Assessing Gray Scale Grades for Color Change of Dyed Fabrics via Image Processing Technology

Gray scale grades for color change of dyed fabrics are assessed via image processing technology.Digital images of groups of specimens are obtained,cropped,and saved as JPEG format.Relationships between gray scale grades for color change and the corresponding color differences calculated via image processing technology are investigated,compared with those obtained from high accurate computer color matching system.Results show that the new method is acceptable with an accuracy of 92.0% when the grading errors are of not more than one grade.

Tuning Li/Ni mixing by reactive coating to boost the stability of cobalt-free Ni-rich cathode

Cobalt-free cathode materials are attractive for their high capacity and low cost,yet they still encounter issues with structural and surface instability.AlPO_(4),in particular,has garnered attention as an effective stabilizer for bulk and surface.However,the impact of interfacial reactions and elemental interdiffusion between AlPO_(4) and LiNi_(0.95)Mn_(0.05)O_(2) upon sintering on the bulk and surface remains elusive.In this study,we demonstrate that during the heat treatment process,AlPO_(4) decomposes,resulting in Al doping into the bulk of the cathode through elemental interdiffusion.Simultaneously,PO_(4)^(3-)reacts with the surface Li of material to form a Li_3PO_(4) coating,inducing lithium deficiency,thereby increasing Li/Ni mixing.The suitable Li/Ni mixing,previously overlooked in AlPO_(4) modification,plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the bulk and surface,exceeding the synergy of Al doping and Li_3PO_(4) coating.The presence of Ni^(2+)ions in the lithium layers contributes to the stabilization of the delithiated structure via a structural pillar effect.Moreover,suitable Li/Ni mixing can stabilize the lattice oxygen and electrode-electrolyte interface by increasing oxygen removal energy and reducing the overlap between the Ni^(3+/4+)e_g and O^(2-)2p orbitals.These findings offer new perspectives for the design of stable cobalt-free cathode materials.

Failure mechanism and infrared radiation characteristic of hard siltstone induced by stratification effect

The deformation in sedimentary rock induced by train loads has potential threat to the safe operation of tunnels. This study investigated the influence of stratification structure on the infrared radiation and temporal damage mechanism of hard siltstone. The uniaxial compression tests, coupled with acoustic emission(AE) and infrared radiation temperature(IRT) were conducted on siltstones with different stratification effects. The results revealed that the stratigraphic structure significantly affects the stress-strain response and strength degradation characteristics. The mechanical parameters exhibit anisotropy characteristics, and the stratification effect exhibits a negative correlation with the cracking stress and peak stress. The failure modes caused by the stratification effect show remarkable anisotropic features, including splitting failure(Ⅰ: 0°-22.50°, Ⅱ: 90°), composite failure(45°), and shearing failure(67.50°). The AE temporal sequences demonstrate a stepwise response characteristic to the loading stress level. The AE intensity indicates that the stress sensitivity of shearing failure and composite failure is generally greater than that of splitting failure. The IRT field has spatiotemporal migration and progressive dissimilation with stress loading and its dissimilation degree increases under higher stress levels. The stronger the stratification effect, the greater the dissimilation degree of the IRT field. The abnormal characteristic points of average infrared radiation temperature(AIRT) variance at local stress drop and peak stress can be used as early and late precursors to identify fracture instability. Theoretical analysis shows that the competitive relationship between compaction strengthening and fracturing damage intensifies the dissimilation of the infrared thermal field for an increasing stress level. The present study provides a theoretical reference for disaster warnings in hard sedimentary rock mass.

