目前人工增雨催化数值模拟研究较少考虑环境场误差对模拟效果的影响,结论往往具有很大的不确定性。有鉴于此,本文将初始场扰动集合预报技术与包含催化模块的柱状云模式进行单向耦合(One Way Coupling),利用中尺度模式所提供包含环境场...目前人工增雨催化数值模拟研究较少考虑环境场误差对模拟效果的影响,结论往往具有很大的不确定性。有鉴于此,本文将初始场扰动集合预报技术与包含催化模块的柱状云模式进行单向耦合(One Way Coupling),利用中尺度模式所提供包含环境场扰动误差的多组热力、微物理量廓线实时驱动柱状云模式,对2022年1月23日浙江省积层混合云降水过程进行多成员、单/多格点AgI催化数值试验,尝试从概率的角度探讨最佳播撒方案以及对应的增雨潜力。从单站(杭州站)的模拟效果来看,23日15:00(协调世界时)在3.6 km高度(−5.2℃)处使用AgI(碘化银催化剂量为1.2×10^(−7)~1.2×10^(−4)g kg^(−1))播撒时所有集合成员均能够取得正增雨效果,其中采用1.2×10^(−5)g kg^(−1)剂量时增雨率最大,所有成员的均值为4.67%,99%分位数为7.77%。在单点模拟中,初始场扰动对于过量播撒是否导致减雨的判断有很大影响,例如,播撒剂量增加至1.2×10^(−2)g kg^(−1)后,超过50%的集合成员表现为减雨效果,但仍然有部分成员表现为增雨。针对这次过程,多格点催化试验表明增雨效果发生概率最优的区域位于浙西北和浙北北部区域,尤其在嘉兴东北部和临安附近,从概率预报的角度来说也往往对应着相对较高的平均过冷水含量和较低的冰晶数浓度均值。展开更多
利用耦合了碘化银催化过程的WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式,对2014年8月16日南京青奥会开幕式当天实施的人工催化作业开展数值模拟,评估催化效果并通过敏感性数值试验调查低空环境干层对催化效果的影响。结果表明,催化作业产...利用耦合了碘化银催化过程的WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式,对2014年8月16日南京青奥会开幕式当天实施的人工催化作业开展数值模拟,评估催化效果并通过敏感性数值试验调查低空环境干层对催化效果的影响。结果表明,催化作业产生了减雨效果,低空干区的存在是影响催化效果的关键。当低空存在深厚的相对湿度很小的干层时,催化导致减雨效果;当增加低层的相对湿度即弱化低空干层,催化减雨效果减弱甚至出现增雨效果。催化增强了雪的形成过程但减弱了雪的增长过程尤其是凝华增长,导致雪粒子浓度增加但粒径减小,融化产生更多的小雨滴增强了蒸发过程,最终导致地面降水减少。展开更多
Welcome to the World Journal of Virology(WJV), a new member of the World Journal Series. The World Journal Series was first launched as a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering aspects of research, diagnostics and ...Welcome to the World Journal of Virology(WJV), a new member of the World Journal Series. The World Journal Series was first launched as a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering aspects of research, diagnostics and clinical practice in biomedicine in 1995. WJV is an online and open-access peer-reviewed periodical focusing on virology. WJV covers a variety of topics in different areas of virology, including advances in basic research, updates in nomenclature, the development of novel diagnostic assays, the epidemiology of viral disorders and, new developments in the clinical management of viral diseases, including new vaccines and antiviral therapeutics. The purpose in launching the WJV is to promote knowledge exchange related to the classic human viruses as well as newly emerging viruses and their associated clinical disorders. Continually updating knowledge in a timely manner in this field where information related to the unceasing evolution of viruses is becoming available at a rapid pace is challenging. Thanks to the World-Wide-Web we are able to provide a podium for all authors and readers of WJV to address this challenge. I would like to acknowledge the Baishideng publisher, the members of the editorial board, and all contributing authors involved in this inaugural issue of the WJV. I sincerely hope all readers,i.e. future contributing authors, will like WJV and we look forward to your input in assisting WJV to grow and mature.展开更多
Ecoflex is widely used in bioelectronics due to its outstanding properties of low modulus and large stretchability.For its use as an encapsulation layer in multi-channel wearable devices,a patterning procedure is esse...Ecoflex is widely used in bioelectronics due to its outstanding properties of low modulus and large stretchability.For its use as an encapsulation layer in multi-channel wearable devices,a patterning procedure is essential.However,conventional patterning strategies for Ecoflex,such as soft lithography,punching,and laser ablation,lack sufficient quality and process compatibility.To address this,we propose a process-compatible method of patterning Ecoflex by developing Photo-patternable Ecoflex(PPE).The PPE layer,used as an encapsulation layer,effectively dissipates strain energy at homogeneous interfaces,resulting in a 50%increase in electrical conductance under 250%strain.Using PPE,we fabricated intrinsically stretchable multi-sensors that monitor bio-signals like glucose,lactate,pH,and humidity in sweat.These sensors maintain durable sensitivity under strain up to 50%and for 1000 cycles at 20%strain.Finally,we mounted these stretchable multi-chemical sensors on an arm to monitor glucose and lactate levels in sweat.展开更多
