Modified Vaccinia Ankara(MVA)is a highly promising vector for generating safe vaccine candidates against many pathogens,such as HIV-1,SARS-CoV-2,and influenza viruses.The gold standard method to titrate MVA involves v...Modified Vaccinia Ankara(MVA)is a highly promising vector for generating safe vaccine candidates against many pathogens,such as HIV-1,SARS-CoV-2,and influenza viruses.The gold standard method to titrate MVA involves visualizing MVA plaques in chicken embryo fibroblasts after immunostaining.However,this method is time-consuming and costly.In this study,we evaluated the visualization of MVA plaques formed in continuous chicken embryo fibroblasts DF-1 cells using crystal violet staining.We found that MVA titration by plaque assay using crystal violet staining in DF-1 cells yielded similar results to immunostaining,with substantially reduced time and costs.The MVA plaque assay by crystal violet staining in DF-1 cells is a reliable method with accurate results and low time and financial costs.展开更多
The present work involves an extensive analytical and toxicological description of a recently identified mixed halogenated carbazole found in sediment samples,1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole(BCCZ).Concentrations...The present work involves an extensive analytical and toxicological description of a recently identified mixed halogenated carbazole found in sediment samples,1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole(BCCZ).Concentrations and the relative effect potency(REP)were calculated for the target BCCZ in a set of stream sediments collected in 2008 in Ontario,Canada.The levels calculated for BCCZ as compared to those previously assessed for legacy persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in the same samples revealed a significant contribution of BCCZ to the total organic chemical contamination(<1%e95%;average 37%).The corresponding dioxin toxic equivalencies(TEQs)of BCCZ in the sediment extracts were estimated from experimental REP data.The experimental data presented supports the classification of this emerging halogenated chemical as a contaminant of emerging environmental concern.Although potential emission sources could not be identified,this study highlights the importance of on-going research for complete characterization of halogenated carbazoles and related compounds.展开更多
文摘Modified Vaccinia Ankara(MVA)is a highly promising vector for generating safe vaccine candidates against many pathogens,such as HIV-1,SARS-CoV-2,and influenza viruses.The gold standard method to titrate MVA involves visualizing MVA plaques in chicken embryo fibroblasts after immunostaining.However,this method is time-consuming and costly.In this study,we evaluated the visualization of MVA plaques formed in continuous chicken embryo fibroblasts DF-1 cells using crystal violet staining.We found that MVA titration by plaque assay using crystal violet staining in DF-1 cells yielded similar results to immunostaining,with substantially reduced time and costs.The MVA plaque assay by crystal violet staining in DF-1 cells is a reliable method with accurate results and low time and financial costs.
基金Authors thank Conservation Ontario and the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines for this project originated from the Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines through the Southern Ontario Stream Sediment Project,a partnership between Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change,Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines and Conservation Ontario.
文摘The present work involves an extensive analytical and toxicological description of a recently identified mixed halogenated carbazole found in sediment samples,1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole(BCCZ).Concentrations and the relative effect potency(REP)were calculated for the target BCCZ in a set of stream sediments collected in 2008 in Ontario,Canada.The levels calculated for BCCZ as compared to those previously assessed for legacy persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in the same samples revealed a significant contribution of BCCZ to the total organic chemical contamination(<1%e95%;average 37%).The corresponding dioxin toxic equivalencies(TEQs)of BCCZ in the sediment extracts were estimated from experimental REP data.The experimental data presented supports the classification of this emerging halogenated chemical as a contaminant of emerging environmental concern.Although potential emission sources could not be identified,this study highlights the importance of on-going research for complete characterization of halogenated carbazoles and related compounds.
