In recent years, the collective motion properties of global rotation of the symmetric colliding system in relativistic energies have been investigated. In addition, the initial geometrical shape effects on the collect...In recent years, the collective motion properties of global rotation of the symmetric colliding system in relativistic energies have been investigated. In addition, the initial geometrical shape effects on the collective flows have been explored using a hydrodynamical model, a transport model, etc. In this work, we study the asymmetric ^(12)C+^(197)Au collision at 200 GeV/c and the effect of the exotic nuclear structure on the global rotation using a multi-phase transport model. The global angular momentum and averaged angular speed were calculated and discussed for the collision system at different evolution stages.展开更多
Neurosurgery. 2008 Apr;62(4):753-64; discussion 264-246.OBJECTIVE: There is still no general consensus in the literature regarding the role of extent of glioma resection in im-proving patient outcome. Although the imp...Neurosurgery. 2008 Apr;62(4):753-64; discussion 264-246.OBJECTIVE: There is still no general consensus in the literature regarding the role of extent of glioma resection in im-proving patient outcome. Although the importance of resection in obtaining tissue diagnosis and alleviating symptoms is clear,展开更多
Targeted genome modifications with the Cas9/gRNA system derived from the clustered regularly interspaced short palin- dromic repeat/CRISPR-associated （CRISPR/Cas） system have been successfully used in cultured human...Targeted genome modifications with the Cas9/gRNA system derived from the clustered regularly interspaced short palin- dromic repeat/CRISPR-associated （CRISPR/Cas） system have been successfully used in cultured human cells as well as in most model organisms, including zebrafish （Danio rerio）, mouse, and fruit fly （Chang et al., 2013; Cong et al., 2013; Gratz et al., 2013; Hwang et al., 2013; Jao et al., 2013; Shen et al., 2013; Wei et al., 2013）. Its application in zebrafish is particu- larly attractive due to the ease of handling this organism and the simple application of this method by direct injection of Cas9/ gRNA. However, the information about its specificity in this organism is very limited and needs further evaluation. In addition, it is conceivable that a Cas9 mRNA optimized for zebrafish codon preference could enhance its activity.展开更多
Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation（CALI） is a technique that uses photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species to acutely inactivate target proteins in living cells.Neural development includes highly dynam...Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation（CALI） is a technique that uses photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species to acutely inactivate target proteins in living cells.Neural development includes highly dynamic cellular processes such as asymmetric cell division,migration,axon and dendrite outgrowth and synaptogenesis.Although many key molecules of neural development have been identified since the past decades,their spatiotemporal contributions to these cellular events are not well understood.CALI provides an appealing tool for elucidating the precise functions of these molecules during neural development.In this review,we summarize the principles of CALI,a recent microscopic setup to perform CALI experiments,and the application of CALI to the study of growth-cone motility and neuroblast asymmetric division.展开更多
Background It is unclear to what extent the ＂Glagov phenomenon＂ occurs in transplant coronary artery disease （TCAD）. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between intimal hyperplasia and com...Background It is unclear to what extent the ＂Glagov phenomenon＂ occurs in transplant coronary artery disease （TCAD）. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between intimal hyperplasia and compensatory enlargement in TCAD. Methods Intravascular ultrasound imaging was performed on 190 cardiac transplant recipients at （1.4±0.6） months and again （12.1±0.7） months after cardiac transplantation. Studies 1 year apart were matched at 625 sites. There were 545 coronary artery sites that had an increase in intimal area 〉10% from baseline to one year, and this comprised the data set of the present study. Results At the first year, 91% of coronary artery sites with intimal growth had a total cross-sectional area stenosis ≤40%, but 38% of the sites showed a decrease of 〉10% in lumen area. Receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that the change in cross-sectional area stenosis cut-off level at year 1 was 8% with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 82% in predicting lumen loss. At a total cross-sectional area stenosis of 20%, sensitivity was 65% with a specificity of 81% in predicting lumen loss. Conclusions In TCAD, vessel enlargement as a compensatory mechanism for plaque growth is generally inadequate. Instead of continued vessel expansion, luminal narrowing develops when there is more than 8% cross-sectional area filled with intimal hyperplasia. In distinction to native coronary artery atherosclerotic disease, the transition point in transplant vasculopathy where the lumen is diminished by increasing intimal growth, occurs at a lower threshold, 20% vs 40% of vessel crossectional area.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the design of a memory bit to minimize the energy required to write data at the bit level. By straining a ferromagnetic nickel nano-dot by means of a piezoel...The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the design of a memory bit to minimize the energy required to write data at the bit level. By straining a ferromagnetic nickel nano-dot by means of a piezoelectric substrate, its magnetization vector rotates between two stable states defined as a 1 and 0 for digital memory. The memory bit geometry, actuation mechanism and voltage control law were used as design variables. The approach used was to decompose the overall design process into simpler sub-problems whose structure can be exploited for a more efficient solution. This method minimizes the number of fully dynamic coupled finite element analyses required to converge to a near optimal design, thus decreasing the computational time for the design process. An in-plane sample design problem is presented to illustrate the advantages and flexibility of the procedure.展开更多