A 150-year Isotopic Record of Lead Deposition in Yancheng Coastal Wetland,China

Radioactive markers are useful in dating lead （Pb） deposition patterns from industrialization in sedimentary archives. As a well-known natural reserve in the world, Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province is one of areas most sensitive to global sea level change and is located in the most developed and polluted region of China. Two cores were collected in Yancheng wetland in October 2013 and dated using 210pb and 137Cs radiometric techniques. Sediments in both cores were sectioned into depth bands and examined systematically for dry bulk density, water content, magnetic susceptibility and grain-size. Multiple elements including Pb were also measured using inductively coupled plasma systems. Unsupported 21~Pb activities decreased with depth in both of the two cores, and 21~pb chronologies were established （covering 150 years） using the constant rate of supply （CRS） model. The measured Pb contents ranged from 14.97 mg/kg to 29.40 mg/kg with average values of 17.17-22.79 mg/kg, and the Pb fluxes ranged from 41.70 mg/（m2·yr） to 172.70 mg/（m2·yr） with averages of 95.59-123.41 mg/（m2·yr）. Temporal variations of Pb flux, enrichment factors and Pb isotopes show a gradual and continuous increase over time and clearly reflect increased emissions from anthropogenic activities in the region. The Pb isotopic compositions show that most of Pb deposition in Yancheng wetland is input from natural sources by water flows and has the same levels of Pb as in the surface sediment of the Yangtze River and the Pacific mineral aerosol. We also stress the anthropogenic Pb contribution in Yangcheng wetland sediment and the reason of our Pb isotopes not showing anthropogenic signature is likely the insta- bility of anthropogenic Pb in high Fe/Mn oxide conditions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to current local pollution problems, and society should take action to seek a balance between economic development and environmental protection.

A Study On the Value and Direction of Yancheng Sea Salt Culture in College Students’Ideological and Political Education

Sea Salt Culture is the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancestors and the retention of the history.With the passage of time and the innovation of salt making technology,the connotation of sea salt culture is undergoing changes.In the long process of cultural dissemination,sea salt culture permeates local university campuses and enlightens college students as well.This paper explores the profound connotation of sea salt culture in the new era,probes into the important influence of Sea Salt Culture on the ideological and political education of contemporary college students,and analyzes the practical direction for college students to inherit sea salt culture in the new period,so as to expand the breadth and width of sea salt culture.

A Study on the Development of Cultural Tourism Industry in Yancheng

Culture is an essential condition for the rapid and healthy development of the tourism industry.However,tourism provides a platform for cultural exchange and communication,injecting a strong impetus to the development of the cultural industry.Under the background of the era that both culture and tourism industries have become national strategies,how to promote and realize the combination and interaction of culture and tourism industry is a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently.Based on taking Yancheng salt culture and seashore wetland ecological culture as the case analysis,this article hackles the integration advantages of Yancheng and tries to find out the deficiencies.On the basis of the evaluation and analysis between culture and the differences in the comprehensive development level of tourism industry,this paper discusses the characteristics and mechanism of the combination of culture and tourism industry,proposes a coordinated development pattern of culture and tourism industry,and on this basis provides the corresponding strategies and suggestions of this pattern in Yancheng.

A Review of Building Energy Efficiency Technology

In China, there’s high energy consumption in buildings with less attention to building energy efficiency. All of these facts prove that there are great potentialities in energy conservation. On account of this, this paper introduces multiple building energy-saving technologies at home and abroad, including the technologies for innovative wall materials, exterior wall external insulation, heat insulation of window, utilization of solar energy, heat storage and recovery as well as the illumination energy saving technology. On the basis of new buildings, this paper gives five suggestions on building energy efficiency. Meanwhile it raises five suggestions on energy conservation based on the existing building, for which it presents purposely the technologies and measures about energy saving transformation from four aspects.

THE CONVERGENT RATE OF VISCOSITY METHOD FOR A VARIANT NON-ISENTROPIC SYSTEM OF POLYTROPIC GAS

In this short paper,we remove the restrictionγ∈(1,3]that was used in the paper"The rate of convergence of the viscosity method for a nonlinear hyperbolic system"(Nonlinear Analysis,1999,38:435-445)and obtain a global Holder continuous solution and the convergent rate of the viscosity method for the Cauchy problem of the variant nonisentropic system of polytropic gas for any adiabatic exponentγ>1.

Investigation of the Film Formation in Dynamic Air Spray Painting

To accurately predict the film thickness distribution during dynamic spraying performed with air guns and support accordingly the development of intelligent spray painting,the spray problem was analyzed numerically.In particular,the Eulerian-Eulerian approach was employed to calculate the paint atomization and film deposition process.Different spray heights,spray angles,spray gun movement speeds,spray trajectory curvature radii,and air pressure values were considered.Numerical simulation results indicate that the angle of spray painting significantly affects the velocity of droplets near the spray surface.With an increase in the spraying angle,spraying height and spray gun movement speed,the maximum film thickness decreases to varying degrees,and the uniformity of the film thickness also continuously worsens.When the spray gun moves along an arc trajectory,at smaller arc radii,the film thickness on the inside of the arc is slightly greater than that on the outside,but the impact on the maximum film thickness is minimal.Increasing air pressure expands the coating coverage area,results in finer atomization of paint droplets,and leads to a thinner and a more uniform paint film.However,if the pressure is too high,it can cause paint splattering.Using the orthogonal experimental method,multiple sets of simulation calculations were conducted,and the combined effects of spraying height,spray angle,and spray gun movement speed on the film thickness distribution were comprehensively analyzed to determine optimal configurations.Finally,the reliability of the numerical simulations was validated through dynamic spray painting experiments.

