DNA ploidy of 57 gastric carcinomas with metastases(12 liver,1 adrenal,4 ovary and 48 lymph node) were measured by flow cytometry.DNA anueploidy was significantly related to liver metastases:9 out of 12 gastric carcin...DNA ploidy of 57 gastric carcinomas with metastases(12 liver,1 adrenal,4 ovary and 48 lymph node) were measured by flow cytometry.DNA anueploidy was significantly related to liver metastases:9 out of 12 gastric carcinomas with liver metastases were anueploid(75%) as compared to 13 out of 45(28.8%) of cases without liver metastases(P<0.01);the one gastric carcinoma with adrenal metastasis was also anueploid.DNA ploidy was not related to ovarian or lymph node metastases.Another interesting finding was that all of 3 gastric carcinomas with liver metastases which showed a diploid DNA pattern,expressed p53 protein, while all of 3 carcinomas with liver metastases but no p53 protein expression were anueploid.The expression of p53 protein was not related to ovarian metastases.The results suggested that an anueploid DNA pattern and the expression of p53 protein are both objective markers valuable in predicting high risk potential of metastases to the liver,and that the combined detection of these markers can be a most useful method in the follow-up of Patients with gastric carcinoma in detecting those at high risk of developing metastases following surgical resection.Also the poorer prognosis of Patients with gastric carcinoma showing an anueploid DNA pattern may be related to the development of distant organ metastases through the blood vascular system.Furthermore,the clone of gastric carcinoma cells which accumulate p53protein or show an anueploid DNA pattern may have a causative role in the development of liver(&.adrenal) metastases.展开更多
Prenitridation of the TiBx coating surface of the Sigma SM1240 SiC fiber can form more stable compounds at the surface and obstruct the release of boron atoms into the Ti-based alloy matrix. The effect of nitridation ...Prenitridation of the TiBx coating surface of the Sigma SM1240 SiC fiber can form more stable compounds at the surface and obstruct the release of boron atoms into the Ti-based alloy matrix. The effect of nitridation on the tensile strength of the fiber was investigated in this work. Nitridation could degrade the tensile strength of the SiC fiber if the treating temperature and time are not optimized. The chemical reaction between the W core and SiC and the modification of fiber microstructure during the nitridation are responsible for the degradation in strength. The strength can be maintained by further optimization of the treating temperature and time. Therefore, stabilizing the surface of TiBx coating and hence the interface of the SiCf/Ti composite by the nitridation of the SiC fiber is a feasible technique for practical applications.展开更多
This paper investigates the current situation and main reasons for the massive circulationof Chinas national currency, the renminbi (RMB), in Chinas neighboring economies. Itindicates that the expansive use of RMB in ...This paper investigates the current situation and main reasons for the massive circulationof Chinas national currency, the renminbi (RMB), in Chinas neighboring economies. Itindicates that the expansive use of RMB in Asia is the beginning of the process of RMBinternationalization. This process is being driven by a strong Chinese economy and increasedinvestors confidence in RMB. Internationalization of RMB is a high priority for the Chinesegovernment and the management of this process should depend upon a cost and benefitanalysis of the various options available. At present, due to the developing nature of theChinese economy, the internationalization of RMB is restricted to the Southeast Asia. Evenso, this regionalization will impact Chinas current capital control regime directly. In orderto eliminate the financial risks involved, transition measures should be prudentlyimplemented. To be most effective the government should coordinate the processes ofregionalization and convertibility of RMB.展开更多
A new approach to domain-specific reasoning is presented that is based on a type-theoretic logical framework (LF) but does not require the user to be an expert in type theory. The concepts of the domain and its relate...A new approach to domain-specific reasoning is presented that is based on a type-theoretic logical framework (LF) but does not require the user to be an expert in type theory. The concepts of the domain and its related reasoning systems are formalized in LF, but the user works with the system through a syntax and interface appropriate to his/her work. A middle layer provides translation between the user syntax and LF, and allows additional support for reasoning (e.g., model checking). Thus, the complexity of the logical framework is hidden but the benefits of using type theory and its related tools are retained, such as precision and machine-checkable proofs. This approach is investigated through a number of case studies: here, the authors consider the verification of properties of concurrency. The authors have formalized a specification language (CCS) and logic (μ-calculus) in LF, together with useful lemmas, and a user-oriented syntax has been designed. The authors demonstrate the approach with simple examples. However, applying lemmas to objects introduced by the user may result in framework-level objects which cannot be translated back to the user level. The authors discuss this problem, define a notion of adequacy, and prove that in this case study, translation can always be reversed.展开更多
A numerical analysis of non-Newtonian fluid flow in non-planar artery withbifurcation was performed by using a finite element method to solve the three-dimensionalNavier-Stokes equations coupled with the non-Newtonian...A numerical analysis of non-Newtonian fluid flow in non-planar artery withbifurcation was performed by using a finite element method to solve the three-dimensionalNavier-Stokes equations coupled with the non-Newtonian constitutive models, including Carreau, Crossand Bingham models. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of . thenon-Newtonian properties of blood as well as curvature and out-of-plane geometry in the non-planardaughter vessels on the velocity distribution and wall shear stress. The results of this studysupport the view that the non-planarity of blood vessels and the non-Newtonian properties of bloodare of important in hemodynamics and play a significant role in vascular biology andpathophysiology.展开更多