Some of the current concrete damage plasticity models in the literature employ a single damage variable for both the tension and compression regimes,while a few more advanced models employ two damage variables.Models ...Some of the current concrete damage plasticity models in the literature employ a single damage variable for both the tension and compression regimes,while a few more advanced models employ two damage variables.Models with a single variable have an inherent dificulty in accounting for the damage accrued due to tensile and compressive actions in appropriately different manners,and their mutual dependencies.In the current models that adopt two damage variables,the independence of these damage variables during cyclic loading results in the failure to capture the effects of tensile damage on the compressive behavior of concrete and vice-versa.This study presents a cyclic model established by extending an existing monotonic constitutive model.The model describes the cyclic behavior of concrete under multiaxial loading conditions and considers the influence of tensile/compressive damage on the compressive/tensile response.The proposed model,dubbed the enhanced concrete damage plasticity model(ECDPM),is an extension of an existing model that combines the theories of classical plasticity and continuum damage mechanics.Unlike most prior studies on models in the same category,the performance of the proposed ECDPM is evaluated using experimental data on concrete specimens at the material level obtained under cyclic multiaxial loading conditions including uniaxial tension and confined compression.The performance of the model is observed to be satisfactory.Furthermore,the superiority of ECDPM over three previously proposed constitutive models is demonstrated through comparisons with the results of a uniaxial tension-compression test and a virtual test.展开更多
This essay explores recent incursions into comparative modalities and highlights how global comparative literature better reflects the ways in which borders and mobility have become definingelementsof the21stcentury.H...This essay explores recent incursions into comparative modalities and highlights how global comparative literature better reflects the ways in which borders and mobility have become definingelementsof the21stcentury.However,thehumanities remainunderattack.Recent openings towards decolonizing the curriculum and strengtheningsynergies between various social justice approaches may prove fruitfulin coordinating defenses.Todayconomic and historical circumstances are such that it has become increasingly hard to think of literary traditions in monolithic terms since globalization has dramatically transformed the circulation of literary works In our understanding,a comparativist is not necessarily invested either in demonstrating the intrinsic connections between cultural or literary objects as traditional practitioners of comparative literature have been,or committed to disclosing incommensurable differences,as postcolonial comparativists have been Instead,the comparative frame of mind is defined by the fundamental insight that any cultural product or production is inherently heterogeneous and hence requires no external object of comparison Put otherwise,a comparative frame of mind does not require the co-presence of two or more cultural or literary archives in practicing comparative literature,for any single object can be read in relation to,oreven against,itsowncontext.Likewise,languagesarenot,andshould notbeconsidered monolithic entities Rather,they are historical containers,mobile vessels that transport perpetually evolving references and symbols across borders,the portals and vectors that allow for multi-dimensional cultural and linguistic expression.We therefore argue that the persistent privileging of multi-lingual fluency as the raison d'etre of comparative literature needs to be relinquished,and that instead one needs to embrace the idea that one can bea comparatist withinasingle language.In other words,we argue that comparison is as relevant within diverse national traditions as it is between them.展开更多
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFE0100900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11421505,11220101005,11775288,and U1232206)+2 种基金the Major State Basic Research Development Program in China(No.2014CB845400)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the CAS(No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH002)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDPB09)
文摘In recent years, the collective motion properties of global rotation of the symmetric colliding system in relativistic energies have been investigated. In addition, the initial geometrical shape effects on the collective flows have been explored using a hydrodynamical model, a transport model, etc. In this work, we study the asymmetric ^(12)C+^(197)Au collision at 200 GeV/c and the effect of the exotic nuclear structure on the global rotation using a multi-phase transport model. The global angular momentum and averaged angular speed were calculated and discussed for the collision system at different evolution stages.
