Retrospective Epidemiological Investigation on Nosocomial Neonatal Sepsis in Shaanxi Province (2008-2010)

Objective: This study assessed the incidence, mortality, and pathogens associated with nosocomial neonatal sepsis (NNS) in Shaanxi Province to improve the prevention and control of NNS. Methods: Nine large neonatal departments in Shaanxi Province participated in this retrospective epidemiological investigation of NNS during the period of 2008-2010, using standardized protocol. The incidence, mortality, pathogens, antibiotic sensitivity, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and costs were analyzed. Results: Of 16,642 neonates admitted to neonatal departments in the 9 hospitals during 2008-2010, there were 139 cases of NNS, with incidence of 8.3% and mortality of 20.8%. The predominant pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 67.6% of positive cultures. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 24.5% and fungal infection accounted for 7.9%. The most common Gram-negative species were Klebsiella pneumonia (22.3%), Escherichia coli (15.1%), and Enterobacter cloacae (8.6%). The dominant Gram-positive species identified were coagulase negative staphylococcal species (CONS) (8.6%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (7.9%). The recovered bacterial pathogens demonstrated varying antibiotic resistance, but no meropenem-or-vancomycin-resistant strains were detected. Preterm and full-term infants showed significant difference in clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, mortality, and cost. Conclusion: NNS in the hospitals of Shaanxi Province showed a decreasing trend from 2008 to 2010, but the mortality did not reduce significantly. The predominant bacteria were Gram negative, and pathogens were found to have varying antibiotic resistance. The preterm group had higher mortality and costs than the full-term infants. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to control NNS, especially in preterm infants.

Development of a Pipeline Pulsating Pressure Excitation Device and System

The high turbulence of unstable combustion in the working process of liquid rocket engine will cause periodic pressure pulsation.Therefore,a pressure pulsation device that is easy to reuse,broadband,suited for poisonous media,and high pressure is designed and produced.Numerical and experimental studies show that the pulsator produces stable pressure waveforms at different flow rates,pressures,and frequencies,while the pressure waveform amplitude at the excitation frequency is larger.The pressure waveform amplitude increases exponentially with the flow rate and with smaller gaps and linear pressure increasing.The pressure waveform amplitude varies greatly at different frequencies along the pipeline.As the frequency increases,the pressure waveform amplitude of the excitation increases first and then decreases.The pressure waveform amplitude at low frequencies changes little along the pipeline.The pressure waveform amplitude at medium frequencies readily couples to the pipeline flow field and increases its value.The pressure waveform amplitude at high frequencies attenuates along the pipeline,where attenuation increases with frequency.The ability of the pulsator to provide stable excitation and high pressure is verified through normal and high pressure testsindifferentpipelinesystems.

使用仿制度洛西汀或帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症:一项多中心、双盲、双安慰剂、随机对照临床试验（英文）

背景:本研究是经国家食品药品监督管理总局批准的仿制度洛西汀注册前试验(批准号:2006L01603)。目的:比较仿制度洛西汀和帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症患者的疗效和安全性。方法:这是一项双盲双安慰剂(double dummy)、多中心、有效药物(帕罗西汀)平行随机对照临床试验。将纳入的299例抑郁症患者随机分组,使用度洛西汀(n=149;40-60 mg/d)或帕罗西汀(n=150;20 mg/d)连续治疗8周。在基线和开始治疗后的第1、2、4、6和8周使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression rating scale,HAMD-17)评估。缓解的定义为研究终点HAMD-17评分低于8分,治疗有效的定义为研究终点HAMD-17得分较基线至少降低了50%。根据报告的不良反应的发生率、严重程度以及实验室检查结果、心电图结果的变化来评估安全性。度洛西汀组中有三例患者在开始用药前退出,采用修正的意向治疗分析(intention-to-treat,ITT)方法以比较研究组146例患者和对照组150例患者的研究结果。结果:在8周的研究期间两组有均29例患者脱落。与基线比,两组HAMD-17评分在整个试验过程中均显著降低。根据ITT分析,研究终点时度洛西汀组和帕罗西汀组在疗效方面差异无统计学意义(67.1%v.71.3%,X2=0.62,p=0.433),缓解率(41.1%v.51.3%,X2=3.12,p=0.077)及不良作用发生率56.8%v.54.7%,X2=0.14,p=0.705)等方面的差异也无统计学意义。结论:对于在国内精神科门诊就医的抑郁症患者而言,急性期使用仿制度洛西汀与使用帕罗西汀同样安全有效。

