Purpose:To set up the Sharma’s chronic intraocular hypertension model and investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as the optic nerve damage of this model in rat. Methods:The operations of the chronic intra...Purpose:To set up the Sharma’s chronic intraocular hypertension model and investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as the optic nerve damage of this model in rat. Methods:The operations of the chronic intraocular hypertension model were performed as described by Sharma in 60 male Lewis albino rats. IOP was measured using the Tono-Pen XL immediately after surgery and then at 5 day, 2 week or 4 week intervals. Cresyl violet staining of whole-mounted retinas was used to label retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), then RGCs were counted. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) staining was performed in the semi-thin cross sections of optic nerve of rat, in order to know whether the axons of optic nerve were degenerated or not. Results:There were 47 rats with higher IOP after the episcleral veins cauterized in 60 rats. The ratio of elevated IOP was 78.3%. The IOPs were stable in 4 weeks. After cresyl violet staining, the RGCs loss was 11.0% and 11.3% was found in the central and peripheral retina respectively after 2 weeks of increased IOP. After 4 weeks of increased IOP, the loss of RGCs was 17% for the central retina and 24.6% for the peripheral retina. In the retinas without higher IOP, there was no loss of RGCs. PPD staining showed that optic nerve of rat with about 5.3% damage of axons located at the superior temporal region. Region of affected optic nerve 1 mm posterior to the globe by light microscope showed evidence of damaged axons with axonal swelling and myelin debris. Conclusion:Sharma’s chronic intraocular hypertension model is a reproducible and effective glaucoma model, which mimics human glaucoma with chronically elevation IOP and induced RGCs loss and damage of optic nerve. Eye Science 2004;20:25-29.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer risk among men in urban Shanghai, China. METHODS Between January 1,1986 and September 30,1989, a total of 18,244 male residents o...OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer risk among men in urban Shanghai, China. METHODS Between January 1,1986 and September 30,1989, a total of 18,244 male residents of urban Shanghai were recruited in the prospective cohort study. The eligible study subjects were those aged 45 to 64 years and without history of cancer. Through July 10^th, 2003 (17 years follow-up), 467 new cases of lung cancer were identified in the cohort. Cox regression models were used to estimate the adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls). RESULTS The risk of lung cancer decreased with increasing in BMI. After adjustment for some potential confounding factors, a relative risk of 0.6 (highest versus lowest quintile of BMI) was observed (P-trend =0.01). Stratified by smoking status, an inverse association of body mass index with lung cancer risk still existed among current smokers. There were too few cases of lung cancer to draw a valid result among men who never smoked. The results also showed that the association of BMI with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma was more apparent than with other histological subtypes. CONCLUSION An inverse association of BMI with lung cancer risk may exist among men in Shanghai.展开更多
文摘Purpose:To set up the Sharma’s chronic intraocular hypertension model and investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as the optic nerve damage of this model in rat. Methods:The operations of the chronic intraocular hypertension model were performed as described by Sharma in 60 male Lewis albino rats. IOP was measured using the Tono-Pen XL immediately after surgery and then at 5 day, 2 week or 4 week intervals. Cresyl violet staining of whole-mounted retinas was used to label retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), then RGCs were counted. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) staining was performed in the semi-thin cross sections of optic nerve of rat, in order to know whether the axons of optic nerve were degenerated or not. Results:There were 47 rats with higher IOP after the episcleral veins cauterized in 60 rats. The ratio of elevated IOP was 78.3%. The IOPs were stable in 4 weeks. After cresyl violet staining, the RGCs loss was 11.0% and 11.3% was found in the central and peripheral retina respectively after 2 weeks of increased IOP. After 4 weeks of increased IOP, the loss of RGCs was 17% for the central retina and 24.6% for the peripheral retina. In the retinas without higher IOP, there was no loss of RGCs. PPD staining showed that optic nerve of rat with about 5.3% damage of axons located at the superior temporal region. Region of affected optic nerve 1 mm posterior to the globe by light microscope showed evidence of damaged axons with axonal swelling and myelin debris. Conclusion:Sharma’s chronic intraocular hypertension model is a reproducible and effective glaucoma model, which mimics human glaucoma with chronically elevation IOP and induced RGCs loss and damage of optic nerve. Eye Science 2004;20:25-29.
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer risk among men in urban Shanghai, China. METHODS Between January 1,1986 and September 30,1989, a total of 18,244 male residents of urban Shanghai were recruited in the prospective cohort study. The eligible study subjects were those aged 45 to 64 years and without history of cancer. Through July 10^th, 2003 (17 years follow-up), 467 new cases of lung cancer were identified in the cohort. Cox regression models were used to estimate the adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls). RESULTS The risk of lung cancer decreased with increasing in BMI. After adjustment for some potential confounding factors, a relative risk of 0.6 (highest versus lowest quintile of BMI) was observed (P-trend =0.01). Stratified by smoking status, an inverse association of body mass index with lung cancer risk still existed among current smokers. There were too few cases of lung cancer to draw a valid result among men who never smoked. The results also showed that the association of BMI with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma was more apparent than with other histological subtypes. CONCLUSION An inverse association of BMI with lung cancer risk may exist among men in Shanghai.