文摘Neurosurgery. 2008 Apr;62(4):753-64; discussion 264-246.OBJECTIVE: There is still no general consensus in the literature regarding the role of extent of glioma resection in im-proving patient outcome. Although the importance of resection in obtaining tissue diagnosis and alleviating symptoms is clear,
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31110103904)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2011CBA01000 and 2012CB945101)
文摘Targeted genome modifications with the Cas9/gRNA system derived from the clustered regularly interspaced short palin- dromic repeat/CRISPR-associated （CRISPR/Cas） system have been successfully used in cultured human cells as well as in most model organisms, including zebrafish （Danio rerio）, mouse, and fruit fly （Chang et al., 2013; Cong et al., 2013; Gratz et al., 2013; Hwang et al., 2013; Jao et al., 2013; Shen et al., 2013; Wei et al., 2013）. Its application in zebrafish is particu- larly attractive due to the ease of handling this organism and the simple application of this method by direct injection of Cas9/ gRNA. However, the information about its specificity in this organism is very limited and needs further evaluation. In addition, it is conceivable that a Cas9 mRNA optimized for zebrafish codon preference could enhance its activity.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) to W.L.and G.O.(2012CB966800 and 2012CB945002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China to W.L.and G.O.(31101002,31171295 and 31190063)the Junior Thousand Talents Program of China to G.O
文摘Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation（CALI） is a technique that uses photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species to acutely inactivate target proteins in living cells.Neural development includes highly dynamic cellular processes such as asymmetric cell division,migration,axon and dendrite outgrowth and synaptogenesis.Although many key molecules of neural development have been identified since the past decades,their spatiotemporal contributions to these cellular events are not well understood.CALI provides an appealing tool for elucidating the precise functions of these molecules during neural development.In this review,we summarize the principles of CALI,a recent microscopic setup to perform CALI experiments,and the application of CALI to the study of growth-cone motility and neuroblast asymmetric division.
文摘Background It is unclear to what extent the ＂Glagov phenomenon＂ occurs in transplant coronary artery disease （TCAD）. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between intimal hyperplasia and compensatory enlargement in TCAD. Methods Intravascular ultrasound imaging was performed on 190 cardiac transplant recipients at （1.4±0.6） months and again （12.1±0.7） months after cardiac transplantation. Studies 1 year apart were matched at 625 sites. There were 545 coronary artery sites that had an increase in intimal area 〉10% from baseline to one year, and this comprised the data set of the present study. Results At the first year, 91% of coronary artery sites with intimal growth had a total cross-sectional area stenosis ≤40%, but 38% of the sites showed a decrease of 〉10% in lumen area. Receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that the change in cross-sectional area stenosis cut-off level at year 1 was 8% with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 82% in predicting lumen loss. At a total cross-sectional area stenosis of 20%, sensitivity was 65% with a specificity of 81% in predicting lumen loss. Conclusions In TCAD, vessel enlargement as a compensatory mechanism for plaque growth is generally inadequate. Instead of continued vessel expansion, luminal narrowing develops when there is more than 8% cross-sectional area filled with intimal hyperplasia. In distinction to native coronary artery atherosclerotic disease, the transition point in transplant vasculopathy where the lumen is diminished by increasing intimal growth, occurs at a lower threshold, 20% vs 40% of vessel crossectional area.