ISOLATION AND INDUCTION OF RABBIT BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS TO EXPRESS CHONDROCYTIC PHENOTYPE

Objective To isolate rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and observe the inducing effect of growth factors on MSCs to express chondrocytic phenotype. Methods MSCs were seperated from bone marrow of New Zealand rabbit. TGF-β 1, IGF-I, Vitamin C and dexamethasone were added into culture medium to induce proliferation and differention of MSCs. Procollagen α1(Ⅱ) mRNA in cells was detected by RT-PCR to observe the chondrogenous effect of inducing factors. ALP in culture medium was detected by automatic biochemical analyser, and lipid droplet in cells was stained by Sudan Ⅲ to clarify whether these factors given had osteogenic and adipogenic potential. Results Expression of articular cartilage specific procollagen α1 (Ⅱ)mRNA was promoted by inducing factors-TGF-β 1, IGF-I, Vitamine C and dexamethasone; elevated level of ALP in culture medium and lipid droplet in cells were also detected. Whereas ALP level was decreased and lipid stain were negative in groups without dexamethasone. Conclusion ① Expression of chondrocytic phenotype by MSCs could be induced by the synergistic action of TGF-β 1, IGF-I and Vitamine C. ② Dexmathasone had osteogenic and adipogenic potential, it should not be chosen to induce chondrogenic differention of MSCs.

Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis from Nitrogen and Water by One-Step Plasma Catalysis

Sustainable ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions that relies on renewable sources of energy and feedstocks is globally sought to replace the Haber-Bosch process.Here,using nitrogen and water as raw materials,a nonthermal plasma catalysis approach is demonstrated as an effective powerto-chemicals conversion strategy for ammonia production.By sustaining a highly reactive environment,successful plasma-catalytic production of NH_(3) was achieved from the dissociation of N_(2) and H_(2)O under mild conditions.Plasma-induced vibrational excitation is found to decrease the N_(2) and H_(2)O dissociation barriers,with the presence of matched catalysts in the nonthermal plasma discharge reactor contributing significantly to molecular dissociation on the catalyst surface.Density functional theory calculations for the activation energy barrier for the dissociation suggest that ruthenium catalysts supported on magnesium oxide exhibit superior performance over other catalysts in NH_(3) production by lowering the activation energy for the dissociative adsorption of N_(2) down to 1.07 eV.The highest production rate,2.67 mmol gcat.^(-1) h^(-1),was obtained using ruthenium catalyst supported on magnesium oxide.This work highlights the potential of nonthermal plasma catalysis for the activation of renewable sources to serve as a new platform for sustainable ammonia production.

Decadal-centennial hydroclimate variability over eastern China during the last millennium:Results from the product of Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation

Decadal–centennial hydroclimate variability over eastern China during the last millennium is investigated using the product of Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation(PHYDA).Results reveal that the PHYDA depicts a more homogeneous temporal pattern during the early part of the Little Ice Age with other reconstructions than those during the other periods,and could also identify the droughts of 1352–90 AD,1445–98 AD,1580–94 AD,and 1626–65 AD during this period.On centennial time scales,the PHYDA shows that the linkage between the Palmer drought severity index over eastern China and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)index is more marked than that with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the location of the intertropical convergence zone over the Asian–Australian monsoon area during the period after the 1350s.For the decadal droughts,the PHYDA suggests most of the drought events during the last millennium were linked to the El Niño–like mean states and the negative AMO states.

