Objective This study aims to explore the complex relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms among older adults in China,focusing particularly on the moderating role of marital status.Methods This s...Objective This study aims to explore the complex relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms among older adults in China,focusing particularly on the moderating role of marital status.Methods This study used data from the latest Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS).The analysis used the latent class analysis to delineate personality clusters and hierarchical linear regression,supplemented by the PROCESS macro,to investigate the effects of social engagement and marital status on depressive symptoms.Results The analysis encompassed 7,789 respondents(mean age:82.53[s=11.20]years),with 54%female.The personality analysis categorized participants into four clusters,with the majority(77.60%)classified as Confident Idealists,who exhibited the lowest levels of depressive symptoms.Hierarchical linear regression analysis yielded several significant findings:Higher levels of social engagement were significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms(t=-7.932,P<0.001,B=-0.463).Marital status was a significant factor;married individuals reported fewer depressive symptoms compared to their unmarried counterparts(t=-6.368,P<0.001,B=-0.750).There was a significant moderating effect of marital status on the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms(t=-2.092,P=0.037,B=-0.217).Conclusion This study demonstrates that,among Chinese older adults,both social engagement and marital status significantly influence depressive symptoms.Higher social engagement,particularly in other activities like doing household chores,gardening,reading newspapers or books,and playing cards or Mahjong,is associated with fewer depressive symptoms,especially among married individuals.展开更多
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from a largely diagnostic to a largely therapeutic modality. Cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (...Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from a largely diagnostic to a largely therapeutic modality. Cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and less invasive endoscopy, especially endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), have largely taken over from ERCP for diagnosis. However, ERCP remains the "first line" therapeutic tool in the management of mechanical causes of acute recurrent pancreatitis, including bile duct stones (choledocholithiasis), ampullary masses (benign and malignant), congenital variants of biliary and pancreatic anatomy (e.g. pancreas divisum, choledochoceles), sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), pancreatic stones and strictures, and parasitic disorders involving the biliary tree and/or pancreatic duct (e.g Ascariasis, Clonorchiasis).展开更多
Background and study aims: Many lesions found during push enteroscopy to evaluate obscure gastrointestinal bleeding are within the reach of standard endoscopes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the rate ...Background and study aims: Many lesions found during push enteroscopy to evaluate obscure gastrointestinal bleeding are within the reach of standard endoscopes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the rate of proximal lesions varies in relation to the type of obscure bleeding that is present. Patients and methods: A retrospective review of consecutive push enteroscopies carried out for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding between July 1996 and July 2000 was conducted. The patients were categorized into three groups: those with recurrent obscure/overt gastrointestinal bleeding; those with persistent obscure/overt gastrointestinal bleeding; and those with obscure/ occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Results: A total of 63 patients (24 men, 39 women; mean age 69.8) were included. Push enteroscopy examinations were conducted for recurrent obscure/overt bleeding in 32 patients; for persistent obscure/overt bleeding in 12 patients; and for obscure/occult bleeding in 19 patients. The overall diagnostic yield of push enteroscopy was 47% (15 of 32) in the group with recurrent obscure/overt bleeding; 66% (eight of 12) in the group with persistent obscure/overt bleeding; and 63% (12 of 19) in the group with obscure/occult bleeding. However, when lesions within the reach of standard esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)were excluded, the yield of push enteroscopy was slightly higher in the group with recurrent obscure/overt bleeding (41% ) than in the groups with persistent obscure/overt bleeding (33% ) and obscure/ occult bleeding (26% ). There were fewer lesions within the reach of EGD in the group with recurrent obscure/overt bleeding than in the groups with persistent obscure/overt bleeding (6% vs. 33% ; P < 0.05) or obscure/occult bleeding (6% vs. 37% ; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients undergoing push enteroscopy for recurrent obscure/overt bleeding were significantly less likely to have lesions within the reach of EGD than patients with persistent obscure/overt bleeding or obscure/occult bleed-ing. Patients in the latter two groups would be able to undergo a repeat EGD examination before more intense evaluation with push enteroscopy or capsule endoscopy.展开更多
