The Global Attractor and Its Dimension Estimation of Generalized Kolmogorov-Petrovlkii-Piskunov Equation

In this paper, the initial boundary value problem of a class of nonlinear generalized Kolmogorov-Petrovlkii-Piskunov equations is studied. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and the bounded absorption set are proved by the prior estimation and the Galerkin finite element method, thus the existence of the global attractor is proved and the upper bound estimate of the global attractor is obtained.

Facile synthesis of Zn_2GeO_4 nanorods toward improved photocatalytic reduction of CO_2 into renewable hydrocarbon fuel

Zn2GeO4 nanorods were prepared by a surfactant-assisted solution phase route.The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer(ICP-AES),UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy.The possible formation mechanism of Zn2GeO4 nanorods was discussed.It was supposed that the CTA+ cations preferentially adsorb on the planes of Zn2GeO4 nanorods,leading to preferential growth along the c-axis to form the Zn2GeO4 rods with larger aspect ratio and higher surface area,which showed the improved photocatalytic activity for photoreduction of CO2.The photoluminescence(PL) property of Zn2GeO4 nanorods was investigated through the emission spectra.

Improvement of visible light-induced photocatalytic performance by Cr-doped SrTiO_3-carbon nitride intercalation compound (CNIC) composite

Novel organic-inorganic composite photocatalyst offers new opportunities in the practical applications of photocatalysis. Novel visible light-induced Cr-doped Sr Ti O3–carbon nitride intercalation compound(CNIC) composite photocatalysts were synthesized. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy, and BET surface area analyzer. The photocatalytic oxidation ability of the novel composite photocatalyst was evaluated using methyl orange(MO) as a target pollutant. The photocatalysts exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance in degrading MO. For maximizing the photodegradation activity of the composite photocatalysts, the optimal CNIC content was determined. The improved photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared Cr-doped Sr Ti O3–CNIC composite photocatalyst may be attributed to the enhancement of photo-generated electron–hole separations at the interface.

Visible Light-induced Cr-doped SrTiO_3-g-C_3N_4 Composite for Improved Photocatalytic Performance

Novel visible light-induced Cr-doped Sr Ti O3-g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts were synthesized by introducing polymeric g-C3N4. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM）, Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, photoluminescence（PL） spectroscopy and BET surface area measurements. The photocatalytic oxidation ability of the novel composite photocatalyst was evaluated using methyl orange（MO） as a target pollutant. The photocatalysts exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance in degrading MO. The optimal g-C3N4 content for the photodegradation activity of the composite photocatalysts was determined. The as-prepared composite photocatalyst exhibits an improved photocatalytic activity due to enhancement of photo-generated electron-hole separation at the interface.

Synthesis of BiVO_4-g-C_3N_4 Composite Photocatalyst with Improved Visible Light-induced Photocatalytic Activity

The novel visible light-induced carbon nitride（g-C3N4） and Bi VO4 composite photocatalysts were obtained through a simple mixing-calcination method. The physical and photophysical properties of the Bi VO4-g-C3N4 composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM）, photoluminescent（PL） spectroscopy, and BET surface area measurements. Photocatalytic oxidation ability of the prepared samples was examined by studying the degradation of rhodamine B（Rh B） as a target pollutant under visible-light irradiation. The composite photocatalysts exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic performance in degrading Rh B. The optimal g-C3N4 content of the composite photocatalysts was determined for the photodegradation activity. The improved photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared composite photocatalyst may be attributed to the enhancement of photo-generated electron-hole separation at the interface.

Synthesis of ZnGaNO solid solution–carbon nitride intercalation compound composite for improved visible light photocatalytic activity

Visible-light-driven ZnGaNO solid solution–carbon nitride intercalation compound(CNIC) composite photocatalyst was synthesized via a mixing and heating method. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy and BET surface area measurements. The activity of ZnGaNO–CNIC composite photocatalyst for photodegradation of methyl orange(MO) is higher than that of either single-phase CNIC or ZnGaNO solid solution. The as-prepared composite photocatalysts exhibit an improved photocatalytic activity due to enhancement for the separation and transport of photo-generated electron–hole pairs.

Establishment of Quality Standard for Freeze-dried Tablets of Polygonatum sibiricum and Study on Anti-tumor Activity of Diosgenin

[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard for freeze-dried tablets of Polygonatum sibiricum and to explore the antitumor activity of its extract diosgenin.[Methods]Taking freeze-dried powder samples of P.sibiricum from 4 different producing areas as materials,and referring to the quality standard of P.sibiricum in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition),the contents of total ash,moisture,extract,total sugar and diosgenin were determined by total ash determination method,drying method,hot dipping method,0.2%anthrone-sulfuric acid method and HPLC,respectively.The antitumor activities of diosgenin against A431(human epidermal carcinoma cells),H1975(human lung adenocarcinoma cells)and Ramos(human B lymphoblastoma cells)were investigated by MTT assay.[Results]The moisture content of the samples was 2.8%-4.7%(not more than 18.0%);the total ash content was 1.9%-3.4%(not more than 4.0%);the ethanol-soluble extract content was 72.99%-78.99%(not less than 45.0%);and the total sugar content was 7.95%-9.94%(not less than 7.0%).The lowest content of diosgenin was 0.18%,and diosgenin was significantly resistant to A431.[Conclusions]The content determination method established in the study is simple,accurate and reproducible.

