy of the bileducts that carries high morbidity and mortality. Patients with CCA typically present with obstructive jaundice, and associated complications of CCA include cholangitis and biliary sepsis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is a valuable treatment modality for patients with CCA, as it enables internal drainage of blocked bile ducts and hepatic segments by using plastic or metal stents. While there remains debate as to if bilateral(or multi-segmental) hepatic drainage is required and/or superior to unilateral drainage, the underlying tenant of draining any persistently opacified bile ducts is paramount to good ERCP practice and good clinical outcomes. Endoscopic therapy for malignant biliary strictures from CCA has advanced to include ablative therapies via ERCP-directed photodynamic therapy(PDT) or radiofrequency ablation(RFA). While ERCP techniques cannot cure CCA, advancements in the field of ERCP have enabled us to improve upon the quality of life of patients with inoperable and incurable disease. ERCP-directed PDT has been used in lieu of brachytherapy to provide neoadjuvant local tumor control in patients with CCA who are awaiting liver transplantation. Lastly, mounting evidence suggests that palliative ERCP-directed PDT, and probably ERCPdirected RFA as well, offer a survival advantage to patients with this difficult-to-treat malignancy.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia in autoimmune disease-induced

BACKGROUND:Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)in autoimmune diseases(AID)-induced immunocompromised host(ICH)had a high incidence and poor prognosis.However,only a few studies had determined the clinical characteristics of these patients.Our study was to explore the characteristics and predictors of mortality in CAP patients accompanied with AID-induced ICH.METHODS:From 2013 to 2018,a total of 94 CAP patients accompanied with AID-induced ICH,admitted to Emergency Department of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,were enrolled in this study.Clinical data and the risk regression estimates of repeated predictors were evaluated by generalized estimating equations(GEEs)analysis.An open-cohort approach was used to classify patient's outcomes into the survival or non-survival group.RESULTS:The hospital mortality of patients with CAP occurring in AID-induced ICH was 60.64%.No significant differences were found with respect to clinical symptoms and lung images between survival and non-survival groups,while renal insufficiency and dysfunction of coagulation had higher proportions in non-survival patients(P<0.05).Both noninvasive ventilation(NIV)and invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)were performed more frequently in non-survival group(P<0.05).By the multivariate GEEs analysis,the repeated measured longitudinal indices of neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)(odds ratio[OR]=1.055,95%confidence interval[95%CI]1.025–1.086),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(OR=1.004,95%CI 1.002–1.006)and serum creatinine(s Cr)(OR=1.018,95%CI 1.008–1.028),were associated with a higher risk of mortality.CONCLUSION:The CAP patients in AID-induced ICH had a high mortality.A significant relationship was demonstrated between the factors of NLR,LDH,s Cr and mortality risk in these patients.

A review of UHMWPE wear-induced osteolysis:the role for early detection of the immune response

In a world where increasing joint arthroplasties are being performed on increasingly younger patients,osteolysis as the leading cause of failure after total joint arthroplasty(TJA) has gained considerable attention.Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-induced osteolysis is the process by which prosthetic debris mechanically released from the surface of prosthetic joints induces an immune response that favors bone catabolism, resulting in loosening of prostheses with eventual failure or fracture. The immune response initiated is innate in that it is nonspecific and self-propagating, with monocytic cells and osteoclasts being the main effectors. To date, detecting disease early enough to implement effective intervention without unwanted systemic side effects has been a major barrier. These barriers can be overcome using newer in vivo imaging techniques and modules linked with fluorescence and/or chemotherapies. We discuss the pathogenesis of osteolysis, and provide discussion of the challenges with imaging and therapeutics. We describe a positron emission tomography imaging cinnamoyl-Phe-(D)-Leu-Phe-(D)-Leu-Phe-Lys module,specific to macrophages, which holds promise in early detection of disease and localization of treatment.Further research and increased collaboration among therapeutic and three-dimensional imaging researchers are essential in realizing a solution to clinical osteolysis in TJA.

Safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pregnancy: Fluoroscopy time and fetal exposure, does it matter?