To our knowledge there are no studies evaluating the prevalence and characteristics of itch, pain, and burning sensation among patients with mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency or assessing the impact of the...To our knowledge there are no studies evaluating the prevalence and characteristics of itch, pain, and burning sensation among patients with mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency or assessing the impact of these symptoms on quality of life. In this report 100 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients who suffered from itch were also assessed with the use of a validated questionnaire and a modified Skindex- 16 questionnaire. We found that the prevalence of itch was 66% . Concomitant itch and burning sensation as well as itch and pain were noted in 47% and 44% of the patients, respectively. No correlation was noted between the severity of these symptoms and the degree of venous insufficiency. Itch had a negative impact on quality of life. A limitation of this study is that the participants, who were primarily hospital employees, are more likely to develop these symptoms. Therefore this study does not reflect the true prevalence of these symptoms in the general population. This study found that itch, pain, and burning sensation are common symptoms of mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency with a significant impact on quality of life.展开更多
Objective: We hypothesized that a strategy that reduced aortic manipulation would reduce the incidence of cognitive deficits in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting compared with the “ traditional” ap...Objective: We hypothesized that a strategy that reduced aortic manipulation would reduce the incidence of cognitive deficits in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting compared with the “ traditional” approach and that neurobehavioral outcomes with the reduced aortic manipulation strategy would approach those obtained with off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: Consenting high-risk patients(those with older age, diabetes, or hypertension) scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting and cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 aortic management protocols:(1) a traditional approach in which distal anastomoses were accomplished while the aorta was crossclamped but in which proximal anastomoses were sewn while a partial occlusion clamp was applied to the aorta(multiple aortic clamping group) or(2) a reduced aortic manipulation approach in which the aorta was clamped a single time with a reduced-pressure clamp(single aortic clamping group) and the partial occlusion clamp was not used. A contemporaneous group of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass was also enrolled. Subjects in all 3 groups underwent neurologic and neuropsychological testing before and after surgery. After randomization, patients assigned to either approach could be changed to another strategy if the attending surgeon determined that patient safety demanded this change. The study design anticipated that surgical techniques would evolve over the course of patient enrollment and anticipated that some patients would have intraoperative echocardiographic findings that would demand that the traditional approach(eg, severe aortic atherosclerosis) or the reduced manipulation protocol(eg, severe ischemia or poor left ventricular function) be abandoned. Thus, an unequal distribution of patients was expected. By surgeon decision, 20 of 84 multiple aortic clamping patients crossed over to single aortic clamping, and 3 of 85 single aortic clamping patients switched to multiple aortic clamping. Eligible patients had a battery of neuropsychological tests before surgery and at 6 months after surgery. A 20% decrement in 2 or more tests was defined as a neuropsychological deficit. Results: MAC OPCAB SAC Hospital mortality 3/67(4% ) 1/68(1% ) 0/102(0% ) Hospital stroke 3/67(4% ) 1/68(1% ) 3/102(3% ) Tested patients NPD 3- 5 d 25/42(60% ) 33/47(70% ) 44/74(60% ) Tested patients NPD 3- 6 wk 25/49(51% ) 20/51(40% ) 27/85(32% ) Tested patients NPD 6 mo 24/42(57% ) 13/41(32% * ) 22/74(30% * ) MAC, Multiple aortic clamping; OPCAB, off-pump coronary artery bypass; SAC, single aortic clamping; NPD, neuropsychological deficit. * P < .05 vs MAC. Conclusions: A surgical strategy designed to minimize aortic manipulation can significantly reduce the incidence of cognitive deficits in coronary artery bypass grafting patients compared with traditional techniques. In this series, the results of the reduced aortic manipulation strategy were not significantly different from those in patients having off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, thus emphasizing surgical technique as the primary cause of brain damage in coronary artery bypass grafting patients.展开更多