Investigation of Combining Serum Tumor Biomarkers and Clinical Features for Elderly Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Classification

To evaluate the diagnosis model of serum tumor biomarker and several clinical features diagnose and classification for lung cancer, the solid protein chip technology (C-12) was used to detect the biomarkers of SF, CEA, CA242, NSE, CA125, CA19-9 and CA15-3 in serum and several clinical features of tumors and benign disease in elderly lung cancer patients were collected. Set up a discriminating analysis as a function diagnostic model in clinical elderly lung cancer diagnosis and sub-type discrimination. In combination of 2 obvious clinical indicators and 2 serum markers, it is possible to provide a diagnosis tool for lung cancer. With the help of mathematic model, it is promising to reduce the misjudgment risk based on the previous experience and therefore establish a reliable diagnosing function. This model is simple, cost-effective and easy to adapt in practice, and can also be used in screening of large population.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Consensus from Surgical Specialists of China

Cholangiocarcinoma refers to malignant tumors that develop in epithelial lining of biliary system, and it is divided into two categories according to tumor location, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC） and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ECC）. ICC occurs from the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic bile duct, its branches and interlobular biliary tree; and ECC is divided into hilar cholangiocarcinoma and distal cholangiocarcinoma by the circumscription at the confluence of cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.

Consensus on the digestive endoscopic tunnel technique

With the digestive endoscopic tunnel technique(DETT), many diseases that previously would have been treated by surgery are now endoscopically curable by establishing a submucosal tunnel between the mucosa and muscularis propria(MP). Through the tunnel, endoscopic diagnosis or treatment is performed for lesions in the mucosa, in the MP, and even outside the gastrointestinal(GI) tract.At present, the tunnel technique application range covers the following:(1)Treatment of lesions originating from the mucosal layer, e.g., endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for oesophageal large or circular early-stage cancer or precancerosis;(2) treatment of lesions from the MP layer, per-oral endoscopic myotomy, submucosal tunnelling endoscopic resection, etc.; and(3) diagnosis and treatment of lesions outside the GI tract, such as resection of lymph nodes and benign tumour excision in the mediastinum or abdominal cavity. With the increasing number of DETTs performed worldwide, endoscopic tunnel therapeutics, which is based on DETT, has been gradually developed and optimized. However, there is not yet an expert consensus on DETT to regulate its indications, contraindications, surgical procedure, and postoperative treatment.The International DETT Alliance signed up this consensus to standardize the procedures of DETT. In this consensus, we describe the definition, mechanism,and significance of DETT, prevention of infection and concepts of DETTassociated complications, methods to establish a submucosal tunnel, and application of DETT for lesions in the mucosa, in the MP and outside the GI tract(indications and contraindications, procedures, pre-and postoperative treatments, effectiveness, complications and treatments, and a comparison between DETT and other operations).

EFFECT OF STENT ABSORBED c-myc ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE ON SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS APOPTOSIS IN RABBIT CAROTID ARTERY

Objective To investigate the effect of gelatin coated Platinium-Iridium stent absorbed c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) on smooth muscle cells apoptosis in a normal rabbit carotid arteries. Methods Gelatin coated Platinium-Iridium stents were implanted in the right carotid arteries of 32 rabbits under vision. Animals were randomly divided into control group and treated group receiving c-myc ASODN ( n =16, respectively). On 7, 14, 30 and 90 days following the stenting procedure ,morphometry for caculation of neointimal area and mean neointimal thickness were performed.The expression of c-myc protein was detected by immunohistochemical method. Apoptotic smooth muscle cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results At 7 and 14 days after stenting,there were no detectable apoptotic cells in both groups. The apoptotic cells occurred in the neointima 30 and 90 days after stenting, and the number of apoptotic cells at 30 days were less [4.50±1.29 vs 25.75±1.89 (number/0.1mm 2)] than that at 90 days [13.50±1.91 vs 41.50±6.46 (number/0.1mm 2)]. Meanwhile c-myc ASODN induced more apoptotic cells than the control group( P <0.0001). c-myc protein expression was weak positive or negative in treated group and positive in control group.Conclusion c-myc ASODN can induce smooth muscle cells apoptosis after stenting in normal rabbit carotid arteries,and it can be used to prevent in-stent restenosis.