AIM: To estimate the fetal radiation exposure using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's) in pregnant patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and assess its relevance. METHODS: Data on thirty-five therapeutic ERCPs conducted in pregnant patients from 2001 to 2009 were retrieved from a prospective database. Techniques to minimize fluoroscopy time were implemented and the fluoroscopy times captured. TLD's were placed on the mother to estimate the fetal radiation exposure and the results were compared to the maximum allowed dose of radiation to the fetus [0.005 gray (Gy)]. Obstetrics consultations were obtained and the fetus was monitored before and after the ERCP. Fluoroscopy wasperformed at 75 kVp. ERCP was performed with the patients supine by dedicated biliary endoscopists performing more than 500 cases a year. RESULTS: A total of 35 pregnant patients underwent ERCP and biliary sphincterotomy (14 in first trimester, 11 in second trimester, and 10 in third trimester). Mean maternal age was 25 years (range 16-37 years) and mean gestational age was 18.9 wk (range 4-35 wk). Mean fluoroscopy time was 0.15 min (range 0-1 min). For 23 women, the estimated fetal radiation exposure was almost negligible (< 0.0001 Gy) while for 8 women, it was within the 0.0001-0.0002 Gy range. Three women had an estimated fetal radiation exposure between 0.0002 and 0.0005 Gy and 1 woman had an estimated fetal radiation exposure greater than 0.0005 Gy. Complications included 2 post-sphincterotomy bleeds, 2 post-ERCP pancreatitis, and 1 fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. One patient developed cholecystitis 2 d after ERCP. CONCLUSION: ERCP with modified techniques is safe during pregnancy, and estimating the fetal radiation exposure from the fluoroscopy time or measuring it via TLD's is unnecessary.

Identification of epididymis-specific transcripts in the mouse and rat by transcriptional profiling

作为我们在 theepididymis 识别新奇避孕目标的努力的部分，我们执行了分别地，用 Affymetrix 全部染色体在每老鼠的 10 和 19 个片断上介绍 drat epididymidis 的 transcriptional 微数组。当在分割的老鼠和老鼠附睾被表示，代表抄本的 17 096 和 16360 个探查集合的一个总数被识别 transcriptomes 分别地。对 transcriptional 介绍数据库从 22 另外的鼠标纸巾导出的一个鼠标的表示鼠科的抄本的比较识别了在附睾特别地被表示的 77transcripts。这些基因的表达式被反向的抄写进一步计算 RNA from21 老鼠纸巾的聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR ) 分析。RT-PCR 分析证实了 Defensin 贝它 13 的 epididymis 特定的表示并且识别了二另外的基因，表示仅仅限制了为附睾和睾丸。在有从介绍数据库的老鼠 transcriptional 的 21 另外的纸巾的数据的老鼠附睾的 16 360 个表示抄本的比较为 theepididymis 识别了 110 抄本 specific。62 个这些抄本被 qPCR 分析进一步调查。仅仅 Defensin22 (E3 附睾的蛋白质) 被显示为附睾完全特定。另外， 14transcripts 在附睾多于 100 褶层显示出选择表示。这些基因的产品可能在附睾起重要作用或精子工作并且当避孕目标被保证，推进调查和确认。在这份报告描述的研究的结果在哺乳动物的繁殖遗传(MRG ) 数据库(http://mrg.genetics.washington.edu/) 是可得到的。

Sodium modification of zirconia catalysts for ethanol coupling to 1-butanol

The influences of adding sodium to zirconia on the acid-base properties of the surface and on the catalytic conversion of ethanol and acetone were investigated. The rates of ethanol dehydration, dehydrogenation and coupling were evaluated in a fixed-bed flow reactor operating at temperatures from 613 to 673 K. The rate of acetone condensation was evaluated in the same reactor operating at 473 573 K. Addition of 1.0 wt% Na to ZrO2 decreased the rate of ethanol dehydration by more than an order of magnitude, which was consistent with a neutralization of acid sites evaluated by ammonia adsorption microcalorimetry. Addition of 1.0 wt% Na to ZrO2 also increased the base site density quantified by carbon dioxide adsorption microcalorimetry and the rate of acetone condensation. Although the rate of ethanol coupling was not increased by the addition of Na, the overall selectivity of ethanol to butanol was improved over the 1.0 wt% Na/ZrO2 sample because of the significant inhibition of ethanol dehydration.

