Appropriate Scale of Breeding Cows in Family Operation of Yanbian Cattle

Family operation of breeding cow is the only way to realize modernization of animal husbandry.Through field survey of Yanbian cattle farmers,the main input indicators were analyzed,including number of breeding cows,number of breeding bulls,input of cattle house,feed cost,production equipment investment,and grazing rent.The slaughter number of store cattle per year was selected as the output index.The efficiency of family operation scale of Yanbian cattle was analyzed using BCC model of DEA.The results showed that the moderate scale of breeding cows in family operation with half grazing and half housing pattern was around 50-60 cattle.

Comparative Advantages and Specialized Production of Beef Cattle Industry in Yanbian Region

[Objective] To provide theoretical guidance for development of beef cattle industry in Yanbian region. [Method] Aggregated comparative advantage index and concentration factor were used to compare beef industry in Yanbian region and Jilin Province. [Result] Beef cattle industry in Yanbian region had aggregated comparative advantages, and its concentration factor tended to rise year by year. [Conclusion] The beef cattle industry in Yanbian region has obvious comparative advantages and development potential.

Consumers’ Awareness of Genetically Modified Food and Their Willingness to Buy in Yanbian Prefecture

Having a clear understanding of consumers' awareness of genetically modified food and their willingness to buy, plays a very important role in formulating the regulatory policy of genetically modified food and regulating the market of genetically modified food. This paper takes the supermarket consumers as the study object. Through on-site questionnaire survey, we find that consumers' awareness of genetically modified food is not high in Yanbian Prefecture, and their willingness to buy is also low; the prices of genetically modified food, consumers' income, educational level and so on, are the main factors that affect the willingness to buy. Based on this, we put forth the relevant recommendations: increasing publicity efforts to safeguard consumers' right to know and choose; increasing supervision efforts to improve the existing regulatory system of genetically modified food; actively organizing forces to carry out the study on safety of genetically modified food.

Characteristics of Farmer Tourism Market in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

On the basis of comparison of urban and rural areas,distance and nationality,this paper analyzes characteristics of farmer tourism market in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. There is a distinct difference in tourism of urban and rural residents. The tourism difference between outer suburban and inner suburban farmers is mainly manifested in organizational ways,travel distance,travel destination,and amount of consumption. Nationality difference is mainly shown in selection of means of transportation,length of travel time,and amount of consumption.

How Does the Farmer Cooperatives Operate in Yanbian Area?

After six years of development,the number of farmer cooperatives in Yanbian area was increased from 72 in 2007 to 2600 in 2012.It has become an important part of local modern agricultural operation.Through the survey and research of current status of farmer cooperatives in Yanbian area,we analyze the deficiencies in capital,technology and human resources during the operating to thoroughly understand its operating status.On this basis,we put forth some recommendations for the development of farmer cooperatives in Yanbian area:implementing industrialization operation;developing long-term development strategy;seeking the support of research institutions and colleges;increasing the types of services;enhancing the value-added.

Correlative Analysis of Yanbian’s Primary Forestry Industry and Sub-industries

By selecting three indicators(timber cultivating and planting,timber harvesting,forest products),this paper uses grey relational degree to analyze the correlation between Yanbian’s primary forestry industry and sub-industries. Results show that there is a decline in the relational degree of three indicators concerning Yanbian’s primary forestry industry,but the relational degree of timber harvesting is still high and the relational degree of forest products is slightly increased.

Relational Analysis of Yanbian's Primary Industry of Forestry and Forestry Industry

In this paper,we use grey relational analysis method to systematically analyze the relational degree between Yanbian's forestry industry and three industries of forestry,and conclude that Yanbian's primary industry of forestry shows a downward trend in the development of forestry industry,so it is necessary to transform the traditional primary industry of forestry for the better development.

Study on the Layout of Forestry Industry in Yanbian

Yanbian is a key state-owned forest area and timber production base in Jilin Province and Yanbian's five pillar industries rely heavily on the survival and development of forestry. Reasonable industrial layout can not only help to play the regional resource advantages,but also help to promote the sustainable economic development of Yanbian. Using location quotient method,this paper analyzes the layout of forestry industry in Yanbian,and brings forward the several recommendations for optimizing the layout of forestry industry in Yanbian.

