Fractional Gradient Descent RBFNN for Active Fault-Tolerant Control of Plant Protection UAVs

With the increasing prevalence of high-order systems in engineering applications, these systems often exhibitsignificant disturbances and can be challenging to model accurately. As a result, the active disturbance rejectioncontroller (ADRC) has been widely applied in various fields. However, in controlling plant protection unmannedaerial vehicles (UAVs), which are typically large and subject to significant disturbances, load disturbances andthe possibility of multiple actuator faults during pesticide spraying pose significant challenges. To address theseissues, this paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant control method that combines a radial basis function neuralnetwork (RBFNN) with a second-order ADRC and leverages a fractional gradient descent (FGD) algorithm.We integrate the plant protection UAV model’s uncertain parameters, load disturbance parameters, and actuatorfault parameters and utilize the RBFNN for system parameter identification. The resulting ADRC exhibits loaddisturbance suppression and fault tolerance capabilities, and our proposed active fault-tolerant control law hasLyapunov stability implications. Experimental results obtained using a multi-rotor fault-tolerant test platformdemonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other control strategies regarding load disturbance suppressionand fault-tolerant performance.

Teaching Design of Course Building Decoration Materials Based on Generative Artificial Intelligence

With the digital transformation of global education and China's emphasis on education digital,generative AI technology has been widely used in the field of higher education.In this paper,the development of generative AI technology and its potential in personalized learning,interactive content creation and adaptive assessment in education were introduced firstly.Then,the application case of generative AI tools in teaching content creation,scenario-based teaching content development,visual teaching content development,complex concept deconstruction and analogy,student-led application practice and other aspects in the teaching of Building Decoration Materials was discussed.Through the teaching experiment and effect evaluation,the positive influence of generative AI technology on the improvement of students'learning effect and teaching efficiency was verified.Finally,some thoughts and inspirations on the combination of educational theory and generative AI technology,the integration of teaching design and generative AI technology,and the practice cases and effect evaluation were put forward,and the importance of teacher role transformation and personalized learning path design was emphasized to provide theoretical and practical support for the innovative development of higher education.

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

Functional Features and Layouts of Yangzhou Residential Gardens in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China: A Case Study of Residential Gardens of Officials, Merchants and Literati

On the basis of analyzing socio-economic structures, social classes and their relations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this paper took residential gardens of three principal groups(officials, merchants and literati) for example, analyzed functional features and layouts of the gardens, explored artistic characteristics and cultural connotations of the local residential gardens, so as to provide references for the conservation and construction of historic and cultural cities, design and expression of modern urban livable spaces.

Technical Guidelines for Renovation of Yangzhou Traditional Dwellings and Its Compilation

With the evolution of the renewal concept and protection mode of dwellings in ancient city in the new era,the guidelines for the renovation of dwellings compiled in the past have shown obvious limitations of the times.Its compilation form is too simple,and the content is slightly insufficient,and it is difficult to scientifically guide the high-standard renovation of traditional dwellings in the new era.In the compilation of the Technical Guidelines for Renovation of Yangzhou Traditional Dwellings,the core concept is “continuing the style and texture of the ancient city,inheriting the construction technology of private houses,and integrating innovative renovation techniques”,and an overall framework for integrating the technical guidelines for renovation of traditional dwellings in “new era and new concept” is proposed.The classification guidance standards for different types of traditional dwellings and their surrounding ancillary environment are formulated,and the corresponding renovation plans of traditional dwellings are systematically drawn as supplementary guidance documents for the relevant classification guidance standards.

Synergistic effect of total ionizing dose on single-event gate rupture in SiC power MOSFETs

The synergistic effect of total ionizing dose(TID) and single event gate rupture(SEGR) in SiC power metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFETs) is investigated via simulation. The device is found to be more sensitive to SEGR with TID increasing, especially at higher temperature. The microscopic mechanism is revealed to be the increased trapped charges induced by TID and subsequent enhancement of electric field intensity inside the oxide layer.

