Mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between rumination and suicide attempts in Chinese adolescents with mood disorders

To the editor:Mood disorders(MD)are serious mental illnesses that commonly affect adolescents,leading to a high incidence of suicidal behaviour.1 In China,the suicide attempt(SA)rate for adolescents with MD is 51.96%,2 and over 500000 adolescent SA are reported annually in the USA due to depression.3 Risk factors for SA include gender,hormone levels,family conflict and,particularly,negative cognitive styles such as rumination.

Annual cost of illness of stomach and esophageal cancer patientsin urban and rural areas in China： A multi-center study

Objective： Stomach and esophageal cancer are imposing huge threats to the health of Chinese people whereasthere were few studies on the financial burden of the two cancers.Methods： Costs per hospitalization of all patients with stomach or esophageal cancer discharged betweenSeptember 2015 and August 2016 in seven cities/counties in China were collected, together with their demographicinformation and clinical details. Former patients in the same hospitals were sampled to collect information onannual direct non-medical cost, indirect costs and annual number of hospitalization. Annual direct medical cost wasobtained by multiplying cost per hospitalization by annual number of hospitalization. Annual cost of illness （ACI）was obtained by adding the average value of annual direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost and indirect cost,stratified by sex, age, clinical stage, therapy and pathologic type in urban and rural areas. Costs per hospitalizationwere itemized into eight parts to calculate the proportion of each part. All costs were converted to 2016 US dollars（1 USD：6.6423 RMB）.Results： Totally 19,986 cases were included, predominately male. Mean ages of stomach cancer and urbanpatients were lower than that of esophageal cancer and rural patients. ACI of stomach and esophageal cancerpatients were $10,449 and $13,029 in urban areas, and $2,927 and $3,504 in rural areas, respectively. Greater ACIwas associated with male, non-elderly patients as well as those who were in stage I and underwent surgeries.Western medicine fee took the largest proportion of cost per hospitalization.Conclusions： The ACI of stomach and esophageal cancer was tremendous and varied substantially among thepopulation in China. Preferential policies of medical insurance should be designed to tackle with this burden andfurther reduce the health care inequalities.

International collaboration to promote global health:The 2017 Belt and Road Initiative Global Health International Congress&2017 Chinese Preventive Medicine Association--Chinese Society on Global Health Annual Meeting

With the rapid development of new technologies and global trade and increasing collaboration am ong countries worldwide,public health has become a global issue.Global health,as a new discipline,has been drawing more attention from both academ ia and governments.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),proposed by China in 2013,aimed to prom ote trade and resource exchange,including education,research,and health issues,with over 60 countries in Asia,Africa,and Europe.The BRI provides good opportunities for involved countries to address health problems jointly as well.In response to the BRI and to promote international collaboration on global health issues,"The 2017 Belt and Road Initiative Global Health International Congress&2017 Chinese Preventive M edicine Association-Chinese Society on Global Health Annual Meeting"was held on Septem ber 24-27,2017 in Xi’an,China.Thus far,this is the largest high-quality international conference held in China that focused on the BRI global health issues.This article summarized the background,key sessions and topics covered during the congress,and important events,and highlights different perspectives of the BRI and global health by invited experts from China and abroad.The conference included 14 sessions(three keynote speech forums and ten scientific sessions and a research poster session)and about 100 speakers,around 40 of which were leading experts outside of China.All the major sessions were held in English.More than 40 leaders and experts of health sectors from 13 countries presented their work in the congress.Approximately 400 delegates from 29 countries attended the congress.Delegates had extensive discussions about global health related issues,future cooperation and development in global health.The congress fostered international exchange and collaboration.

Hepatic transcriptome signatures in mice and humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the main reason for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.As a starting point for NAFLD,the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)is receiving increasing attention.Mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD)and hereditary leptin deficiency(ob/ob)mice are important NAFL animal models.However,the comparison of these mouse models with human NAFL is still unclear.Methods:In this study,HFD-fed mice and ob/ob mice were used as NAFL animal models.Liver histopathological characteristics were compared,and liver transcriptome from both mouse models was performed using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).RNAseq data obtained from the livers of NAFL patients was downloaded from the GEO database.Global gene expression profiles in the livers were further analyzed using functional enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway.Results:Our results showed that the biochemical parameters of both mouse models and human NAFL were similar.Compared with HFD-fed mice,ob/ob mice were more similar in histologic appearance to NAFL patients.The liver transcriptome characteristics partly overlapped in mice and humans.Furthermore,in the NAFL pathway,most genes showed similar trends in mice and humans,thus demonstrating that both types of mice can be used as models for basic research on NAFL,considering the differences.Conclusion:Our findings show that HFD-fed mice and ob/ob mice can mimic human NAFL partly in pathophysiological process.The comparative analysis of liver transcriptome profile in mouse models and human NAFL presented here provides insights into the molecular characteristics across these NAFL models.