Surgical treatment of Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Comparison of anterior vs posterior approach

AIM To compare the posterior vs anterior approaches for fusion of Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves,matched for curve magnitude and for the distal level of fixation(dLOF) standardized to the third lumbar vertebrae(L3).METHODS A prospectively collected multicenter database was used for this retrospective comparative study. Our dependent variables included sagittal and coronal radiographic measurements, number of fused vertebrae, estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization and SRS total and individual domain scores at the two-year follow-up. Subject demographics were similar for all group comparisons.Independent t-test was used to compare groups for all analyses at P < 0.01.RESULTS For all matched cases of Lenke 5 curves, a selective approach was used only 50% of the time in cases undergoing a posterior fusion. When comparing a posterior selective approach to an anterior selective approach,surgeons utilizing a posterior approach fused significantly more levels than surgeons using an anterior approach with no other significant differences in radiographic or SRS outcomes(Ant = 4.8 ± 1.0 levels vs post = 6.1 ± 1.0 levels, P < 0.0001). When the dLOF was standardized to L3, the anterior approached provided significantly greater lumbar Cobb percent correction than the posterior approach(Ant = 69.1% ± 12.6% vs post =54.6% ± 16.4%, P = 0.004), with no other significant radiographic or SRS score differences between approaches.CONCLUSION Surgeons treating Lenke 5c curves with a posterior instrumentation and fusion vs an anterior approach include more motion segments, even with a selective fusion. When controlled for the distal level of fixation,the anterior approach provides greater correction of the thoracolumbar curve.

Attenuation of gastric mucosal inflammation induced by aspirin through activation of A_(2A) adenosine receptor in rats

瞄准：决定特定的腺苷 A (2A ) 受体收缩筋(ATL-146e ) 是否能改善在老鼠的导致阿司匹林的胃的粘膜损害，和还原剂 neutrophil 累积和支持 inflammatory cytokines.METHODS 的生产：胃的损害被阿司匹林(200 mg/kg ) 和 HCl 的口头的管饲法生产(0.15 mol/L， 8.0 mL/kg ) 。4-{3-[6-Amino-9-(5-ethylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl )-9H- purin-2-yl ]-prop-2-ynyl}-cyclohexanecarboxylic 酸甲基酉旨(ATL-146e， 2.5-5 mug/kg， IP ) 被注射在阿司匹林的管理前的 30 min。在胃粘膜的织物 myeloperoxidase (军邮局) 集中作为嗜中性的渗入的一个索引被测量。肿瘤坏死 factor-alpha (TNF-alpha ) 和 interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta ) 的胃的粘膜集中被 ELISA 决定。另外，我们在织物上检验了 ATL-146e 的效果前列腺素Ｅ－２(PGE2 ) 生产和胃的 secretion.RESULTS：阿司匹林的胃内管理在老鼠胃粘膜导致了多重出血性的侵蚀。在控制老鼠的胃的侵蚀(溃疡索引) 的全部的长度是 29.8+/-7.75 公里并且与 5.0 g/kg ATL-146e (P【0.01 ) 在预告的处理以后被归结为 3.8+/-1.42 公里。军邮局和支持 inflammatory cytokines 的胃的内容都在阿司匹林的管理以后被增加并且由 ATL-146e 归结为将近正常的层次。胃的粘膜 PGE2 集中没被 ATL-146e.CONCLUSION 的腹膜内注射影响：特定的腺苷 A (2A ) 受体收缩筋， ATL-146e，有势力反溃疡效果大概由它的反煽动性的性质调停了。

