Sperm freezing is widely used in ART clinics around the globe. Very little has actually changed with respect to cryopreservation protocols and methodology of freezing over the last 50 years. The aim of this paper is t...Sperm freezing is widely used in ART clinics around the globe. Very little has actually changed with respect to cryopreservation protocols and methodology of freezing over the last 50 years. The aim of this paper is to briefly review the basic principles that underlie freezing and ice crystal formation and also provide a brief overview of newer sperm freezing techniques like sperm vitrification and freeze drying of sperm.展开更多
Objective:To examine the role of carvacrol in modulating PI3 K/AKT signaling involved in human breast cancer pathogenesis using in vitro experimental model MCF-7 cells.Methods:MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays were...Objective:To examine the role of carvacrol in modulating PI3 K/AKT signaling involved in human breast cancer pathogenesis using in vitro experimental model MCF-7 cells.Methods:MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed with cells treated with different doses of carvacrol(0–250μmol/L)at different time points(24 and 48 h).The nuclear morphology was assessed in MCF-7 cells with propidium iodide(PI)and acridine orange/ethidium bromide(AO/EB)staining and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy.Events like cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometric analysis and expressions of p-Rb,cyclin D1,cyclin-dependent kinase 4(CDK4),CDK6,Bax,Bcl-2,PI3 K/p-AKT were analyzed by immunoblot.Results:Carvacrol significantly reduced cell viability with the half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 200μmol/L at 24 and 48 h(P<0.05).importantly,there was a significant increase in the accumulation of the G0/G1 phase upon treatment with carvacrol in MCF-7 cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01).A remarkable decrease in protein expressions of p-Rb,cyclin D1,CDK4 and CDK6 denoted cell cycle arrest(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition,carvacrol treatment significantly inhibited PI3 K/p-AKT protein expressions leading to induction of apoptosis mediated by decreased Bcl2 and increased Bax protein expressions.Further,Annexin V/PI staining by FACS analysis,dual staining by AO/EB and PI staining studies suggested induction of apoptosis by carvacrol through PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway in MCF-7 cells.Conclusion:Carvacrol significantly inhibited the breast cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via suppressing PI3/AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
文摘Sperm freezing is widely used in ART clinics around the globe. Very little has actually changed with respect to cryopreservation protocols and methodology of freezing over the last 50 years. The aim of this paper is to briefly review the basic principles that underlie freezing and ice crystal formation and also provide a brief overview of newer sperm freezing techniques like sperm vitrification and freeze drying of sperm.
基金support in the form of Senior Research Fellowship (SRF)。
文摘Objective:To examine the role of carvacrol in modulating PI3 K/AKT signaling involved in human breast cancer pathogenesis using in vitro experimental model MCF-7 cells.Methods:MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed with cells treated with different doses of carvacrol(0–250μmol/L)at different time points(24 and 48 h).The nuclear morphology was assessed in MCF-7 cells with propidium iodide(PI)and acridine orange/ethidium bromide(AO/EB)staining and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy.Events like cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometric analysis and expressions of p-Rb,cyclin D1,cyclin-dependent kinase 4(CDK4),CDK6,Bax,Bcl-2,PI3 K/p-AKT were analyzed by immunoblot.Results:Carvacrol significantly reduced cell viability with the half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 200μmol/L at 24 and 48 h(P<0.05).importantly,there was a significant increase in the accumulation of the G0/G1 phase upon treatment with carvacrol in MCF-7 cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01).A remarkable decrease in protein expressions of p-Rb,cyclin D1,CDK4 and CDK6 denoted cell cycle arrest(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition,carvacrol treatment significantly inhibited PI3 K/p-AKT protein expressions leading to induction of apoptosis mediated by decreased Bcl2 and increased Bax protein expressions.Further,Annexin V/PI staining by FACS analysis,dual staining by AO/EB and PI staining studies suggested induction of apoptosis by carvacrol through PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway in MCF-7 cells.Conclusion:Carvacrol significantly inhibited the breast cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via suppressing PI3/AKT signaling pathway.