Experimental Study of Mode-I and Mode-II Interlaminar Fracture Characteristics of Poplar LVL

Fracture is a common failure form of poplar laminated veneer lumber(LVL).In the present work,we performed an experimental study on the mode-I along-grain interlaminar fracture,mode-I cross-grain interlaminar fracture,and mode-II interlaminar fracture of poplar LVL.We investigated stress mechanisms,failure modes,and fracture toughness values of the different fracture types.The experimental results revealed that the crack in the mode-I along-grain interlaminar fracture specimen propagated along the prefabricated crack direction,and the crack tip broke.The mode-I cross-grain interlaminar fracture specimen had cracks in the vertical direction near the prefabricated crack.In the mode-II interlaminar fracture specimen,cracks appeared along the initial prefabricated crack direction.The load–displacement curves of these three specimens were linear in the early stage of loading.With the increase in the load,a nonlinear segment appeared before crack propagation and a descending segment appeared after crack propagation.The nonlinear segments of the mode-I along-grain interlaminar fracture and mode-II interlaminar fracture were very short,and cracks expanded quickly after their initiation,resulting in brit-tle fracture.The nonlinear segment of the mode-I cross-grain interlaminar fracture was long,resulting in plastic failure.The average toughness values of the mode-I along-grain interlaminar fracture,mode-I cross-grain inter-laminar fracture,and mode-II interlaminar fracture were 15.43,270.15,and 39.72 MPa·mm^(1/2),respectively.

Review on the Application of Bamboo-Based Materials in Construction Engineering

Due to the continuously increasing demand for building materials across the world,it is necessary to use renewable materials in place of the existing nonrenewable materials in construction projects.Bamboo is a fast-growing flowering plant that may be used as a renewable material in construction.The use of bamboo in the construction of buildings can improve its long-term carbon fixation capacity and economic benefits.Although bamboo has the advantages of superior performance,low carbon content,high energy-saving and emission-reducing capacity,bamboo is an anisotropic material,which has many factors affecting its material performance,large variability of material performance,lack of systematic research,and the use of bamboo as the main building material is not always limited.This paper systematically summarizes the research status of bamboo as a building material from the aspects of bamboo composition,gradation,material properties,bamboo building components,connection nodes,and use of artificial boards.On this basis,some constructive suggestions are put forward for the further study of bamboo in the field of architecture.

Preparation of a single-phase Mg-6Zn alloy via ECAP-stimulated solution treatment

The solution of the intermetallic phase and the homogenization of composition are important for Mg alloy biomaterials.A single-phase Mg-6Zn alloy with the average grain size of about 20μm was prepared by ECAP processed for six passes at 320°C.It indicated that the ECAP could significantly promote the process of solid solution in Mg-Zn alloy.The results showed that complete dissolution of the intermetallic phase improved the corrosion resistance of Mg-6Zn alloy in 0.9%NaCl solution by turning the corrosion behavior into uniform corrosion and increased the hardness in combination with its smaller grain size.

Effect of Steam Explosion Technology Main Parameters on Moso Bamboo and Poplar Fiber

One of the large-scale industrial applications of Moso bamboo and poplar in China is the production of standardized fiberboard.When making fiberboard,a steam blasting pretreatment without the addition of traditional adhesives has become increasingly popular because of its environmental friendliness and wide applicability.In this study,the steam explosion pretreatment of Moso bamboo and poplar was conducted.The steam explosion pressure and holding time were varied to determine the influence of these factors on fiber quality by investigating the morphology of the fiber,the mass ratio of the unexploded specimen at the end face,the chemical composition,and the tensile strength.The following conclusions were drawn:As the steam burst pressure and holding time increased,more cellulose and hemicellulose degradation occurred(the degradation of hemicellulose was greater than that of cellulose),the lignin content rose,and the fiber bundle strength decreased.The degradation of bamboo cellulose was slightly higher than that of poplar,and the degradation of poplar hemicellulose was significantly faster than that of bamboo.Furthermore,increasing the steam explosion pressure and pressure holding time could not effectively increase the lignin content.It is recommended to use a steam blasting pressure of 2.5 MPa or 3.0 MPa and a holding time of 180 s to perform steam blasting on bamboo and poplar specimens.

Design of User Interface for Tractor Cab Real-time Information Management System

In this paper,the user interface of tractor cab real-time information management system was designed. Based on the principle of "user friendly",it reasonably arranged spatial position of information management system according to spatial distribution of tractor cab. Then,it analyzed operation habits and thinking ways of drivers,and formulated design principle meeting demands of drivers. Besides,it used LabView software to design user interface,including interface layout and interface design. User interface includes basic information interface,job information interface,camera monitoring interface,and fault diagnosis interface. Finally,it made evaluation of the user interface from color,indicator lamp,dial,and pointer. Results indicate that the designed user interface layout conforms to cognition mentality and operation habits and easy to get familiar and grasp; graphical interface is vivid and easy to stimulate pleasure of drivers in operation; interface color matching is coordinated; the layout of controls is hierarchical and logic,and operating mode is consistent with Windows system.

Dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry for determination of trace Ru(Ⅲ)

A new dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace Ru(III)was studied.This method was based on Ru(III)-catalyzing oxidation of Arsenazo I and indigo carmine by potassium bromate in sulfuric acid.The absorbances of the catalytic and noncatalytic systems were measured at 510 and610 nm,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the linear range of determination is 0–0.12 lgáml-1and the detection limit is 1.21 9 10-4lgáml-1.The method was applied for the determination of trace Ru(III)in ore samples with satisfactory results.

Improving the Properties of Fast-Growing Chinese Fir by Vacuum Hot Pressing Treatment

Chinese fir was compressed by vacuum hot pressing and conventional hot pressing at different temperatures(180℃,200℃ and 220℃),respectively.The color parameters of the heat-compressed sample were measured,the relative mechanical properties of the material were tested and changes in the chemistry of fir were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results indicated that the color difference between compressed and untreated wood increased gradually with the increase of temperature.Compared with the conventional hot pressing treatment,the color difference(ΔE*)of the Chinese fir treated by vacuum hot pressing decreased by 43.73%,69.91%,and 77.17%,respectively.The mechanical properties(bending elastic modulus and bending strength)of Chinese fir treated by vacuum hot pressing were significantly improved.The 24-hour water absorption thickness expansion rate of fir treated by vacuum hot pressing is smaller than that of conventional hot pressing.It is implied that vacuum hot pressing treatment is an effective method to produce compressed wood,which can improve the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of wood,and reduce the influence of carbonization on wood color.

Determination of epristeride by its quenching effect on the fluorescence of L-tryptophan

A rapid, novel spectrofluorimetric method to determine epristeride （EP） in biological fluids and a pharmaceutical formulation was developed, based on the fact that fluorescence intensity of L-tryptophan could be quenched by EP in the medium of pH=9.0. The various factors influencing fluorescence quenching were discussed. The quenching mechanism was investigated with the quenching type, synchronous fluorescence spectra and quantum efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, fluorescence quenching value （AF^---FL_tryptophan--FEP_L_tryptophan） showed a good linear relationship with the EP concentration ranging from 0.4 to 12.0 lag/mL. The linearity, recovery and limit of detection demonstrated that the proposed method was suitable for EP determination in biological fluids and EP tablets. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of EP in real samples and the obtained results were in good agreement with the results of the official method.

High Permeability of Boron along the Transverse Direction of Wood under High-Voltage Electrostatic Field (HVEF) Treatment

Permeability of wood preservative is one of the most significant factors for protection of wood construction.Ani-sotropic flow permeability was involved in different directions of wood with higher flow resistance in the trans-verse and lower longitudinal directions.In this study,boron acid solution was brushed onto the tangential section of air-dried wood cubes and boron penetration along wood transverse direction was investigated under free dif-fusion,vacuum and HVEF treatments.Multi-scale boron distribution,FTIR measurement,leaching property,mechanical properties and fungistatic characteristic were investigated for free diffusion,vacuum and HVEF trea-ted samples respectively.The results revealed that boron exhibited high permeability along the transverse direc-tion with the penetration depth of≈35 mm for HVEF treated samples and≈1 mm for free diffusion and vacuum treated samples.For HVEF treated samples,no significant decrease of hardness,compression modulus of elasti-city and strength were found in the treated samples.Better fungistatic characteristic was showcased in HVEF trea-ted samples exposed to white rot fungi.Thus,HVEF treatment has a positive effect on boron permeability and the improvement of penetration depth of preservatives hence playing a significant role in wood protection and prolonging the service life of wood construction.

Study on the Bonding Performance of the Moso Bamboo Dowel Welded to a Poplar Substrate Joint by High-Speed Rotation