A comparative study on the spectral characteristics of nanosecond pulsed discharges in atmospheric He and a He+2.3%H_(2)O mixture

Nanosecond pulsed discharges at atmospheric pressure in a pin-to-pin electrode configuration are well reproducible in time and space, which is beneficial to the fundamentals and applications of low-temperature plasmas. In this experiment, the discharges in helium(He) and He with 2.3%water vapor(H_(2)O) are driven by a series of 10 ns overvoltage pulses(~13 k V). Special attention is paid to the spectral characteristics obtained in the center of discharges by time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. It is found that in helium, the emission of atomic and molecular helium during the afterglow is more intense than that in the active discharge, while in the He+2.3%H_(2)O mixture, helium emission is only observed during the discharge pulse and the molecular helium emission disappears. In addition, the emissions of OH(A-X) and Hα present similar behavior that increases sharply during the falling edge of the voltage pulse as the electrons cool down rapidly. The gas temperature is set to remain low at 540 K by fitting the OH(A-X) band. A comparative study on the emission of radiative species(He, He_(2), OH and H)is performed between these two discharge cases to derive their main production mechanisms. In both cases, the dominant primary ion is He^(+) at the onset of discharges, but their He^(+) charge transfer processes are quite different. Based on these experimental data and a qualitative discussion on the discharge kinetics, with regard to the present discharge conditions, it is shown that the electron-assisted three-body recombination processes appear to be the significant sources of radiative OH and H species in high-density plasmas.

Preparation and Characterization of Biobased Dehydroabietyl Polyethylene Glycol Glycidyl Ether-Grafted Hydroxyethyl Cellulose with High Emulsifying Property

Dehydroabietyl polyethylene glycol glycidyl ether-grafted hydroxyethyl cellulose(HEC)polymer surfactant(DA(EO)5GE-g-HEC)was prepared using ring-opening polymerization with biobased rosin and hydroxyethyl cellulose as feedstocks.Dehydroabietyl polyethylene glycol glycidyl ether(DA(EO)5GE)was formed by condensation of dehydroabietyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether(Rosin derivative:DA(EO)5H)and epichlorohydrin.The grafting degree of DA(EO)5GE-g-HEC was manipulated by adjusting the mass ratio of HEC and DA(EO)5GE and confirmed by EA.According to the formula,when m(HEC)/m(DA(EO)2GE)was 1:1~1:5,the grafting rate of DA(EO)5GE in DA(EO)5GE-g-HEC varied from 34.43%to 38.33%.The surface activity and foam properties of DA(EO)5GE-g-HEC aqueous solution were studied.The results showed that with the increase in grafting rate,the critical micellar concentration(CMC)in aqueous solution changed from 1.28 to 0.96 g/L.The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the temperature range of the main stage of mass loss of DA(EO)5GE-g-HEC was 310°C~410°C,and the thermal decomposition processes of the samples with five mass ratios were similar.An oil in water emulsion was prepared by choosing cyclohexane as the oil phase and DA(EO)5GE-g-HEC as the emulsifier.The effect of DA(EO)5GE-g-HEC mass fraction on emulsion particle size and stability was analyzed.The results suggested that when the oil-water ratio was 8:2 with 0.4%emulsifier,the emulsion droplets were the smallest in terms of particle size and were the most stable.The rheological test results showed that the apparent viscosity decreased with the increase in shear rate and showed a typical elastic gel phenomenon.

