Detection of land cover change helps in the understanding of how humans modify the natural environment.Modification is attributed to both restoration and degradation processes.Such information guides decisions on miti...Detection of land cover change helps in the understanding of how humans modify the natural environment.Modification is attributed to both restoration and degradation processes.Such information guides decisions on mitigating landscape degradation and advancing restoration.This study sets to determine land cover changes from 1973 to 2013 in the Malewa River Basin(1,760 km^2)in central rift valley,Kenya.Satellite imageries from Landsat(Landsat Multispectral Scanner,1973;Landsat TM(Thematic Mapper),1986;ETM+(Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus),2000;and SPOT,2013)were analyzed using various imaging techniques available in ArcGIS 10.1 and ERDAS Imagine software.The results showed a cumulative growth of 25,617.0 ha(28.8%)in area under cropland,an increase of 4,310.1 ha(11.3%)in forestland and 688.0 ha(490.7%)of wetland.There was a net decrease of 28,953.8 ha(72.2%)in the area under shrubland and 1,747.4 ha(19.2%)under grassland.The findings suggest that increased demand for arable land is mainly driven by food and income needs of the human population.This exerted enormous pressure particularly on shrublands and grassland.Increased forest cover suggests an improvement in forest restoration efforts during the last ten years.There is need to manage expansion into new arable areas by improving land productivity and tackling the drivers of land cover change.展开更多
Humanity is facing unprecedented and intertwined crises.Strong political will,determination and global cooperation to collectively tackle these challenges are urgently needed.Integrated,healthy and resilient ecosystem...Humanity is facing unprecedented and intertwined crises.Strong political will,determination and global cooperation to collectively tackle these challenges are urgently needed.Integrated,healthy and resilient ecosystems and rich biodiversity is the cornerstone for humanity’s survival and thriving.Being Nature Positive by 2030 is a global goal that can ensure we halt and reverse biodiversity loss at the pace necessary,in support of climate action and the Sustainable Development Goals as well as the aspiration of ecological civilization.An ambitious and robust post 2020 global biodiversity framework(GBF)provides an opportunity for humanity to be led by this global goal to put global collective efforts together.展开更多
Global biodiversity is in crisis as a result of human activity.This biodiversity crisis has been well documented by scientists,recognized by world leaders,politicians,businesses,and citizens.Both the biodiversity and ...Global biodiversity is in crisis as a result of human activity.This biodiversity crisis has been well documented by scientists,recognized by world leaders,politicians,businesses,and citizens.Both the biodiversity and climate crises need to be addressed now.2020 was when this change was supposed to start,with the 15th Conference of Parties(COP15)of the Convention on Biodiversity(CBD)meeting in Kunming,and the 26th Conference of Parties(COP26)of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change meeting in Glasgow,but both meetings were postponed.COP26 was held a year late(November 2021),while COP15 was split into two,with the first part held in Kunming in October 2021,and the second part scheduled for Montreal in December 2022.This meeting in Montreal-arguably the most important in the CBDs history-must agree on the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework(GBF),to reverse biodiversity loss.Failure to reach agreement in Montreal would ultimately be a failure of us all,with irreversible consequences for life on earth.Yet,with three months before the final deadline only 20%of text and two targets are agreed.This paper reviews the factors hindering progress on the agreement and suggests possible solutions.展开更多
文摘Detection of land cover change helps in the understanding of how humans modify the natural environment.Modification is attributed to both restoration and degradation processes.Such information guides decisions on mitigating landscape degradation and advancing restoration.This study sets to determine land cover changes from 1973 to 2013 in the Malewa River Basin(1,760 km^2)in central rift valley,Kenya.Satellite imageries from Landsat(Landsat Multispectral Scanner,1973;Landsat TM(Thematic Mapper),1986;ETM+(Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus),2000;and SPOT,2013)were analyzed using various imaging techniques available in ArcGIS 10.1 and ERDAS Imagine software.The results showed a cumulative growth of 25,617.0 ha(28.8%)in area under cropland,an increase of 4,310.1 ha(11.3%)in forestland and 688.0 ha(490.7%)of wetland.There was a net decrease of 28,953.8 ha(72.2%)in the area under shrubland and 1,747.4 ha(19.2%)under grassland.The findings suggest that increased demand for arable land is mainly driven by food and income needs of the human population.This exerted enormous pressure particularly on shrublands and grassland.Increased forest cover suggests an improvement in forest restoration efforts during the last ten years.There is need to manage expansion into new arable areas by improving land productivity and tackling the drivers of land cover change.
文摘Humanity is facing unprecedented and intertwined crises.Strong political will,determination and global cooperation to collectively tackle these challenges are urgently needed.Integrated,healthy and resilient ecosystems and rich biodiversity is the cornerstone for humanity’s survival and thriving.Being Nature Positive by 2030 is a global goal that can ensure we halt and reverse biodiversity loss at the pace necessary,in support of climate action and the Sustainable Development Goals as well as the aspiration of ecological civilization.An ambitious and robust post 2020 global biodiversity framework(GBF)provides an opportunity for humanity to be led by this global goal to put global collective efforts together.
基金This research was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number XDA19050404)China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development(CCICED)。
文摘Global biodiversity is in crisis as a result of human activity.This biodiversity crisis has been well documented by scientists,recognized by world leaders,politicians,businesses,and citizens.Both the biodiversity and climate crises need to be addressed now.2020 was when this change was supposed to start,with the 15th Conference of Parties(COP15)of the Convention on Biodiversity(CBD)meeting in Kunming,and the 26th Conference of Parties(COP26)of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change meeting in Glasgow,but both meetings were postponed.COP26 was held a year late(November 2021),while COP15 was split into two,with the first part held in Kunming in October 2021,and the second part scheduled for Montreal in December 2022.This meeting in Montreal-arguably the most important in the CBDs history-must agree on the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework(GBF),to reverse biodiversity loss.Failure to reach agreement in Montreal would ultimately be a failure of us all,with irreversible consequences for life on earth.Yet,with three months before the final deadline only 20%of text and two targets are agreed.This paper reviews the factors hindering progress on the agreement and suggests possible solutions.