Age-dependent Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass and Visceral Fat Area in a Chinese Population

Objective:The present study was conducted to demonstrate the age-dependent changes in skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area in a population of Chinese adults aged 30-92 years old.Methods:A total of 6669 healthy Chinese men and 4494 healthy Chinese women aged 30-92 years old were assessed for their skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area.Results:The results showed age-dependent decreases in the total skeletal muscle mass indexes in both men and women aged 40-92 years old as well as age-dependent increases in the visceral fat area in men aged 30-92 years old and in women aged 30-80 years old.Multivariate regression models showed that the total skeletal muscle mass index was positively associated with the body mass index and negatively associated with the age and visceral fat area in both sexes.Conclusion:The loss of skeletal muscle mass becomes obvious at approximately 50 years of age,and the visceral fat area commences to increase at approximately 40 years of age in this Chinese population.

Evaluation of immunoprotection against coronavirus disease 2019:Novel variants,vaccine inoculation,and complications

The strikingly rapidly mutating nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)genome has been a constant challenge during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.In this study,various techniques,including reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests,and high-throughput sequencing were analyzed under different scenarios and spectra for the etiological diagnosis of COVID-19 at the population scale.This study aimed to summarize the latest research progress and provide up-to-date understanding of the methodology used for the evaluation of the immunoprotection conditions against future variants of SARS-CoV-2.Our novel work reviewed the current methods for the evaluation of the immunoprotection status of a specific population(endogenous antibodies)before and after vaccine inoculation(administered with biopharmaceutical antibody products).The present knowledge of the immunoprotection status regarding the COVID-19 complications was also discussed.Knowledge on the immunoprotection status of specific populations can help guide the design of pharmaceutical antibody products,inform practice guidelines,and develop national regulations with respect to the timing of and need for extra rounds of vaccine boosters.

A comparison study of prevalence,awareness,treatment and control rates of hypertension and associated factors among adults in China and the United States based on national survey data

Objective:This study compared the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension and associated factors in China and the United States(US).Methods:Adult data from nationally representative samples were derived from the Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2010 and 2013 in China and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 and 2013 in the US.Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analysis were conducted to assess associations of the four outcomes with body weight status and behavioral factors.Results:Age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension was 35.7%(95%confidence interval[CI]:35.4%to 36.1%)in 2010 and 29.8%(95%CI:29.4%to 30.2%)in 2013 in China,and 35.3%(95%CI:33.6%to 37.1%)in 2010 and 37.9%(95%CI:36.0%to 39.7%)in 2013 in the US.Among hypertensive participants,the age-standardized rates of treatment were 18.4%(95%CI:17.9%to 1&9%)in 2010 and 23.8%(95%CI:23.1%to 24.6%)in 2013 in China and 54.5%(95%CI:50.3%to 5&7%)in 2010 and 50.9%(95%CI:46.5%to 55.3%)in 2013 in the US;the age-standardized hypertension control rates were 3.2%(95%CI:3.0%to 3.5%)and 5.7%(95%CI:5.3%to 6.0%)in 2010 and 2013 in China and 50.6%(95%CI:46.2%to 55.0%)and 55.3%(95%CI:50.3%to 60.3%)in the US.Obesity was significantly associated with prevalence,awareness and control rates in both countries.Different from the US,obesity was negatively associated with hypertension control in China.Conclusion:Hypertension prevalence in China is similar to that in the US,but the control rate in China was significantly lower.Obesity was a critical risk factor for poor hypertension control in China.