Analysis of the Problems and Countermeasures on the Development of Yanbian Culture Industry

With the rapid development of the global economic tide,the economic development has entered a new stage.The traditional pattern of economic development gradually farewell to history and the cultural industry is striding forward in a brand-new posture into the public's view.Culture is the soul of a nation;it brings not only a gift of value,but also a new economic growth point.Whether this economic turning point can be grasped or not is crucial to the development of the regional economy.This paper will make a brief summary of the cultural development and cultural industry in Yanbian,which hoping to find out the problems and provide some constructive suggestions for the long-term development of the cultural industry.

Teaching mechanism empowered by virtual simulation: Edge computing–driven approach

With the rapid development of network and communication techniques,the teaching forms have become diversified.To enhance the education experience and improve the teaching environment,an increasing number of educational institutions have adopted virtual simulation technology.A typical teaching mechanism is to exploit Virtual Reality(VR)technology,which affords participants an immersive experience.Unquestionably,such a VRbased mode is highly approved.However,the performance of this technology requires further optimization.On one hand,for VR 360video,the current intraframe decision cannot adapt to rapid response demands.On the other hand,the generated data size is considerably large and fast computation may not be realized,depending on the local VR device.Therefore,this study proposes an improved teaching mechanism empowered by edge computing–driven VR,called VE4T,that involves two parts.First,an intraframe decision algorithm for VR 360videos is devised to realize the rapid responses.Second,an edge computing framework is proposed to offload some tasks to an edge server for computation,where a task scheduling strategy is developed to check whether a task needs to be offloaded.Finally,experiments are performed using a practical teaching scenario with some VR devices.The obtained results demonstrate that VE4T is more efficient than existing mechanisms.

Deterministic remote preparation of multi-qubit equatorial states through dissipative channels

We investigate the influence of a noisy environment on the remote preparation of the multi-qubit equatorial state, and specifically deduce the final states and fidelities of the remote preparation of the three-qubit and four-qubit equatorial states under diverse types of noisy environments, namely, amplitude damping, bit flip, phase damping, phase flip, bit-phase flip,depolarization, and non-Markov environments. The results show that when the decoherence factors of the front six noises are equal, the influence degrees of phase damped noise, bit flip noise, phase flip noise, and bit-phase flip noise are similar,while the information loss caused by the amplitude damped noise and depolarizing noise is less. In particular, the bit flip noise and depolarizing noise may have more complex effects on the remote state preparation(RSP) schemes depending on the phase information of the target states, even for the ideal cases where the fidelity values are always 1 for specific phase relations. In the non-Markov environment, owing to the back and forth of information between the environment and systems, fidelities exhibit oscillating behavior and the minimum value may stay greater than zero for a long evolutionary time. These results are expected to have potential applications for understanding and avoiding the influence of noise on remote quantum communication and quantum networks.

Carotid-cavernous fistula following mechanical thrombectomy of the tortuous internal carotid artery:A case report

BACKGROUND A carotid-cavernous fistula(CCF)is an abnormal connection between the internal carotid artery(ICA)and the cavernous sinus.Although direct CCFs typically result from trauma or as an iatrogenic complication of neuroendovascular procedures,they can occur as surgery-related complications after mechanical thrombectomy(MT).With the widespread use of MT in patients with acute ischemic stroke complicated with large vessel occlusion,it is important to document CCF following MT and how to avoid them.In this study,we present a case of a patient who developed a CCF following MT and describe in detail the characteristics of ICA tortuosity in this case.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old woman experienced weakness in the left upper and lower limbs as well as difficulty speaking for 4 h.The neurological examination revealed left central facial paralysis and left hemiplegia,with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 9.Head magnetic resonance imaging revealed an acute cerebral infarction in the right basal ganglia and radial crown.Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated an occlusion of the right ICA and middle cerebral artery.Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated distal occlusion of the cervical segment of the right ICA.We performed suction combined with stent thrombectomy.Then,postoperative angiography was performed,which showed a right CCF.One month later,CCF embolization was performed,and the patient’s clinical symptoms have significantly improved 5 mo after the operation.CONCLUSION Although a CCF is a rare complication after MT,it should be considered.Understanding the tortuosity of the internal carotid-cavernous sinus may help predict the complexity of MT and avoid this complication.

