Pomolic acid and its glucopyranose ester promote apoptosis through autophagy in HT-29 colon cancer cells

BACKGROUND Colon cancer remains a leading cause of death globally.Pomolic acid(PA)can be separated from the ethyl acetate fraction of achyrocline satureioides.AIM To determine the effects of PA and its glucopyranose ester,pomolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(PAO),on colon cancer HT-29 cells.METHODS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was used to measure cell viability.Apoptosis was detected via hoechst 33342 staining.PI single staining was identified by flow cytometry to determine the cycle and scratch assay was used to observe the migration of HT-29 cells.The levels of mRNA and proteins were evaluated by q polymerase chain reaction and western blotting,respectively.RESULTS PA and PAO considerably inhibited the growth of the HT-29 cell line in a time and dose-dependent manner.After the administration of PA and PAO for 24 and 48 h,cell apoptosis was significantly promoted and HT-29 cells were arrested in the G0/G1 stage.The Bax/Bcl2 ratio was also increased,which activated cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3,leading to apoptosis;it also increased the expression of light chain 3 II/I and Beclin1,which activated autophagy and caused cell death.This in turn increased the expression of p62 to promote cell apoptosis,inhibiting the levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and p-STAT3,suppressing the level of Bcl2,and promoting cell.CONCLUSION Both PA and PAO provide novel therapeutic strategies for treating colorectal cancer.

The role played by traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating COVID-19 in China

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),an ancient system of alternative medicine,played an active role in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in China.It improved the clinical symptoms of patients,reduced the mortality rate,improved the recovery rate,and effectively relieved the operating pressure on the national medical system during critical conditions.In light of the current global pandemic,TCM-related measures might open up a new channel in the control of COVID-19 in other countries and regions.Here,we summarize the TCM-related measures that were widely used in China,including TCM guidelines,the Wuchang pattern,mobile cabin hospitals,integrated treatment of TCM and modern medicine for critical patients,and non-medicine therapy for convalescent patients,and describe how TCM effectively treated patients afflicted with the COVID-19.Effective TCM therapies could,therefore,be recommended and practiced based on the existing medical evidence from increased scientific studies.