Marrow niches in osteosarcoma(OS)are a specialized microenvironment that is essential for the maintenance and regulation of OS cells.However,existing animal xenograft models are plagued by variability,complexity,and h...Marrow niches in osteosarcoma(OS)are a specialized microenvironment that is essential for the maintenance and regulation of OS cells.However,existing animal xenograft models are plagued by variability,complexity,and high cost.Herein,we used a decellularized osteosarcoma extracellular matrix(dOsEM)loaded with extracellular vesicles from human bone marrow-derived stem cells(hBMSC-EVs)and OS cells as a bioink to construct a micro-osteosarcoma(micro-OS)through 3D printing.The micro-OS was further combined with a microfluidic system to develop into an OS-on-a-chip(OOC)with a built-in recirculating perfusion system.The OOC system successfully integrated bone marrow niches,cell‒cell and cell-matrix crosstalk,and circulation,allowing a more accurate representation of OS characteristics in vivo.Moreover,the OOC system may serve as a valuable research platform for studying OS biological mechanisms compared with traditional xenograft models and is expected to enable precise and rapid evaluation and consequently more effective and comprehensive treatments for OS.展开更多
Contributing to organ formation and tissue regeneration,extracellular matrix(ECM)constituents provide tissue with three-dimensional(3D)structural integrity and cellular-function regulation.Containing the crucial trait...Contributing to organ formation and tissue regeneration,extracellular matrix(ECM)constituents provide tissue with three-dimensional(3D)structural integrity and cellular-function regulation.Containing the crucial traits of the cellular microenvironment,ECM substitutes mediate cell–matrix interactions to prompt stem-cell proliferation and differentiation for 3D organoid construction in vitro or tissue regeneration in vivo.However,these ECMs are often applied generically and have yet to be extensively developed for specific cell types in 3D cultures.Cultured cells also produce rich ECM,particularly stromal cells.Cellular ECM improves 3D culture development in vitro and tissue remodeling during wound healing after implantation into the host as well.Gaining better insight into ECM derived from either tissue or cells that regulate 3D tissue reconstruction or organ regeneration helps us to select,produce,and implant the most suitable ECM and thus promote 3D organoid culture and tissue remodeling for in vivo regeneration.Overall,the decellularization methodologies and tissue/cell-derived ECM as scaffolds or cellular-growth supplements used in cell propagation and differentiation for 3D tissue culture in vitro are discussed.Moreover,current preclinical applications by which ECM components modulate the wound-healing process are reviewed.展开更多
As X-ray computed tomography (CT) is widely used in diagnosis and radiotherapy, it is important to reduce the radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable. For this pur- pose, one may use the TV based methods or w...As X-ray computed tomography (CT) is widely used in diagnosis and radiotherapy, it is important to reduce the radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable. For this pur- pose, one may use the TV based methods or wavelet frame based methods to reconstruct high quality images from reduced number of projections. Furthermore, by using the in- terior tomography scheme which only illuminates a region-of-interest (ROI), one can save more radiation dose. In this paper, a robust wavelet frame regularization based model is proposed for both global reconstruction and interior tomography. The model can help to reduce the errors caused by mismatch of the huge sparse projection matrix. A three-system decomposition scheme is applied to decompose the reconstructed images into three differ- ent parts: cartoon, artifacts and noise. Therefore, by discarding the estimated artifacts and noise parts, the reconstructed images can be obtained with less noise and artifacts. Similar to other frame based image restoration models, the model can be efficiently solved by the split Bregman algorithm. Numerical simulations show that the proposed model outperforms the FBP and SART+TV methods in terms of preservation of sharp edges, mean structural similarity (SSIM), contrast-to-noise ratio, relative error and correlation- s. For example, for real sheep lung reconstruction, the proposed method can reach the mean structural similarity as high as 0.75 using only 100 projections while the FBP and the SART^TV methods need more than 200 projections. Additionally, the proposed ro- bust method is applicable for interior and exterior tomography with better performance compared to the FBP and the SART+TV methods.展开更多
Targeting the androgen receptor axis provides only temporary relief for advanced prostate cancer, which often evolves into androgen-independent disease, The wide variety of signaling mechanisms connected with the path...Targeting the androgen receptor axis provides only temporary relief for advanced prostate cancer, which often evolves into androgen-independent disease, The wide variety of signaling mechanisms connected with the pathophysiology of androgen-independent prostate cancer poses both conceptual and practical challenges for the design of efficient therapies, Analysis of apoptosis regulation in prostate cancer suggests the potential value of a systems approach that integrates information on the topology of the antiapoptotic signaling network, the signal transduction pathways that inhibit apoptosis, and the expression of proteins of the Bcl2 family, This approach could be used to identify patients most likely to respond to treatments with drugs that inhibit the signaling pathways controlling apoptosis.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[72174183].