A Family of Inertial Manifolds for a Class of Generalized Kirchhoff-Beam Equations

In this paper, we deal with a class of generalized Kirchhoff-Beam equations. At first, we take advantage of Hadamard’s graph to get the equivalent form of the original equations. Then, the inertial manifolds are proved by using spectral gap condition. We gain main result is that the family of inertial manifolds are established under the proper assumptions of nonlinear terms M(s) and N(s).

Influence of Cultural Connotation of Chinese and English Words on Intercultural Communication

It is essential for learners to know words'denotation and cultural connotation during intercultural communication. Different denotation and connotation of words are discussed from two aspects: animal and color.

A Cultural Interpretation of Mother-Daughter Conflicts in The Joy Luck Club

Amy Tan's novel The Joy Luck Club describes the complex relation between four Chinese immigrant mothers and their daughters who are raised in America.It reveals different cultural connotation between China and America.Misunderstand ing,conflicts,communication and then understanding reflects the process of clash,communication and blending between East and West.In this novel,mother is the medium of national history and memory,the carrier of Chinese culture and the bridge of past and present.On the contrary,daughters are raised in America.They are influenced by American culture.Cultural difference is the main cause of their conflicts.

Multigene phylogeny of the family Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales): new taxa and the new systematic position of the Chinese cordycipitoid fungus Paecilomyces hepiali

The phylogeny and systematics of cordycipitoid fungi have been extensively studied in the last two decades.However,systematic positions of some taxa in the family Cordycipitaceae have not yet been thoroughly resolved.In this study,a new phylogenetic framework of Cordycipitaceae is reconstructed using multigene(nrSSU,nrLSU,tef-1α,rpb1 and rpb2)sequence data with large-scale taxon sampling.In addition,ITS sequence data of species belonging to the Lecanicillium lineage in the family Cordycipitaceae are used to further determine their phylogenetic placements.Based on molecular phylogenetic data together with morphological evidence,two new genera(Flavocillium and Liangia),16 new species and four new combina-tions are introduced.In the new genus Flavocillium,one new species F.bifurcatum and three new combinations previously described as Lecanicillium,namely F.acerosium,F.primulinium and F.subprimulinium,are proposed.The genus Liangia is built by the new species Lia.sinensis with Lecanicillium-like asexual morph,isolated from an entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria yunnanensis.Due to the absence of Paecilomyces hepiali,an economically and medically significant fungus,in the earlier phylogenetic analyses,its systematic position has been puzzling in both business and academic communities for a long time.Here,P.hepiali is recharacterized using the holotype material along with seven additional samples.It is assigned to the genus Samsoniella(Cordycipitaceae,Hypocreales)possessing Cordyceps-like sexual morph and Isaria-like asexual morph,and thus a new combination,namely S.hepiali is proposed.An additional nine new species in Samsoniella are described:S.alpina,S.antleroides,S.cardinalis,S.cristata,S.lanmaoa,S.kunmingensis,S.ramosa,S.tortricidae and S.yunnanensis.Four new species in Cordyceps are described:C.chaetoclavata,C.cocoonihabita,C.shuifuensis and C.sub-tenuipes.Simplicillium yunnanense,isolated from synnemata of Akanthomyces waltergamsii,is described as a new species.

The Brillouin zones and band gaps of a two-dimensional phononic crystal with parallelogram lattice structure

We present a detailed theoretical study on the acoustic band structure of two-dimensional （2D） phononic crystal. The 2D pho- nonic crystal with parallelogram lattice structure is considered to be formed by rigid solid rods embedded in air. For the circu- lar rods, some of the extrema of the acoustic bands appear in the usual high-symmetry points and, in contrast, we find that some of them are located in other specific lines. For the case of elliptic rods, our results indicate that it is necessary to study the whole first Brillouin zone to obtain rightly the band structure and corresponding band gaps. Furthermore, we evaluate the first and second band gaps using the plane wave expansion method and find that these gaps can be tuned by adjusting the side lengths ratio R, inclined angle 0 and filling fraction F of the parallelogram lattice with circular rods. The results show that the largest value of the first band gap appears at θ=90° and F--0.7854. In contrast, the largest value of the second band gap is at θ=60° and F=0.9068. Our results indicate that the improvement of matching degree between scatterers and lattice pattern, ra- ther than the reduction of structural symmetry, is mainly responsible for the enhancement of the band gaps in the 2D phononic crystal.

Whole-Genome Sequencing and Analysis of the Chinese Herbal Plant Panax notoginseng

Dear Editor Panax notoginseng （Burk.） F.H. Chen （2n = 2x = 24, common name sanqi or tianql）, belonging to the Araliaceae family, is a slow-growing plant species documented in the ancient Chinese medical literatures for its ability to ameliorate hemostasis and improve blood circulation （Wang et al., 2016）. After decades of pharmacological research, a variety of P. notoginseng-specific secondary metabolites （notably ginsenosides, notoginsenosides and gypenosides） were isolated, identified, and implicated in conferring medicinal properties （Wang et al., 2016）.