Association and potential mediators between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in China:findings from a national cohort study

Objective:Socioeconomic status(SES)is associated with childhood obesity,but the underlying factors remain unknown.This study aimed to identify mediators that may explain SES disparities in childhood obesity in China.Methods:Nationally representative longitudinal data from the China Education Panel Survey of 11 o019 children(13.03±0.79)collected from 2013-2014 to 2016-2017 academic years.Overweight/obesity was defined using Chinese national body mass index cut-points.Principal component analysis was used to convert the four SES indicators(maternal and paternal education,and occupation)into one comprehensive variable.Mediation analysis for SES disparities in childhood obesity was conducted using structure equation models.Results:The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 12.8%,and was higher in boys than in girls(17.8%vs.7.6%,P<0.001)at baseline.Among boys,relative risk(RR)of obesity was 1.23(95%CI:1.09 to 1.40,P<O.001)for per unit change in SES.There was no significant association between obesity and SES among girls.Mediation analyses showed that among boys,birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's selfperceived weight status mediated 70.0%of the effects of SES on obesity.No mediation effect was detected in girls.Conclusions:Chinese boys are more likely to be overweight or obese than girls.SES may impact childhood obesity through birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's self-perceived body weight status in boys,but not in girls.More attention should be made to address childhood obesity in high SES families among boys.Interventions targeting at these mediators are needed.

Application of microfluidic chip technology in pharmaceutical analysis:A review

The development of pharmaceutical analytical methods represents one of the most significant aspects of drug development. Recent advances in microfabrication and microfluidics could provide new approaches for drug analysis, including drug screening, active testing and the study of metabolism. Microfluidic chip technologies, such as lab-on-a-chip technology, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, organs-on-chip and droplet techniques, have all been developed rapidly. Microfluidic chips coupled with various kinds of detection techniques are suitable for the high-throughput screening, detection and mechanistic study of drugs. This review highlights the latest (2010–2018) microfluidic technology for drug analysis and discusses the potential future development in this field.

Overview of the detection methods for equilibrium dissociation constant KD of drug-receptor interaction

Drug-receptor interaction plays an important role in a series of biological effects, such as cell pro- liferation, immune response, tumor metastasis, and drug delivery. Therefore, the research on drug-re- ceptor interaction is growing rapidly. The equilibrium dissociation constant （KD） is the basic parameter to evaluate the binding property of the drug-receptor. Thus, a variety of analytical methods have been established to determine the KD values, including radioligand binding assay, surface plasmon resonance method, fluorescence energy resonance transfer method, affinity chromatography, and isothermal ti- tration calorimetry. With the invention and innovation of new technology and analysis method, there is a deep exploration and comprehension about drug-receptor interaction. This review discusses the differ- ent methods of determining the KD values, and analyzes the applicability and the characteristic of each analytical method. Conclusively, the aim is to provide the guidance for researchers to utilize the most appropriate analytical tool to determine the KD values.

Preparation of monoclonal antibody against human KIAA0100 protein and Northern blot analysis of human KIAA0100 gene

Monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) are important tools for the study of proteins′ function and structure. But there has been no report on the preparation of MAbs against human KIAA0100 protein up to date. Here, first, we generated the mouse MAb against human KIAA0100 protein using purified recombinant 6×Histidinc(6×His)-tagged human KIAA0100 protein segment(1557–2234) as an antigen; then, the m RNA expression of human KIAA0100 gene was detected in U937 cells using Northern blot analysis. The results showed that the mouse MAb against human KIAA0100 protein could sensitively recognize the human KIAA0100 protein using Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry analysis. Besides, Western blot analysis revealed that human KIAA0100 gene possibly encoded two different protein products(254 k Da and < 250 k Da) in U937 cells. Moreover,Northern blot analysis confirmed that human KIAA0100 gene might produced two different m RNA products(6000–10000 bp and 5000–6000 bp) in U937 cells. The results provide a basis for large-scale production of the MAb against human KIAA0100 protein, which will be useful for the study of human KIAA0100 protein′s function/structure and MAb-targeted drugs in the future.

Signatures within esophageal microbiota with progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is one of the dominant malignances worldwide, but currently there is less focus on the microbiota with ESCC and its precancerous lesions.Methods: Paired esophageal biopsy and swab specimens were obtained from 236 participants in Linzhou, China.Data from 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were processed using quantitative insights into microbial ecology(QIIME2) and R Studio to evaluate differences. The Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to compare diversity and characteristic genera by specimens and participant groups. Ordinal logistic regression model was used to build microbiol prediction model.Results: Microbial diversity was similar between biopsy and swab specimens, including operational taxonomic unit(OTU) numbers and Shannon index. There were variations and similarities of esophageal microbiota among different pathological characteristics of ESCC. Top 10 relative abundance genera in all groups include Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella, Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Alloprevotella, Rothia, Gemella and Porphyromonas. Genus Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Porphyromonas showed significantly difference in disease groups when compared to normal control, whereas Streptococcus showed an increasing tendency with the progression of ESCC and others showed a decreasing tendency. About models based on all combinations of characteristic genera, only taken Streptococcus and Neisseria into model, the prediction performance was the ideal one, of which the area under the curve(AUC) was 0.738.Conclusions: Esophageal biopsy and swab specimens could yield similar microbial characterization. The combination of Streptococcus and Neisseria has the potential to predict the progression of ESCC, which is needed to confirm by large-scale, prospective cohort studies.