文摘Objective This study aims to explore the complex relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms among older adults in China,focusing particularly on the moderating role of marital status.Methods This study used data from the latest Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS).The analysis used the latent class analysis to delineate personality clusters and hierarchical linear regression,supplemented by the PROCESS macro,to investigate the effects of social engagement and marital status on depressive symptoms.Results The analysis encompassed 7,789 respondents(mean age:82.53[s=11.20]years),with 54%female.The personality analysis categorized participants into four clusters,with the majority(77.60%)classified as Confident Idealists,who exhibited the lowest levels of depressive symptoms.Hierarchical linear regression analysis yielded several significant findings:Higher levels of social engagement were significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms(t=-7.932,P<0.001,B=-0.463).Marital status was a significant factor;married individuals reported fewer depressive symptoms compared to their unmarried counterparts(t=-6.368,P<0.001,B=-0.750).There was a significant moderating effect of marital status on the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms(t=-2.092,P=0.037,B=-0.217).Conclusion This study demonstrates that,among Chinese older adults,both social engagement and marital status significantly influence depressive symptoms.Higher social engagement,particularly in other activities like doing household chores,gardening,reading newspapers or books,and playing cards or Mahjong,is associated with fewer depressive symptoms,especially among married individuals.
文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from a largely diagnostic to a largely therapeutic modality. Cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and less invasive endoscopy, especially endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), have largely taken over from ERCP for diagnosis. However, ERCP remains the "first line" therapeutic tool in the management of mechanical causes of acute recurrent pancreatitis, including bile duct stones (choledocholithiasis), ampullary masses (benign and malignant), congenital variants of biliary and pancreatic anatomy (e.g. pancreas divisum, choledochoceles), sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), pancreatic stones and strictures, and parasitic disorders involving the biliary tree and/or pancreatic duct (e.g Ascariasis, Clonorchiasis).
基金partially supported by the NSF CAREER Award CBET-1540898Baodong Liu was partially supported by IHEP-CAS Scientific Research Foundation 2013IHEPYJRC801
文摘Background and study aims: Many lesions found during push enteroscopy to evaluate obscure gastrointestinal bleeding are within the reach of standard endoscopes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the rate of proximal lesions varies in relation to the type of obscure bleeding that is present. Patients and methods: A retrospective review of consecutive push enteroscopies carried out for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding between July 1996 and July 2000 was conducted. The patients were categorized into three groups: those with recurrent obscure/overt gastrointestinal bleeding; those with persistent obscure/overt gastrointestinal bleeding; and those with obscure/ occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Results: A total of 63 patients (24 men, 39 women; mean age 69.8) were included. Push enteroscopy examinations were conducted for recurrent obscure/overt bleeding in 32 patients; for persistent obscure/overt bleeding in 12 patients; and for obscure/occult bleeding in 19 patients. The overall diagnostic yield of push enteroscopy was 47% (15 of 32) in the group with recurrent obscure/overt bleeding; 66% (eight of 12) in the group with persistent obscure/overt bleeding; and 63% (12 of 19) in the group with obscure/occult bleeding. However, when lesions within the reach of standard esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)were excluded, the yield of push enteroscopy was slightly higher in the group with recurrent obscure/overt bleeding (41% ) than in the groups with persistent obscure/overt bleeding (33% ) and obscure/ occult bleeding (26% ). There were fewer lesions within the reach of EGD in the group with recurrent obscure/overt bleeding than in the groups with persistent obscure/overt bleeding (6% vs. 33% ; P < 0.05) or obscure/occult bleeding (6% vs. 37% ; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients undergoing push enteroscopy for recurrent obscure/overt bleeding were significantly less likely to have lesions within the reach of EGD than patients with persistent obscure/overt bleeding or obscure/occult bleed-ing. Patients in the latter two groups would be able to undergo a repeat EGD examination before more intense evaluation with push enteroscopy or capsule endoscopy.
