Effects of Different Alkaloids in Coptis chinensis on Inhibiting TGEV Proliferation

[Objectives]To study the effects of different alkaloids in Coptis chinensis on inhibiting the proliferation of Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV).[Methods]The components and content of the main alkaloids in the extract of C.chinensis were analyzed.The main alkaloids were selected as drugs to inhibit the proliferation of TGEV.The maximum non-toxic concentration of Columbamine,Jatrorrhizine,Epiberberine,Coptisine,Palmatine,and Berberine was screened.The protective rate of each drug on TGEV-infected ST cells was determined,and the transcriptional inhibitory effect of the drug on TGEV N gene was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR.[Results]The extract of C.chinensis mainly contains 6 alkaloids:Columbamine,Jatrorrhizine,Epiberberine,Coptisine,Palmatine,and Berberine,accounting for 2.03%,8.88%,9.21%,15.07%,14.63%,and 50.18%,respectively.In the range of the safe concentration,Jatrorrhizine,Palmatine,and Coptisine had better protective effects on ST cells infected with TGEV;compared with the Columbamine group,the cell protection rate was significantly different(P<0.05);compared with the Berberine group,the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01).The Coptisine and Palmatine groups had significant inhibitory effects on the transcription of TGEV N gene,and the difference was extremely significant compared with the virus group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jatrorrhizine and Palmatine in C.chinensis are the main components to inhibit the proliferation of TGEV.

Achillea fragrantissima,rich in flavonoids and tannins,potentiates the activity of diminazine aceturate against Trypanosoma evansi in rats

Objective:To evaluate activity of methanol extract of Achillea fragrantissima(meth)(A.fragrantissima) alone or in combination with diminazine aceturate(DA) against Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected rats.Methods:Sixty adult male Wister albino rats were divided equally into 6 groups(A-F).Rats in groups A-E were experimentally infected with T.evansi and those in group F were uninfected.The groups were treated respectively as follows:group A- with 3.5 mg/kg DA;group B- with 1 000 mg/kg meth,A.fragrantissima;group C-3.5mg/kg DA plus 500 mg/kg meth A.fragrantissima;group D-3.5 mg/kg DA plus 1 000 mg/kg meth A.fragrantissima.Group E was left untreated.Parasitaemia,survivability,packed cell volume,hemoglobin concentration,total leucocytes count,lymphocyte count,and serum malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione(GSH) levels were estimated.Phytochemical screening of meth A.fragrantissima was also performed.Results:The phytochemical analysis of the meth A.fragrantissima indicated a higher content from polyphenols tannins and non tannins and flavonoids.The efficacy percentage against trypanosomiasis in groups A to E was respectively as follows 80,40,90.100,0.The administration of meth-A.fragrantissima(1000)mg/kg b.wt.) produced a moderate efficacy against trypanosomiasis.Untreated rats in group E died between 25 and 30 d post infection.The rats given DA and meth A.fragrantissima combinations(C and D) showed faster and higher recovery rates than the uninfected control and groups A and B.The initial reduction in packed cell volume,hemoglobin,total leucocytes count,increases in serum malondialdehyde and decreases in GSH levels were reversed by the treatments.C onclusions:The administration of the methanol extracts of A.fragrantissima and DA combination therapy was more effective than each product alone in the treatment of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi and further studies are required to isolate more active ingredients.

规模化·经营权·流转站--健全土地流转机制之我见

不走样地执行好中央关于农地"三权分置"的大政方针,县、乡政府和村委应该主动担当大任。建立常设的农地流转机构和办事组织,制定符合本地的实施办法,以保证农地流转的健康运作。杜绝私人公司、个体经纪人插手这一国家重大决策的实施,防止任何损伤农民利益的赚钱行为。