Groundwater resources in Jordan are under huge stresses. Accomplishing good water quality requires monitoring of water resources. Azraq spring considered the main source for drinking water of Fuhais City in Balqa gove...Groundwater resources in Jordan are under huge stresses. Accomplishing good water quality requires monitoring of water resources. Azraq spring considered the main source for drinking water of Fuhais City in Balqa governorate. The catchment area of the spring is less than 23 km2 and forms part of the side wadis feeding the groundwater basin in wadi Shuaib. This study aims to assess the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution that may result from agricultural activities and Fuhais wastewater treatment plant using GIS and DRASTIC model functions. Each symbol of the DRASTIC refers to one of the seven DRASTIC model parameters: Depth to water (D), Net recharge (R), Aquifer formation (A), Soil (S), Topography or slope (T), Impact of vadose zone (I) and Hydraulic conductivity (C). The final map of vulnerability showed 5 classes with different percent for each. These were: very low (5%), low (16%), moderate (11%), high (34%) and very high (34%). In terms of area, the high and very high vulnerability classes distributed over 7.75 Km2, while the low vulnerability distributed over 1.10 Km2. Implementation of DRASTIC model showed increasing the vulnerability of ground water to contamination in the western part of study area because of the vadose zone and due to soil properties in this part of the study area. As such, vulnerability to pollution increased from the upstream area, where the treatment plant is located to the downstream area following the direction of flow and according to permeability. Water depth, net-recharge and media of aquifer had neglected effect of vulnerability map because it had one value at overall study area for each one. DRASTIC parameters could be arranged according to its effect on vulnerability map as I > S > C > T > (D = R = A).展开更多
The vulnerability to pollution of the area between Wadi Shueib and the Dead Sea in the Jordan Valley (AB1) subsurface basis was assessed and evaluated using raster calculation and DRASTIC model for imaging maps in thi...The vulnerability to pollution of the area between Wadi Shueib and the Dead Sea in the Jordan Valley (AB1) subsurface basis was assessed and evaluated using raster calculation and DRASTIC model for imaging maps in this research. The seven DRASTIC model parameters are: Depth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone and Hydraulic conductivity. The seven variables are evaluated by the rating and the weighting numerical indexes. The vulnerability parameters are categorized depending on a fixed interval of suburban area percentage. It showed that the ABI Subsurface was categorized by high vulnerability classes while the middle and western parts were categorized by high to extreme vulnerability classes. The southern part of the AB1 displayed low aquifer vulnerability. The vulnerability map shows the high risk suffered by the middle and western parts of the AB1 Subbasin due to the high possibility pollution of intensive fruit and vegetable cultivation.展开更多
文摘Groundwater resources in Jordan are under huge stresses. Accomplishing good water quality requires monitoring of water resources. Azraq spring considered the main source for drinking water of Fuhais City in Balqa governorate. The catchment area of the spring is less than 23 km2 and forms part of the side wadis feeding the groundwater basin in wadi Shuaib. This study aims to assess the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution that may result from agricultural activities and Fuhais wastewater treatment plant using GIS and DRASTIC model functions. Each symbol of the DRASTIC refers to one of the seven DRASTIC model parameters: Depth to water (D), Net recharge (R), Aquifer formation (A), Soil (S), Topography or slope (T), Impact of vadose zone (I) and Hydraulic conductivity (C). The final map of vulnerability showed 5 classes with different percent for each. These were: very low (5%), low (16%), moderate (11%), high (34%) and very high (34%). In terms of area, the high and very high vulnerability classes distributed over 7.75 Km2, while the low vulnerability distributed over 1.10 Km2. Implementation of DRASTIC model showed increasing the vulnerability of ground water to contamination in the western part of study area because of the vadose zone and due to soil properties in this part of the study area. As such, vulnerability to pollution increased from the upstream area, where the treatment plant is located to the downstream area following the direction of flow and according to permeability. Water depth, net-recharge and media of aquifer had neglected effect of vulnerability map because it had one value at overall study area for each one. DRASTIC parameters could be arranged according to its effect on vulnerability map as I > S > C > T > (D = R = A).
文摘The vulnerability to pollution of the area between Wadi Shueib and the Dead Sea in the Jordan Valley (AB1) subsurface basis was assessed and evaluated using raster calculation and DRASTIC model for imaging maps in this research. The seven DRASTIC model parameters are: Depth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone and Hydraulic conductivity. The seven variables are evaluated by the rating and the weighting numerical indexes. The vulnerability parameters are categorized depending on a fixed interval of suburban area percentage. It showed that the ABI Subsurface was categorized by high vulnerability classes while the middle and western parts were categorized by high to extreme vulnerability classes. The southern part of the AB1 displayed low aquifer vulnerability. The vulnerability map shows the high risk suffered by the middle and western parts of the AB1 Subbasin due to the high possibility pollution of intensive fruit and vegetable cultivation.