Fruit and vegetable consumption and its relation to risk of asthenopia among Chinese college students

AIM： To investigate the associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of asthenopia among Chinese college students. METHODS： A total of 1022 students were selected from five universities by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. They were surveyed via a self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic features, dietary and lifestyle habits, eye-related symptoms, eye care habits and history of diseases. Ascertainment of asthenopia was based on participants＇ subjectively reported symptoms. The associations between fruit and vegetable intake with asthenopia risk were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS： There were no significant associations between total fruit and vegetable, total vegetable, or fruit and the risk of asthenopia. Higher intake of dark-green leafy vegetable was likely to be inversely associated with asthenopia risk [odd ratio （OR）： 0.60; 95%CI： 0.37-0.97; Ptrend=0.21] after controlling for nondietary and dietary risk factors. Stratified analysis showed that the inverse association between dark-green leafy vegetable intake and asthenopia risk was limited to participants with suboptimal eyesight （OR： 0.45; 95%CI： 0.25-0.82; Ptrend=0.05）, wearing glasses （OR： 0.35; 95%CI： 0.17-0.72; Ptrend=0.03） or using computer ≥3h/d （OR： 0.48; 95%CI： 0.25-0.93; Ptrend=0.08）. CONCLUSION： A higher consumption of dark-green leafy vegetable is associated with a lower asthenopia risk among college students with suboptimal eyesight and poor eye care habits.

Bioinformatic prediction and functional characterization of human KIAA0100 gene

Our previous study demonstrated that human KIAA0100 gene is a novel acute monocytic leukemia-associated antigen(MLAA) gene. But the functional characterization of human KIAA0100 gene has remained unknown to date. Here, firstly, bioinformatic prediction of human KIAA0100 gene was carried out using online software;Secondly, human KIAA0100 gene expression was downregulated by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas) 9 system in U937 cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were next evaluated in KIAA0100-knockdown U937 cells. The bioinformatic prediction showed that human KIAA0100 gene was located on 17q11.2, and human KIAA0100 protein was located in the secretory pathway. Besides, human KIAA0100 protein contained a signal peptide, a transmembrane region, three types of secondary structures(alpha helix, extended strand, and random coil), and four domains from mitochondrial protein 27(FMP27). The observation on functional characterization of human KIAA0100 gene revealed that its downregulation inhibited cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis in U937 cells. To summarize, these results suggest human KIAA0100 gene possibly comes within mitochondrial genome; moreover, it is a novel anti-apoptotic factor related to carcinogenesis or progression in acute monocytic leukemia, and may be a potential target for immunotherapy against acute monocytic leukemia.

Overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-gold nanoparticles-graphene-modified electrode for the simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid

An innovative,ternary nanocomposite composed of overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(OPEDOT),gold nanoparticles(Au NPs),and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide(ERGO)was prepared on a glassy carbon electrode(GCE)(OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE)through homogeneous chemical reactions and heterogeneous electrochemical methods.The morphology,composition,and structure of this nanocomposite were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The electrochemical properties of the OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry using potassium ferricyanide and hexaammineruthenium(III)chloride redox probe systems.This modified electrode shows excellent electro-catalytic activity for dopamine(DA)and uric acid(UA)under physiological p H conditions,but inhibits the oxidation of ascorbic acid(AA).Linear voltammetric responses were obtained when DA concentrations of approximately 4.0-100μM and UA concentrations of approximately 20-100μM were used.The detection limits(S/N=3)for DA and UA were 1.0 and 5.0μM,respectively,under physiological conditions and in the presence of 1.0 m M of AA.This developed method was applied to the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in human urine,where satisfactory recoveries from 96.7%to 105.0%were observed.This work demonstrates that the developed OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO ternary nanocomposite,with its excellent ion-selectivity and electro-catalytic activity,is a promising candidate for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in the presence of AA in physiological and pathological studies.