Current concepts in management of femoroacetabular impingement

Femoroacetabular impingement(FAI)is an increasingly recognized condition,which is believed to contribute to degenerative changes of the hip.This correlation has led to a great deal of interested in diagnosis and treatment of FAI.FAI can be divided into two groups:cam and pincer type impingement.FAI can lead to chondral and labral pathologies,that if left untreated,can progress rapidly to osteoarthritis.The diagnosis of FAI involves a detailed history,physical exam,and radiographs of the pelvis.Surgical treatment is indicated in anatomic variants known to cause FAI.The primary goal of surgical treatment is to increase joint clearance and decrease destructive forces being transmitted through the joint.Treatment has been evolving rapidly over the past decade and includes three primary techniques:open surgical dislocation,mini-open,and arthroscopic surgery.Open surgical dislocation is a technique for dislocating the femoral head from the acetabulum with a low risk of avascular necrosis in orderto reshape the neck or acetabular rim to improve joint clearance.Mini-open treatment is performed using the distal portion of an anterior approach to the hip to visualize and to correct acetabular and femoral head and neck junction deformities.This does not involve frank dislocation.Recently,arthroscopic treatment has gained popularity.This however does have a steep learning curve and is best done by an experienced surgeon.Short-to mid-term results have shown relatively equal success with all techniques in patients with no or only mild evidence of degenerative changes.Additionally,all techniques have demonstrated low rates of complications.

Distributed Cooperative Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids

The control of battery energy storage systems(BESSs)plays an important role in the management of microgrids.In this paper,the problem of balancing the state-ofcharge(SoC)of the networked battery units in a BESS while meeting the total charging/discharging power requirement is formulated and solved as a distributed control problem.Conditions on the communication topology among the battery units are established under which a control law is designed for each battery unit to solve the control problem based on distributed average reference power estimators and distributed average unit state estimators.Two types of estimators are proposed.One achieves asymptotic estimation and the other achieves finite time estimation.We show that,under the proposed control laws,SoC balancing of all battery units is achieved and the total charging/discharging power of the BESS tracks the desired power.A simulation example is shown to verify the theoretical results.

Current debate in the oncologic management of rectal cancer

Despite the considerable amount of research in the field,the management of locally advanced rectal cancer remains a subject to debate.To date,effective treatment centers on surgical resection with the standard approach of total mesorectal resection.Radiation therapy and chemotherapy have been incorporated in order to decrease local and systemic recurrence.While it is accepted that a multimodality treatment regimen is indicated,there remains significant debate for how best to accomplish this in regards to order,dosing,and choice of agents.Preoperative radiation is the standard of care,yet remains debated with the option for chemoradiation,short course radiation,and even ongoing studies looking at the possibility of leaving radiation out altogether.Chemotherapy was traditionally incorporated in the adjuvant setting,but recent reports suggest the possibility of improved efficacy and tolerance when given upfront.In this review,the major studies in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer will be discussed.In addition,future directions will be considered such as the role of immunotherapy and ongoing trials looking at timing of chemotherapy,inclusion of radiation,and nonoperative management.

Segment boundaries of the adult rat epididymis limit interstitial signaling by potential paracrine factors and segments lose differential gene expression after efferent duct ligation

附睾被划分成头，语料库和尾区域，把结缔组织氏族分开的片断组织成 intraregional 一(CTS ) 。在成年老鼠和老鼠，这些片断高度被区分。这些片断的规定由 endocrine， lumicrineand paracrine 因素，哪个在调查下面留下的相对重要性。这里，到限制在空隙的分隔空间发信号的 CTS 的能力是被考察在同侧的部分 transcriptionalprofiles 上是 15 天单方的输出管结扎(EDL ) 的效果。表皮的生长因素( EDF )的内部部分的 microperifusions ，脉管的 endothelialgrowth 因素( VEGFA )和成纤维细胞生长因素( FGF2 ) 2 在片断增加了 mitogenactivated 蛋白质激酶( MAPK )的磷酸化 1 只老鼠和 2 附睾和所有因素的效果被分开片断的 CTS 限制。部分基因表示的 Microarray 分析在老鼠片断 1-4 的 transcriptome 宽的基因表示上决定了 15 天单方的 EDL 的效果。超过 11 000 基因在 1 回答了到阴囊的 lumicrine 因素的剥夺的片断在每四个片断和超过 2 000 个抄本被表示。分割 1 控制纸巾和 2 不同的大多数抄写联盟者和 EDL 被有它在那里的最大的效果。当 lumicrine 因素不在时，所有四分割 regressed 到 atranscriptionally 无差别的状态，与少些区分的组织学一致。lumicrine 因素的剥夺还能在一些片断刺激单个基因的表示在其它压制它。如此的结果比通常被欣赏揭示 ratepididymal 片断的规定的更高的复杂性。