Spatio-temporal Changes in Water Conservation Ecosystem Service During 1990–2019 in the Tumen River Basin, Northeast China

The water conservation(WC) function of ecosystems is related to regional ecological security and the sustainable development of water resources, and the assessment of WC and its influencing factors is crucial for ecological and water resource management.The Tumen River Basin(TRB) is located in the core of the Northeast Asian ecological network and has been experiencing severe ecological crises and water shortages in recent years due to climate change and human activities. However, these crises have not been fully revealed to the extent that corresponding scientific measures are lacking. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and drivers of WC in the TRB from 1990 to 2019 based on the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model. The results showed that: 1) under the combined effect of nature and socioeconomics, the WC depth of the TRB has slowly increased at a rate of 0.11 mm/yr in the past 30 years, with an average WC depth of 36.14 mm. 2) The main driving factor of the spatial variation in WC is precipitation, there is a significant interaction between precipitation and velocity, the interaction between each factor is higher than the contribution of a single factor, and the interactions between factors all have nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement. 3) Among the seven counties and municipalities in the study area, the southern part of Helong City and the southeastern part of Longjing City are extremely important areas for WC(> 75 mm), and they should be regarded as regional water resources and ecological priority protection areas. It is foreseen that under extreme climate conditions in the future, the WC of the watershed is under great potential threat, and protection measures such as afforestation and forestation should begin immediately. Furthermore, the great interannual fluctuations in WC depth may place more stringent requirements on the choice of time scales in the ecosystem service assessment process.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of daratumumab in the treatment of multiple myeloma

BACKGROUND The treatment of multiple myeloma has significantly progressed over the past half-century.The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to explore the efficacy and safety of daratumumab in treating multiple myeloma.AIM To explore the efficacy and safety of daratumumab in treating multiple myeloma.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using Chinese and English databases,including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,China Biology Medicine,VIP,the Cochrane Library,Embase,and PubMed.The search encompassed studies in treating multiple myeloma with daratumumab,spanning from the inception of the database to June 2023.Revman 5.1 software was used for analysis.RESULTS Our analysis included eight English articles and one Chinese article of high quality.The meta-analysis results indicated that compared to other therapies,daratumumab could improve the overall response rate(ORR)[odds ratio(OR)=2.67,95%confidence interval(CI)=2.01,3.53,Z=6.85,P<0.00001],complete remission(CR)(OR=2.87,95%CI=2.16,3.83,Z=7.23,P<0.00001)and progression-free survival(PFS)time(hazard ratio=0.48,95%CI=0.38,0.60,Z=6.54,P<0.00001)in patients with multiple myeloma.These differences were statistically significant.Additionally,these results suggested that daratumumab increases the risk of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia with minimal effect on the incidences of anemia and upper respiratory tract infections.CONCLUSION Daratumumab can improve ORR,CR rate,and PFS in patients with multiple myeloma.It also increases the risk of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia,necessitating careful monitoring during its clinical application.

Investigation on the Mechanical Properties and Shape Memory Effect of Landing Buffer Structure Based on NiTi Alloy Printing

With the deepening of human research on deep space exploration,our research on the soft landing methods of landers has gradually deepened.Adding a buffer and energy-absorbing structure to the leg structure of the lander has become an effective design solution.Based on the energy-absorbing structure of the leg of the interstellar lander,this paper studies the appearance characteristics of the predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus.The predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus can not only hit the prey highly when preying,but also can easily withstand the huge counter-impact force.The predatory feet structure of the Odontodactylus scyllarus,like a symmetrical cone,shows excellent rigidity and energy absorption capacity.Inspired by this discovery,we used SLM technology to design and manufacture two nickel-titanium samples,which respectively show high elasticity,shape memory,and get better energy absorption capacity.This research provides an effective way to design and manufacture high-mechanical energy-absorbing buffer structures using bionic 3D printing technology and nickel-titanium alloys.