Increased Chondrocyte Apoptosis in Kashin-Beck Disease and Rats Induced by T-2 Toxin and Selenium Deficiency

Objective To investigate chondrocyte apoptosis and the expression of biochemical markers associated with apoptosis in Kashin-Beck disease（KBD） and in an established T-2 toxin-and selenium（Se） deficiency-induced rat model. Methods Cartilages were collected from the hand phalanges of five patients with KBD and five healthy children. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a selenium-deficient diet for 4 weeks prior to T-2 toxin exposure. The apoptotic chondrocytes were observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling staining. Caspase-3, p53, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins in the cartilages were visualized by immunohistochemistry, their protein levels were determined by Western blotting, and m RNA levels were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Increased chondrocyte apoptosis was observed in the cartilages of children with KBD. Increased apoptotic and caspase-3-stained cells were observed in the cartilages of rats fed with normal and Se-deficient diets plus T-2 toxin exposure compared to those in rats fed with normal and Se-deficient diets. Caspase-3, p53, and Bax proteins and m RNA levels were higher, whereas Bcl-2 levels were lower in rats fed with normal or Se-deficiency diets supplemented with T-2 toxin than the corresponding levels in rats fed with normal diet. Conclusion T-2 toxin under a selenium-deficient nutritional status induces chondrocyte death, which emphasizes the role of chondrocyte apoptosis in cartilage damage and progression of KBD.

Effects of lipid-lowering agents on diabetic retinopathy: a Meta-analysis and systematic review

AIM：To clarify this controversy and to provide evidence for application of lipid lowering agents in treatment of diabetic retinopathy（DR）.METHODS：We searched the databases of Pub Med,Embase and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL）and abstracts from main annual meetings up to January 1,2017.Google scholar and Clinical Trials.gov were also searched for unpublished relevant studies.We included randomized controlled trials（RCTs）that studied lipid-lowering agents in type 1 or type 2 diabetes in this Meta-analysis.The primary endpoint was the progression of DR,and the secondary endpoints included vision loss,development of diabetic macular edema（DME）and aggravation of hard exudates.The pooled odds ratios（OR）with corresponding 95%confidence intervals（95%CIs）were calculated.RESULTS：After systemic and manual literature search by two independent investigators,we included 8 RCTs from 7 published articles with 13 454 participants in this Meta-analysis.The results revealed that lipid-lowering drugs were associated with reduced risk in DR progression[OR=0.77（95%CI：0.62,0.96）,P=0.02].Lipid-lowering agents might have protective effect on DME compared to placebo,although the difference was not statistically significant[OR=0.60（95%CI：0.34,1.08）,P=0.09].However,no significant differences in the worsening of vision acuity[OR=0.96（95%CI：0.81,1.14）,P=0.64]and hard exudates[OR=0.50（95%CI：0.15,1.74）,P=0.28]were found between the lipidlowering drugs and the placebo groups.CONCLUSION：In DR patients,lipid-lowering agents show a protective effect on DR progression and might be associated with reduced risk in the development of DME.However,lipid-lowering agents have no effects on vision loss and hard exudates aggravation.Further clinical trials in larger scale are required to confirm the conclusion of this study and thus justify the use of intensive control lipids with anti-lipid agents at the early stages of DR.

Physical activity and risk of age-related cataract

AIM: To summarize quantitatively the prospective association between physical activity and age-related cataract(ARC) risk.METHODS: Pub Med, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for all relevant follow up studies until July 2019. Multivariableadjusted relative risks(RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) from individual studies were used to calculate the overall summary estimates. The doseresponse relationship was assessed using generalized least-squares trend estimation.RESULTS: Six prospective cohort studies, involving 19 173 cases in 6.2-12.1 y follow up of 171 620 participants, were included in the analysis. Increased physical activity was significantly associated with reduced risk of ARC by 10%(RR: 0.90;95%CI: 0.81, 0.99, P=0.04). Stratified analysis by assessment method for physical activity suggest that studies using metabolic equivalent(MET) per day tended to report a slightly stronger association with ARC(RR: 0.85;95%CI: 0.81, 0.90, P<0.001) than studies which assessed activity by weekly activity(RR: 0.96;95%CI: 0.89, 1.03, P=0.24). Dose-response analysis indicated that the risk of ARC decreased by 2%(RR: 0.98;95%CI: 0.98, 0.99, P<0.001) for every 6 METs per day increase in activity.CONCLUSION: The findings from this Meta-analysis provide additional evidence that increased physical activity is inversely associated with ARC risk dose-responsively.