文摘To our knowledge there are no studies evaluating the prevalence and characteristics of itch, pain, and burning sensation among patients with mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency or assessing the impact of these symptoms on quality of life. In this report 100 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients who suffered from itch were also assessed with the use of a validated questionnaire and a modified Skindex- 16 questionnaire. We found that the prevalence of itch was 66% . Concomitant itch and burning sensation as well as itch and pain were noted in 47% and 44% of the patients, respectively. No correlation was noted between the severity of these symptoms and the degree of venous insufficiency. Itch had a negative impact on quality of life. A limitation of this study is that the participants, who were primarily hospital employees, are more likely to develop these symptoms. Therefore this study does not reflect the true prevalence of these symptoms in the general population. This study found that itch, pain, and burning sensation are common symptoms of mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency with a significant impact on quality of life.
文摘Objective: We hypothesized that a strategy that reduced aortic manipulation would reduce the incidence of cognitive deficits in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting compared with the “ traditional” approach and that neurobehavioral outcomes with the reduced aortic manipulation strategy would approach those obtained with off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: Consenting high-risk patients(those with older age, diabetes, or hypertension) scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting and cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 aortic management protocols:(1) a traditional approach in which distal anastomoses were accomplished while the aorta was crossclamped but in which proximal anastomoses were sewn while a partial occlusion clamp was applied to the aorta(multiple aortic clamping group) or(2) a reduced aortic manipulation approach in which the aorta was clamped a single time with a reduced-pressure clamp(single aortic clamping group) and the partial occlusion clamp was not used. A contemporaneous group of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass was also enrolled. Subjects in all 3 groups underwent neurologic and neuropsychological testing before and after surgery. After randomization, patients assigned to either approach could be changed to another strategy if the attending surgeon determined that patient safety demanded this change. The study design anticipated that surgical techniques would evolve over the course of patient enrollment and anticipated that some patients would have intraoperative echocardiographic findings that would demand that the traditional approach(eg, severe aortic atherosclerosis) or the reduced manipulation protocol(eg, severe ischemia or poor left ventricular function) be abandoned. Thus, an unequal distribution of patients was expected. By surgeon decision, 20 of 84 multiple aortic clamping patients crossed over to single aortic clamping, and 3 of 85 single aortic clamping patients switched to multiple aortic clamping. Eligible patients had a battery of neuropsychological tests before surgery and at 6 months after surgery. A 20% decrement in 2 or more tests was defined as a neuropsychological deficit. Results: MAC OPCAB SAC Hospital mortality 3/67(4% ) 1/68(1% ) 0/102(0% ) Hospital stroke 3/67(4% ) 1/68(1% ) 3/102(3% ) Tested patients NPD 3- 5 d 25/42(60% ) 33/47(70% ) 44/74(60% ) Tested patients NPD 3- 6 wk 25/49(51% ) 20/51(40% ) 27/85(32% ) Tested patients NPD 6 mo 24/42(57% ) 13/41(32% * ) 22/74(30% * ) MAC, Multiple aortic clamping; OPCAB, off-pump coronary artery bypass; SAC, single aortic clamping; NPD, neuropsychological deficit. * P < .05 vs MAC. Conclusions: A surgical strategy designed to minimize aortic manipulation can significantly reduce the incidence of cognitive deficits in coronary artery bypass grafting patients compared with traditional techniques. In this series, the results of the reduced aortic manipulation strategy were not significantly different from those in patients having off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, thus emphasizing surgical technique as the primary cause of brain damage in coronary artery bypass grafting patients.
基金the Shanghai Pujiang Program(21PJ1409200)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722122)+6 种基金Three-year Action Plan of Shenkang Development Center(SHDC2020CR2019B)Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute Cooperative Research Project,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(2022LHB07,2022LHA01)Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal Systemthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YG2023LC07)Clinical Research Program of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(JYLJ202122)the Project of Biobank from Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(YBKB202116)the National Scientific Foundation of China(82171993,81972058,82130073).