文摘利用耦合了碘化银催化过程的WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式,对2014年8月16日南京青奥会开幕式当天实施的人工催化作业开展数值模拟,评估催化效果并通过敏感性数值试验调查低空环境干层对催化效果的影响。结果表明,催化作业产生了减雨效果,低空干区的存在是影响催化效果的关键。当低空存在深厚的相对湿度很小的干层时,催化导致减雨效果;当增加低层的相对湿度即弱化低空干层,催化减雨效果减弱甚至出现增雨效果。催化增强了雪的形成过程但减弱了雪的增长过程尤其是凝华增长,导致雪粒子浓度增加但粒径减小,融化产生更多的小雨滴增强了蒸发过程,最终导致地面降水减少。
文摘Welcome to the World Journal of Virology(WJV), a new member of the World Journal Series. The World Journal Series was first launched as a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering aspects of research, diagnostics and clinical practice in biomedicine in 1995. WJV is an online and open-access peer-reviewed periodical focusing on virology. WJV covers a variety of topics in different areas of virology, including advances in basic research, updates in nomenclature, the development of novel diagnostic assays, the epidemiology of viral disorders and, new developments in the clinical management of viral diseases, including new vaccines and antiviral therapeutics. The purpose in launching the WJV is to promote knowledge exchange related to the classic human viruses as well as newly emerging viruses and their associated clinical disorders. Continually updating knowledge in a timely manner in this field where information related to the unceasing evolution of viruses is becoming available at a rapid pace is challenging. Thanks to the World-Wide-Web we are able to provide a podium for all authors and readers of WJV to address this challenge. I would like to acknowledge the Baishideng publisher, the members of the editorial board, and all contributing authors involved in this inaugural issue of the WJV. I sincerely hope all readers,i.e. future contributing authors, will like WJV and we look forward to your input in assisting WJV to grow and mature.
基金supported by the Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center(WMC)funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant by the Korea Government(MSIT)(NRF-2022R1A5A6000846,NRF-2021M3D1A2049869,NRF-2020M3H4A3106405)supported by Nano Material Technology Development Program(2021M3H4A1A04092879)through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT.
文摘Ecoflex is widely used in bioelectronics due to its outstanding properties of low modulus and large stretchability.For its use as an encapsulation layer in multi-channel wearable devices,a patterning procedure is essential.However,conventional patterning strategies for Ecoflex,such as soft lithography,punching,and laser ablation,lack sufficient quality and process compatibility.To address this,we propose a process-compatible method of patterning Ecoflex by developing Photo-patternable Ecoflex(PPE).The PPE layer,used as an encapsulation layer,effectively dissipates strain energy at homogeneous interfaces,resulting in a 50%increase in electrical conductance under 250%strain.Using PPE,we fabricated intrinsically stretchable multi-sensors that monitor bio-signals like glucose,lactate,pH,and humidity in sweat.These sensors maintain durable sensitivity under strain up to 50%and for 1000 cycles at 20%strain.Finally,we mounted these stretchable multi-chemical sensors on an arm to monitor glucose and lactate levels in sweat.