Effect of intradermal needle therapy at combined acupoints on patients’ gastrointestinal function following surgery for gastrointestinal tumors

BACKGROUND Postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery is critical for rapid rehabilitation of patients with gastrointestinal tumors.Traditional Chinese medicine offers considerable advantages for gastrointestinal disease treatment.However,no study has reported the clinical efficacy of intradermal needle therapy(INT)at the Yuan-source,Luo-connecting,and He-sea points of the corresponding meridian for gastrointestinal function in patients following surgery for gastrointestinal tumors.AIM To investigate the effect of INT at combined acupoints on patients’gastrointestinal function following surgery for gastrointestinal tumors.METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University on patients with diagnosed gastrointestinal cancer,no distant metastases or organ failure,and hospitalized for elective radical tumor resection,who did not receive preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention(n=32)or the control(n=32)group.Participants in the control group received enhanced recovery care,while those in the intervention group received enhanced recovery care combined with INT at the Yuan-source,Luo-connecting,and He-sea points.After surgery,INT was performed immediately upon the patient's return to the ward,and continued for seven consecutive days.The independent samples t-test,chi-square test,and generalized estimating equations were used for data analysis.RESULTS The participants’ages ranged from 40 to 80 years(average 63±10.1 years).Most participants underwent surgery for either gastric(43.8%)or colon cancer(39.1%)and had adenocarcinoma(87.5%).Significant differences were noted in time to first postoperative flatus passage(66±27 h vs 103±41 h,P<0.001),time to first defecation(106±44 h vs 153±50 h,P<0.001),and time to first oral feeding(73±30 h vs 115±38 h,P<0.001)between the intervention and control groups.Gastrointestinal symptoms,including abdominal distension,nausea,and fatigue 48 h and 72 h after surgery,were significantly alleviated in the intervention group compared with that observed in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION INT at the Yuan-source,Luo-connecting,and He-sea points can promote recovery of gastrointestinal function and ease gastrointestinal symptoms in patients following surgical resection of gastrointestinal tumors.

Pharmacokinetics of gene recombined angiogenesis inhibitor Kringle 5 in vivo using 131I specific markers and SPECT/CT

The previous pharmacokinetic methods can be only limited to drug analysis in vitro, which provide less information on the distribution and metabolismof drugs, and limit the interpretation and assessment of pharmacokinetics, the determination of metabolic principles, and evaluation of treatment effect. The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of gene recombination angiogenesis inhibitor Kringle 5 in vivo. The SPECT/CT and specific^(131)I-Kringle 5 marked by Iodogen method were both applied to explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of^(131)I-Kringle 5 in vivo, and to investigate the dynamic distributions of^(131)I-Kringle 5 in target organs. Labeling recombinant angiogenesis inhibitor Kringle 5 using131 I with longer half-life and imaging in vivo using SPECT instead of PET,could overcome the limitations of previous methods. When the doses of^(131)I-Kringle 5 were 10.0, 7.5 and5.0 g/kg, respectively, the two-compartment open models can be determined within all the metabolic process in vivo. There were no significant differences in t1/2α, t1/2β, apparent volume of distribution and CL between those three levels. The ratio of AUC(0 1)among three different groups of 10.0, 7.5 and 5.0 g/kg was 2.56:1.44:1.0, which was close to the ratio(2:1.5:1.0). It could be clear that in the range of 5.0–10.0 g/kg, Kringle 5 was characterized by the first-order pharmacokinetics. Approximately 30 min after^(131)I-Kringle 5 was injected,^(131)I-Kringle 5 could be observed to concentrate in the heart, kidneys, liver and other organs by means of planar imaging and tomography. After 1 h of being injected, more radionuclide retained in the bladder, but not in intestinal. It could be concluded that^(131)I-Kringle 5 is mainly excreted through the kidneys. About 2 h after the injection of^(131)I-Kringle 5, the radionuclide in the heart, kidneys,liver and other organs was gradually reduced, while more radionuclide was concentrated in the bladder.The radionuclide was completely metabolized within 24 h, and the distribution of radioactivity in rats was similar to normal levels. In our study, the specific marker^(131)I-Kringle 5 and SPECT/CT were successfully used to explore pharmacokinetic characteristics of Kringle 5 in rats. The study could provide a new evaluation platform of the specific, in vivo and real-time functional imaging and pharmacokinetics for the clinical application of^(131)I-Kringle 5.