文摘Marrow niches in osteosarcoma(OS)are a specialized microenvironment that is essential for the maintenance and regulation of OS cells.However,existing animal xenograft models are plagued by variability,complexity,and high cost.Herein,we used a decellularized osteosarcoma extracellular matrix(dOsEM)loaded with extracellular vesicles from human bone marrow-derived stem cells(hBMSC-EVs)and OS cells as a bioink to construct a micro-osteosarcoma(micro-OS)through 3D printing.The micro-OS was further combined with a microfluidic system to develop into an OS-on-a-chip(OOC)with a built-in recirculating perfusion system.The OOC system successfully integrated bone marrow niches,cell‒cell and cell-matrix crosstalk,and circulation,allowing a more accurate representation of OS characteristics in vivo.Moreover,the OOC system may serve as a valuable research platform for studying OS biological mechanisms compared with traditional xenograft models and is expected to enable precise and rapid evaluation and consequently more effective and comprehensive treatments for OS.
基金supported by Research Grants from the National Institutes of Health(No.1R01AR067747)Ming Pei and by NIH/NIAID(Nos.R21AI152832,R03AI165170)to Yuanyuan Zhang.
文摘Contributing to organ formation and tissue regeneration,extracellular matrix(ECM)constituents provide tissue with three-dimensional(3D)structural integrity and cellular-function regulation.Containing the crucial traits of the cellular microenvironment,ECM substitutes mediate cell–matrix interactions to prompt stem-cell proliferation and differentiation for 3D organoid construction in vitro or tissue regeneration in vivo.However,these ECMs are often applied generically and have yet to be extensively developed for specific cell types in 3D cultures.Cultured cells also produce rich ECM,particularly stromal cells.Cellular ECM improves 3D culture development in vitro and tissue remodeling during wound healing after implantation into the host as well.Gaining better insight into ECM derived from either tissue or cells that regulate 3D tissue reconstruction or organ regeneration helps us to select,produce,and implant the most suitable ECM and thus promote 3D organoid culture and tissue remodeling for in vivo regeneration.Overall,the decellularization methodologies and tissue/cell-derived ECM as scaffolds or cellular-growth supplements used in cell propagation and differentiation for 3D tissue culture in vitro are discussed.Moreover,current preclinical applications by which ECM components modulate the wound-healing process are reviewed.
文摘As X-ray computed tomography (CT) is widely used in diagnosis and radiotherapy, it is important to reduce the radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable. For this pur- pose, one may use the TV based methods or wavelet frame based methods to reconstruct high quality images from reduced number of projections. Furthermore, by using the in- terior tomography scheme which only illuminates a region-of-interest (ROI), one can save more radiation dose. In this paper, a robust wavelet frame regularization based model is proposed for both global reconstruction and interior tomography. The model can help to reduce the errors caused by mismatch of the huge sparse projection matrix. A three-system decomposition scheme is applied to decompose the reconstructed images into three differ- ent parts: cartoon, artifacts and noise. Therefore, by discarding the estimated artifacts and noise parts, the reconstructed images can be obtained with less noise and artifacts. Similar to other frame based image restoration models, the model can be efficiently solved by the split Bregman algorithm. Numerical simulations show that the proposed model outperforms the FBP and SART+TV methods in terms of preservation of sharp edges, mean structural similarity (SSIM), contrast-to-noise ratio, relative error and correlation- s. For example, for real sheep lung reconstruction, the proposed method can reach the mean structural similarity as high as 0.75 using only 100 projections while the FBP and the SART^TV methods need more than 200 projections. Additionally, the proposed ro- bust method is applicable for interior and exterior tomography with better performance compared to the FBP and the SART+TV methods.
文摘Targeting the androgen receptor axis provides only temporary relief for advanced prostate cancer, which often evolves into androgen-independent disease, The wide variety of signaling mechanisms connected with the pathophysiology of androgen-independent prostate cancer poses both conceptual and practical challenges for the design of efficient therapies, Analysis of apoptosis regulation in prostate cancer suggests the potential value of a systems approach that integrates information on the topology of the antiapoptotic signaling network, the signal transduction pathways that inhibit apoptosis, and the expression of proteins of the Bcl2 family, This approach could be used to identify patients most likely to respond to treatments with drugs that inhibit the signaling pathways controlling apoptosis.