Lithiophilic CoF_(2)@C hollow spheres towards spatial lithium deposition for stable lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal(LM)is a promising anode for next-generation batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low electrode potential.Nonetheless,side reactions,volume change,and unwanted lithium dendrite growth seriously limit the practical application of LM.Herein,with the aid of a hard template approach,a novel lithiophilic CoF_(2)-carbon hollow sphere(CoF_(2)@C-HS)composite material is successfully prepared via a facile in-situ fluorination and etching strategy.The lithiophilic CoF_(2) acts as nucleation sites to reduce nucleation overpotential as well as induces the spatial Li deposition and the formation of LiFrich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and the hollow carbon matrix can enhance the electrical conductivity and offer free space for LM deposition.Theoretical simulations reveal that the synergistic effect of lithiophilic CoF_(2) and hollow carbon matrix homogenizes the electric field distribution and Li~+flux.Benefiting from these advantages,the CoF_(2)@C-HS-modified copper substrate electrode delivers an enhanced Coulombic efficiency(CE)of 93.7%for 280 cycles at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mA h cm^(-2).The symmetrical cell using CoF_(2)@C-HS can stably cycle more than 1800 h with a low voltage hysteresis of 11 mV at a current density of 0.5 MA cm^(-2)and an areal capacity of 0.5 mA h cm^(-2).Moreover,the Li@CoF_(2)@C-HS composite anode enables more than 300 stable cycles at 1 C with a capacity retention of 95%in LiFePO_(4)-based full cell and 110 stable cycles at 1 C in LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)-based highvoltage full cell.This work might shed a new light on designing lithiophilic hosts to spatially confine LM deposition,realizing dendrite-free LM anodes and the practical applications of LM batteries.

Average Secrecy Capacity of the Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Integrated Satellite Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Relay Networks

Integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks(ISUAVRNs)have become a prominent topic in recent years.This paper investigates the average secrecy capacity(ASC)for reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-enabled ISUAVRNs.Especially,an eve is considered to intercept the legitimate information from the considered secrecy system.Besides,we get detailed expressions for the ASC of the regarded secrecy system with the aid of the reconfigurable intelligent.Furthermore,to gain insightful results of the major parameters on the ASC in high signalto-noise ratio regime,the approximate investigations are further gotten,which give an efficient method to value the secrecy analysis.At last,some representative computer results are obtained to prove the theoretical findings.

Research Progress of Biomass-Based Porous Oil-Absorbing Materials

As oil is now an important resource for the survival and development of mankind,the consumption of oil continues to increase each year,and there have been a number of major oil spills in history,such as the oil spill from the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig.Therefore,oil spills during storage and transportation have become an issue of serious concern.Current methods such as incineration and chemical methods cause secondary environmental pollution and fail to enable resource recovery.The adsorption method by porous materials has attracted worldwide attention due to its simplicity,portability,and efficiency.It has become an important factor to explore how porous adsorption materials can adsorb efficiently and reduce environmental pollution.Biomass resources are abundant,cost-effective,biodegradable,and sustainable,which have been extensively explored for the production of porous materials.Herein,recent advances in cellulose-based,chitosan-based,wood-based and other biomassbased oil-absorbing porous materials are summarized,and cellulose-based porous materials,such as nanocellulose,bacterial cellulose,and regenerated cellulose and their related derivatives,are further expanded.In addition,typical environmentally friendly manufacturing methods and the oil adsorption capacities of various oil-absorbing porous materials are also discussed.Compared with the traditional petrochemical adsorption materials,the development advantages of biomass porous oil absorption materials are analyzed.The reasons hindering the popularization and use of oil-absorbing biomass materials are summarized and the future application fields are prospected.

Studies on the Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship of Toxicity of Chlorophenol Serial Compounds in the ab initio Methods and Substitutive Position of Chlorine Atom (N_(PCS))

20 Quantum chemical parameters of chlorophenol compounds were fully optimized by using B3LYP method on both 6-31G^＊ and 6-311G^＊ basis sets. These structural parameters are taken as theoretical descriptors, and the experimental data of 20 compounds＇ aquatic photogen toxicity（-lgEC50） are used to perform stepwise regression in order to obtain two predicted -lgEC50 correlation models whose correlation coefficients R^2 are respectively 0.9186 and 0.9567. In addition, parameters of chlorine atom＇s substitutive positions and their correlations （NPCs） are taken as descriptors to obtain another predicted -lgEC50 model with the correlation coefficient R2 of 0.9444. Correlation degree of each independent variable in the three models is verified by using variance inflation factors （VIF） and t value. In the cross-validation method, cross-validation coefficients q^2 of 3 models are respectively 0.8748, 0.9119 and 0.8993, which indicates that the relativity and prediction ability of this model are superior to those of the model obtained by topological and BLYP methods.