文摘The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the design of a memory bit to minimize the energy required to write data at the bit level. By straining a ferromagnetic nickel nano-dot by means of a piezoelectric substrate, its magnetization vector rotates between two stable states defined as a 1 and 0 for digital memory. The memory bit geometry, actuation mechanism and voltage control law were used as design variables. The approach used was to decompose the overall design process into simpler sub-problems whose structure can be exploited for a more efficient solution. This method minimizes the number of fully dynamic coupled finite element analyses required to converge to a near optimal design, thus decreasing the computational time for the design process. An in-plane sample design problem is presented to illustrate the advantages and flexibility of the procedure.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support of this study by the Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation,which funded the first author's short-term visit to UCLA during the course of this study.
文摘Some of the current concrete damage plasticity models in the literature employ a single damage variable for both the tension and compression regimes,while a few more advanced models employ two damage variables.Models with a single variable have an inherent dificulty in accounting for the damage accrued due to tensile and compressive actions in appropriately different manners,and their mutual dependencies.In the current models that adopt two damage variables,the independence of these damage variables during cyclic loading results in the failure to capture the effects of tensile damage on the compressive behavior of concrete and vice-versa.This study presents a cyclic model established by extending an existing monotonic constitutive model.The model describes the cyclic behavior of concrete under multiaxial loading conditions and considers the influence of tensile/compressive damage on the compressive/tensile response.The proposed model,dubbed the enhanced concrete damage plasticity model(ECDPM),is an extension of an existing model that combines the theories of classical plasticity and continuum damage mechanics.Unlike most prior studies on models in the same category,the performance of the proposed ECDPM is evaluated using experimental data on concrete specimens at the material level obtained under cyclic multiaxial loading conditions including uniaxial tension and confined compression.The performance of the model is observed to be satisfactory.Furthermore,the superiority of ECDPM over three previously proposed constitutive models is demonstrated through comparisons with the results of a uniaxial tension-compression test and a virtual test.
文摘This essay explores recent incursions into comparative modalities and highlights how global comparative literature better reflects the ways in which borders and mobility have become definingelementsof the21stcentury.However,thehumanities remainunderattack.Recent openings towards decolonizing the curriculum and strengtheningsynergies between various social justice approaches may prove fruitfulin coordinating defenses.Todayconomic and historical circumstances are such that it has become increasingly hard to think of literary traditions in monolithic terms since globalization has dramatically transformed the circulation of literary works In our understanding,a comparativist is not necessarily invested either in demonstrating the intrinsic connections between cultural or literary objects as traditional practitioners of comparative literature have been,or committed to disclosing incommensurable differences,as postcolonial comparativists have been Instead,the comparative frame of mind is defined by the fundamental insight that any cultural product or production is inherently heterogeneous and hence requires no external object of comparison Put otherwise,a comparative frame of mind does not require the co-presence of two or more cultural or literary archives in practicing comparative literature,for any single object can be read in relation to,oreven against,itsowncontext.Likewise,languagesarenot,andshould notbeconsidered monolithic entities Rather,they are historical containers,mobile vessels that transport perpetually evolving references and symbols across borders,the portals and vectors that allow for multi-dimensional cultural and linguistic expression.We therefore argue that the persistent privileging of multi-lingual fluency as the raison d'etre of comparative literature needs to be relinquished,and that instead one needs to embrace the idea that one can bea comparatist withinasingle language.In other words,we argue that comparison is as relevant within diverse national traditions as it is between them.