Accidental venous port placement via the persistent left superior vena cava:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Breast cancer poses a great threat to females worldwide.There are various therapies available to cure this common disease,such as surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy.Implantable venous access ports(IVAP,referred to as PORT)have been widely used for breast cancer chemotherapy.Venous malformations are possible conditions encountered during PORT implantation.Persistent left superior vena cava(PLSVC)is a common superior vena cava malformation.Most patients have normal right superior vena cava without affecting hemodynamics,so patients often have no obvious symptoms.CASE SUMMARY We incidentally found that two patients had PLSVC while a PORT was implanted via the internal jugular vein.Due to chemotherapy for breast cancer,PORT was successfully implanted under the guidance of ultrasound into these 2 patients.Positive chest X-ray examination after the operation showed that the catheter ran beside the left mediastinum and the end was located in the seventh thoracic vertebra.The patients had no catheter-related complications and successfully completed the course of chemotherapy.Ultrasonography found that the ratio of PORT outer diameter to PLSVC inner diameter was less than 0.45,which was in line with the recommendations of relevant literature and operating guidelines.The purpose of this article is to introduce two rare cases and review the relevant literature.CONCLUSION Correct assessment of PLSVC status and ultrasound-guided PORT placement generally does not affect breast cancer patients chemotherapy.

MUTATION OF THE ENDOTHELIN-B RECEPTOR AND THE ENDOTHELIN-3 GENE IN CHINESE SPORADIC CASES OF HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE

Objective To investigate the mutation of endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) gene and endothelin 3 (EDN 3) gene in sporadic Hirschsprungs disease (HD) in Chinese population. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from bowel tissues of 34 unrelated HD patients which were removed by surgery. Exon 3, 4, 6 of EDNRB gene and Exon 1, 2 of EDN 3 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP).Results EDNRB mutations were detected in 2 of the 13 short segment HDs. One mutant was in the exon 3; the other one was in the exon 6. EDN 3 mutation was detected in 1 of the 13 short segment HDs and in the exon 2. Both EDNRB mutation and EDN 3 mutation were detected in one short segment HD. No mutations were detected in the ordinary or long segment HD. Conclusion The mutations of EDNRB gene and EDN 3 gene are found in the short segment HD of sporadic Hirschsprung's disease in Chinese population, which suggests that the EDNRB gene and EDN 3 gene play important roles in the pathogenesis of HD. the mutations of EDNRB and EDN 3 lead to the maldevelopment of the enteric nervous system.

A Study on China's Marriage Squeeze

China's male marriage squeeze and its potential consequence have attracted much attention and given rise to debate, but most studies contribute this squeeze to sex structure and neglect the age structure, and some studies use fl awed method to study the contribution of age structure in this squeeze. In this paper we develop an indicator of Spousal Sex Ratio(SSR) and apply a decomposition method into age and sex structure. Based on the data from China's 2010 census and projection, we predict that from 2010 to 2020, the age structure will be the dominant factor for China's male marriage squeeze, and from 2020 to 2034, the contribution of sex structure will be increasing, whereas that of age structure will be decreasing. From 2034 to 2045, China's male marriage squeeze will mainly from imbalanced sex structure, and the age structure will contribute little or negatively to China's male marriage squeeze.