Dihydroergotamine ameliorates liver fibrosis by targeting transforming growth factor β type Ⅱ receptor

BACKGROUND The transforming growth factor β(TGFβ) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis by activating TGFβ type Ⅱ receptor(TGFβR2), followed by the recruitment of TGFβR1 finally triggering downstream signaling pathway.AIM To find drugs targeting TGFβR2 that inhibit TGFβR1/TGFβR2 complex formation, theoretically inhibit TGFβ signaling pathway, and thereby ameliorate liver fibrosis.METHODS Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs were screened for binding affinity with TGFβR2 by virtual molecular docking. We identified 6 candidates and further explored their potential by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) cell cytotoxic experiment to validate toxicity and titrated the best cellular working concentrations. Next, we further demonstrated the detailed molecular working mechanisms using mutagenesis analysis. Finally, we used a mouse model to investigate its potential anti-liver fibrosis effect.RESULTS We identified 6 drug candidates. Among these 6 drugs, dihydroergotamine(DHE) shows great ability in reducing fibrotic gene expressions such as collagen, p-SMAD3, and α-SMA in TGFβ induced cellular model of liver fibrosis in LX-2 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DHE binds to TGFβR2. Moreover, mutation of Leu27, Phe30, Thr51, Ser52, Ile53, and Glu55 of TGFβR2 disrupted the binding of TGFβR2 with DHE. In addition, DHE significantly improved liver fibrosis, as evidenced by Masson’s trichrome staining of liver sections. This is further supported by the width and the velocity of the portal vein, and serum markers of liver function. In line with those observations, DHE also decreased macrophages infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition in the liver.CONCLUSION DHE alleviates liver fibrosis by binding to TGFβR2 thereby suppressing TGFβ signaling pathway. We show here that as far as drug repurposing, DHE has great potential to treat liver fibrosis.

Identification and characterization of the chalkiness endosperm gene CHALK-H in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Chalkiness is one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding,which directly affects the quality of rice seed.In this study,we identified a chalkiness endosperm mutant,chalk-h,from N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU)-induced japonica rice cultivar Hwacheong(HC).Compared with wild type(WT)-HC,chalk-h showed severe chalkiness in the endosperm,yellowish green leaves,as well as reduced plant height.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis showed that starch grains in the chalk-h mutant were irregular in size and loosely arranged,with large gaps between granules,forming ovoid or orbicular shapes.MutMap analysis revealed that the phenotype of chalk-h is controlled by a single recessive gene LOC_Os11g39670 encoding seryl-tRNA synthetase,which is renamed as CHALK-H.A point mutation occurs in chalk-h on the sixth exon(at nucleotide 791)of CHALK-H,in which adenine(A)is replaced by thymidine(T),resulting in an amino acid codon change from glutamine(Glu)to valine(Val).The chalk-h mutant exhibited a heat-sensitive phenotype from the 3-leaf stage,including yellow-green leaves and reduced pigment content.The transcriptional expression of starch synthesis-related genes was down-regulated in the chalk-h mutants compared to WT-HC at different grain-filling stages.With an increase in temperature,the expression of photosynthesis-related genes was down-regulated in the chalk-h mutant compared to WT-HC.Overexpression of CHALK-H rescued the phenotype of chalk-h,with endosperm and leaf color similar to those of WT-HC.Our findings reveal that CHALK-H is a causative gene controlling chalkiness and leaf color of the chalk-h mutant.CHALK-H is the same gene locus as TSCD11,which was reported to be involved in chloroplast development under high temperature.We suggest that CHALK-H/TSCD11 plays important roles not only in chloroplast development,but also in photosynthesis and starch synthesis during rice growth and development,so it has great application potential in rice breeding for high quality and yield.