The wood friction welding technique with its high bonding strength,low cost,high efficiency,and without any adhesive has been increasing concern in China.Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)and poplar(Populus sp.)are widely planted and used in the furniture industry,interior decoration,and wood structure construction in China.The aim of this work was to investigate the bonding performance of moso bamboo dowel rotation welded joints with different dowel/receiving hole diameter ratios.The results indicated that the ratio of dowel/receiving hole diameter was an important parameter that influenced the welding performance.The bonding strength of the bamboo-to-poplar welded joints at the optimal ratio of 10/7 was as high as 7.50 MPa,which was higher than that of the beech(Fagus sylvatica,L.),schima(Schima superba)dowels and PVAc glued joints.The temperature measurement results showed a peak temperature of bamboo dowel welding as high as 350–360°C.Some differences in the temperature curves between each dowel/hole diameter ratio group were observed at the three different hole depths,such as the friction time,peak temperatures,and stabilization time at the maximum temperature,which could explain the differences in welding strengths between different ratios.The SEM results showed the temperature-induced softening,melting and flowing of cell-interconnected polymer material in the wood and bamboo structure.In addition,the bamboo fibers(mainly vascular bundles)were wrapped to form a dense continuous bonding layer,similar to the reinforced concrete,thus producing a good bonding effect.The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analyses showed that the high temperature resulted in the increase of the lignin relative content due to the degradation reaction of cellulose in the welding zone,which improved the bonding properties.

Study of the Single Shear Performance of a Joint with a New Beech and Self-Tapping Screw Composite Dowel

A new beech and self-tapping screw composite dowel is proposed and studied,its performance being compared with that of beech dowels and self-tapping screws alone.The single shear performance of components connected by composite dowels was tested.Results show that the dowels are a good choice for components requiring high stiffness.Screws remain a good choice for components requiring excellent seismic performance.Combination group presents similar maximum load stiffness to those of composite dowels,but other ductility parameters are superior for composite dowels.The best connection mode was provided by two composite dowels.Based on connecting two points,structural elements with two composite dowels showed much better load bearing ability than when joined by two beech dowels or by two self-tapping screws separately.The structural element with two composite dowels not only presented better initial stiffness,but also exhibited a better ductility coeffi-cient and less energy consumption.So,the composite dowels can be used for beam column connection,dowel laminated timber,and restoration or enhancement of ancient buildings.

Study on the Tangential Tensile Mechanical Properties of Moso Bamboo

In this work,we used tensile tests to analyze the tangential failure forms of raw bamboo and determine a relationship between tangential tensile strength,elastic modulus,position,density,and moisture content.We found that the tangential mechanical properties of the culm wall were mainly dependent on the mechanical properties of the basic structure of the thin wall.Formulas for calculating the tangential tensile strength of moso bamboo and adjusting the moisture content were also determined.The tangential tensile strength and the tangential tensile modulus of elasticity(TTMOE)followed:outer>middle>inner,and diaphragm>bamboo node>culm wall.Below the fiber saturation point,the tangential tensile strength and TTMOE values of the bamboo gradually decreased with increasing moisture content.When the moisture content was 15%,the tangential tensile strengths of the inner,middle,outer,culm wall,bamboo node,and diaphragm samples of the five-year-old moso bamboo were 3.17,3.29,3.31,3.24,3.67,and 8.85 MPa,respectively.Furthermore,their TTMOE values were 215.09,227.98,238.45,224.04,267.21,and 559.27 MPa,respectively.Hence,this study provides a theoretical basis for future research on bamboo cracking.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Quaternary Sulfide FeSm6Si2S14

One new quaternary rare-earth sulfide, FeSm6Si2S（14）, has been synthesized by a facile solid-state route with boron as the reducing reagent. It crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric hexagonal space group P63, belonging to the Ce6Al（3.33）S（14） structure-type, and the AxRE3MQ7 family. Its crystal structure features a 3-D framework constructed by SmS 8 bicapped trigonal prisms, where Fe and Si atoms occupy the octahedral（2a） and tetrahedral（2c） voids, respectively. The FeS 6 octahedra are connected with each other to form a chain along the b direction. FeSm6Si2S（14） represents a new chemical composition among the large family of AxRE3MQ7 compounds. The other related compounds containing transition metal are also discussed.

A Comparative Study of Scarlett and Bai Liusu from a Feminist Perspective

Scarlett and Bai Liusu,the protagonists of American literary classic Gone with the Wind and Chinese modern literary work Love in a Fallen City,are two distinct women images in the history of world literature.Their female consciousness can be discovered throughout both works.This paper attempts to make a comparative study between the two heroines,by analyzing their female consciousness which is primarily expressed in the pursuit of love,money and independence,as well as their personalities and destiny.The study discovers that although Scarlett and Bai Liusu experience similar awakening process,their endings are different.The democratic Western culture allows Scarlett to grow up into a rebellious new woman;by contrast,thousands of years of Chinese feudal society decide that Bai Liusu’s female consciousness is not thorough enough.