A biomimetic nanoplatform for customized photothermal therapy of HNSCC evaluated on patient-derived xenograft models

Cancer cell membrane(CCM)derived nanotechnology functionalizes nanoparticles(NPs)to recognize homologous cells,exhibiting translational potential in accurate tumor therapy.However,these nanoplatforms are majorly generated from fixed cell lines and are typically evaluated in cell line-derived subcutaneous-xenografts(CDX),ignoring the tumor heterogeneity and differentiation from inter-and intra-individuals and microenvironments between heterotopic-and orthotopic-tumors,limiting the therapeutic efficiency of such nanoplatforms.Herein,various biomimetic nanoplatforms(CCM-modified gold@Carbon,i.e.,Au@C-CCM)were fabricated by coating CCMs of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)cell lines and patient-derived cells on the surface of Au@C NP.The generated Au@C-CCMs were evaluated on corresponding CDX,tongue orthotopic xenograft(TOX),immunecompetent primary and distant tumor models,and patient-derived xenograft(PDX)models.The Au@C-CCM generates a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 44.2% for primary HNSCC therapy and induced immunotherapy to inhibit metastasis via photothermal therapy-induced immunogenic cell death.The homologous CCM endowed the nanoplatforms with optimal targeting properties for the highest therapeutic efficiency,far above those with mismatched CCMs,resulting in distinct tumor ablation and tumor growth inhibition in all four models.This work reinforces the feasibility of biomimetic NPs combining modular designed CMs and functional cores for customized treatment of HNSCC,can be further extended to other malignant tumors therapy.

Hand Gestures Recognition Based on One-Channel Surface EMG Signal

This paper presents an experiment using OPENBCI to collect data of two hand gestures and decoding the signal to distinguish gestures. The signal was extracted with three electrodes on the subiect’s forearm and transferred in one channel. After utilizing a Butterworth bandpass filter, we chose a novel way to detect gesture action segment. Instead of using moving average algorithm, which is based on the calculation of energy, We developed an algorithm based on the Hilbert transform to find a dynamic threshold and identified the action segment. Four features have been extracted from each activity section, generating feature vectors for classification. During the process of classification, we made a comparison between K-nearest-neighbors (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM), based on a relatively small amount of samples. Most common experiments are based on a large quantity of data to pursue a highly fitted model. But there are certain circumstances where we cannot obtain enough training data, so it makes the exploration of best method to do classification under small sample data imperative. Though KNN is known for its simplicity and practicability, it is a relatively time-consuming method. On the other hand, SVM has a better performance in terms of time requirement and recognition accuracy, due to its application of different Risk Minimization Principle. Experimental results show an average recognition rate for the SVM algorithm that is 1.25% higher than for KNN while SVM is 2.031 s shorter than that KNN.

Matter and radiation at extremes:Prospects and impacts

High-energy-density science(HEDS)has been recognized as a comprehensive new area of physical science,with the potential to revolutionize various scientific and technological fields,including nuclear fusion,particle acceleration,astrophysics,and the properties of condensed matter under extreme conditions.That is why this journal,Matter and Radiation at Extremes(MRE),was established five years ago by the China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP)with the mission of informing the worldwide scientific community about progress related to HEDS,whether this be in the basic physics.

Analysis of long-term outcomes and application of the tumor regression grading system in the therapeutic assessment of resectable limited-disease small cell lung cancer

Objective The present study attempted to evaluate the value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in limiteddisease small cell lung cancer(LD-SCLC),and to identify the predictive value of the tumor regression grading(TRG) system in LD-SCLC treatment-response and prognosis.Methods The records of patients with LD-SCLC(p-Stage I–IIIa) who underwent definitive radical resection at Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital between March 1,2000 and March 31,2014 were retrospectively analyzed.We compared the disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS) rates between Group A patients(patients who underwent surgery combined with pre-and post-operative chemotherapy) and Group B patients(patients who underwent surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy only) using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Mantel-Cox test.The specimens of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were reassessed according to the TRG system.Results The median DFS for 27 patients was 16.267 months and the median OS was 81.167 months(1-year OS,74.07%;3-year OS,22.22%;5-year OS,14.81%).Thirteen patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and their specimens were reassessed by TRG(pathological complete remission,3/13,23.08%).Patients in group A had a longer OS than those in group B(mean,93.782 months versus 42.322 months,P = 0.025),although there was no significant difference in DFS between the two groups(median 20.100 months versus 14.667 months,P = 0.551).Statistical analysis revealed that TRG Grade(G) 0(mean,61.222 months) was associated with better OS than G1-2(mean,31.213 months)(P = 0.311).Conclusion Our study indicated that neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgical resection may represent a feasible treatment method for patients with LD-SCLC.The TRG system may be a valuable prediction tool to assess neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic efficacy,especially in patients with G0 disease as determined by TRG;these patients may attain an improved survival benefit with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