Pozzolanic Activity of Burned Coal Gangue and Its Effects on Structure of Cement Mortar

The pozzolanic activity of coal gangue burned at different burning temperatures was investigated. The burned coal gangue was mixed with portland cement in different proportions （ 20% - 60% ）. The pozzolanic activity of coal gangue burned and the hydration products were examined, the compressive strengths of the pastes of the mixtures were tested, and the mechanism of the reaction was discussed. The experimental results slum, that the coal gangue burned at 750 ℃ has the optimum pozzolanic activity, and the burned coal ganguc with SiO2 and Al2 O3 is in an active form. When the coal gangue burned at 750℃ is mixed into portland cement, the content of calcium hydroxide in paste is significantly reduced, while the contents of hydrated calcium silk.ate and hydrated calcium aluminate are increased accordingly, hence resulting in the improvement of the microstructure of mortar. The compressive strength of cement paste decreases with increasing the content of burncd coal gangue. The decease in strength is small in the range of 20% - 30% coal gangue substitution and significant in 30%- 60% substitution.

Effect of Borax on Hydration and Hardening Properties of Magnesium and Pottassium Phosphate Cement Pastes

Magnesium and potassium phosphate cement （MKPC） sample were prepared by mixing dead burnt MgO powder, potassium phosphate and different dosages of retarder borax to investigate the effect of borax on its hydration and hardening characteristics. The pH value, fluidity, hydration temperature and strength development of MKPC paste were investigated, and the mineralogical composition and microstructural morphology of its hydration products were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that, within a certain dosage, borax caused an endothermal effect for MKPC paste, which decreased the early hydration rate of MKPC paste, increased the fluidity of MKPC paste. Thus, strength and micro-morphology of hardened MKPC are affected. It can be concluded that borax in MKPC paste retards the early hydration rate of MKPC paste by forming a film onto surface of MgO, decreasing the temperature and increasing the pH value of the system. As borax dosage varying, different factors may dorminate the effects.

Structure and Pozzolanic Activity of Calcined Coal Gangue during the Process of Mechanical Activation

On the basis of analyzing coal gangue＇s chemical and mineral compositions, the structure change of coal gangue during the mechanical activation was investigated by XRD, FTIR, NMR, and the mechanical strength of the cement doped coal gangue with various specific surface area was tested. The experimental results indicate that, the lattice structure of metakaolin in coal gangue samples calcined at 700 ℃ disorganizes gradually and becomes disordered, and the lattice structure of α-quartz is distorted slightly. The pozzolanic activity of the coal gangue increases obviously with its structural disorganization.

Alkali metal cation doping of metal-organic framework for enhancing carbon dioxide adsorption capacity

Metal-organic frameworks （MOFs） have attracted much attention as adsorbents for the separation of CO2 from flue gas or natural gas. Here, a typical metal-organic framework HKUST-I（also named Cu-BTC or MOF-199） was chemically reduced by doping it with alkali metals （Li, Na and K） and they were further used to investigate their CO2 adsorption capacities. The structural information, surface chemistry and thermal behavior of the prepared adsorbent samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, thermo-gravimetric analysis （TGA） and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis. The results showed that the CO2 storage capacity of HKUST-1 doped with moderate quantities of Li＋, Na＋ and K＋, individually, was greater than that of unmodified HKUST-1. The highest CO2 adsorption uptake of 8.64 mmol/g was obtained with 1K-HKUST-1, and it was ca. 11% increase in adsorption capacity at 298 K and 18 bar as compared with HKUST- 1. Moreover, adsorption tests showed that HKUST-1 and 1K-HKUST-1 displayed much higher adsorption capacities of CO2 than those of N2. Finally, the adsorption/desorption cycle experiment revealed that the adsorption performance of 1K-HKUST-1 was fairly stable, without obvious deterioration in the adsorption capacity of CO2 after 10 cycles.

Early Hydration of Composite Cement with Thermal Activated Coal Gangue

Composite cement samples were prepared by mixing clinker, gypsum with burnt coal gangues which was calcined at various temperatures. The mechanical strength and Ca（OH）2 content in the cement paste were tested, and the paste composition and microstructure were analyzed by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis （TG-DSC）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electronic microscopy （SEM） and pore structure analysis. Results demonstrate that the thermal activated coal gangue could accelerate the early hydration of cement clinker obviously, which promotes the gangue hydration itself. The early hydrated products of the cement are C-S-H gel, Ca（OH）2 and AFt. The cement with 30% （in mass） the gangue exhibits higher mechanical strength, and among all the cement samples the one with the gangue burnt at 700 ℃ displays the highest hydration rate, mechanical strength, the most gel pores and the lowest total porosity.