文摘DNA ploidy of 57 gastric carcinomas with metastases(12 liver,1 adrenal,4 ovary and 48 lymph node) were measured by flow cytometry.DNA anueploidy was significantly related to liver metastases:9 out of 12 gastric carcinomas with liver metastases were anueploid(75%) as compared to 13 out of 45(28.8%) of cases without liver metastases(P<0.01);the one gastric carcinoma with adrenal metastasis was also anueploid.DNA ploidy was not related to ovarian or lymph node metastases.Another interesting finding was that all of 3 gastric carcinomas with liver metastases which showed a diploid DNA pattern,expressed p53 protein, while all of 3 carcinomas with liver metastases but no p53 protein expression were anueploid.The expression of p53 protein was not related to ovarian metastases.The results suggested that an anueploid DNA pattern and the expression of p53 protein are both objective markers valuable in predicting high risk potential of metastases to the liver,and that the combined detection of these markers can be a most useful method in the follow-up of Patients with gastric carcinoma in detecting those at high risk of developing metastases following surgical resection.Also the poorer prognosis of Patients with gastric carcinoma showing an anueploid DNA pattern may be related to the development of distant organ metastases through the blood vascular system.Furthermore,the clone of gastric carcinoma cells which accumulate p53protein or show an anueploid DNA pattern may have a causative role in the development of liver(&.adrenal) metastases.
基金The authors wish to thank the Royal Society, UK, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for sponsoring a joint project-Grant No.761. The nitridation of the SiC fiber (Sigma SM1240) was carried out at QM, University of London, UK. Supply of the SiC fiber by
文摘Prenitridation of the TiBx coating surface of the Sigma SM1240 SiC fiber can form more stable compounds at the surface and obstruct the release of boron atoms into the Ti-based alloy matrix. The effect of nitridation on the tensile strength of the fiber was investigated in this work. Nitridation could degrade the tensile strength of the SiC fiber if the treating temperature and time are not optimized. The chemical reaction between the W core and SiC and the modification of fiber microstructure during the nitridation are responsible for the degradation in strength. The strength can be maintained by further optimization of the treating temperature and time. Therefore, stabilizing the surface of TiBx coating and hence the interface of the SiCf/Ti composite by the nitridation of the SiC fiber is a feasible technique for practical applications.
文摘This paper investigates the current situation and main reasons for the massive circulationof Chinas national currency, the renminbi (RMB), in Chinas neighboring economies. Itindicates that the expansive use of RMB in Asia is the beginning of the process of RMBinternationalization. This process is being driven by a strong Chinese economy and increasedinvestors confidence in RMB. Internationalization of RMB is a high priority for the Chinesegovernment and the management of this process should depend upon a cost and benefitanalysis of the various options available. At present, due to the developing nature of theChinese economy, the internationalization of RMB is restricted to the Southeast Asia. Evenso, this regionalization will impact Chinas current capital control regime directly. In orderto eliminate the financial risks involved, transition measures should be prudentlyimplemented. To be most effective the government should coordinate the processes ofregionalization and convertibility of RMB.
文摘A new approach to domain-specific reasoning is presented that is based on a type-theoretic logical framework (LF) but does not require the user to be an expert in type theory. The concepts of the domain and its related reasoning systems are formalized in LF, but the user works with the system through a syntax and interface appropriate to his/her work. A middle layer provides translation between the user syntax and LF, and allows additional support for reasoning (e.g., model checking). Thus, the complexity of the logical framework is hidden but the benefits of using type theory and its related tools are retained, such as precision and machine-checkable proofs. This approach is investigated through a number of case studies: here, the authors consider the verification of properties of concurrency. The authors have formalized a specification language (CCS) and logic (μ-calculus) in LF, together with useful lemmas, and a user-oriented syntax has been designed. The authors demonstrate the approach with simple examples. However, applying lemmas to objects introduced by the user may result in framework-level objects which cannot be translated back to the user level. The authors discuss this problem, define a notion of adequacy, and prove that in this case study, translation can always be reversed.
文摘A numerical analysis of non-Newtonian fluid flow in non-planar artery withbifurcation was performed by using a finite element method to solve the three-dimensionalNavier-Stokes equations coupled with the non-Newtonian constitutive models, including Carreau, Crossand Bingham models. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of . thenon-Newtonian properties of blood as well as curvature and out-of-plane geometry in the non-planardaughter vessels on the velocity distribution and wall shear stress. The results of this studysupport the view that the non-planarity of blood vessels and the non-Newtonian properties of bloodare of important in hemodynamics and play a significant role in vascular biology andpathophysiology.