The Acculturation,Conflict and Integration of Christianity′s Spreading to Shaanxi in Modern Times

Christianity spread to Shaanxi widely and deeply fourth time after the first Opium War,the western missionaries took the preaching tactics to adapting the Chinese culture and custom.As a foreign heterogeneous culture,it showed the conflict and integration for the Christianity with the Chinese traditional culture and ideas in Shaanxi province during all the modern times.This study will provide the beneficial enlightment in the case of Sino-Western culture also showing the tendency of the global communication in nowadays.

Exosome-encapsulated lncRNA HOTAIRM1 contributes to PM_(2.5)-aggravated COPD airway remodeling by enhancing myofibroblast differentiation

Emphysema,myofibroblast accumulation and airway remodeling can occur in the lungs due to exposure to atmospheric pollution,especially fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Specifically,bronchial epithelium-fibroblast communication participates in airway remodeling,which results in COPD.An increasing number of studies are now being conducted on the role of exosome-mediated cell-cell communication in disease pathogenesis.Here,we investigated whether exosomes generated from bronchial epithelial cells could deliver information to normal stromal fibroblasts and provoke cellular responses,resulting in airway obstruction in COPD.We studied the mechanism of exosome-mediated intercellular communication between human bronchial epithelial(HBE) cells and primary lung fibroblasts(pLFs).We found that PM_(2.5)-induced HBE-derived exosomes promoted myofibroblast differentiation in pLFs.Then,the exosomal lncRNA expression profiles derived from PM_(2.5)-treated HBE cells and nontreated HBE cells were investigated using an Agilent Human LncRNA Array.Combining coculture assays and direct exosome treatment,we found that HBE cell-derived exosomal HOTAIRM1 facilitated the myofibroblast differentiation of pLFs.Surprisingly,we discovered that exosomal HOTAIRM1 enhanced p LF proliferation to secrete excessive collagen secretion,leading to airway obstruction by stimulating the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway.Significantly,PM_(2.5)reduced FEV1/FVC and FEV1 and increased the level of serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 in healthy people;moreover,serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 was associated with PM_(2.5)-related reductions in FEV1/FVC and FVC.These findings show that PM_(2.5)triggers alterations in exosome components and clarify that one of the paracrine mediators of myofibroblast differentiation is bronchial epithelial cell-derived HOTAIRM1,which has the potential to be an effective prevention and therapeutic target for PM_(2.5)-induced COPD.

Degradation Behavior of Zn-Cu Stents with Different Coatings in Sodium Chloride Solution

The Zn0.6Cu wires are fabricated into stents for the potential biodegradable application of nasal wound healing.The degradation behavior of Zn0.6Cu stents in 0.9 wt%NaCl at 36.5℃ is evaluated.It shows that the untreated Zn0.6Cu stent experiences severe crevice corrosion with acceleration and autocatalytic effects within the micro-cracks and ruptures at 4.67±1.15 d,with the average corrosion rate of 0.28 mm y^(-1).Fortunately,the anodic polarization(AP)+hydrothermal(H)conversion coating,consisting of ZnCO_(3),Zn(OH)_(2) and ZnO,could inhibit the crevice corrosion significantly by reducing the cathode/anode ratio,extending the rupture time up to 16.50±2.95 d,with the average corrosion rate of 0.14 mm y^(-1).This research indicates that the biodegradable Zn-based stent has some potential applications in nasal wound recovery area.