Study Weariness of Vocational College Students and Reform of the Teaching Mode in Nursing Basic Technology Course

Objective: As part of an investigation and analysis of the study weariness of nursing vocational college students, the authors attempted to reform the teaching mode of a Nursing Basic Technolo-gy course to solve the problem of study weariness in vocational college students. Methods: The authors designed student questionnaires to investigate study weariness in 128 nurs-ing vocational college students. Results: Of the 128 students, 58 were tired of study, accounting for 45. 3%; 40 students often had weariness, accounting for 31. 3%; and 71 students had moderate or severe weariness, accounting for 55. 5%. Seventy-five students played on their mobile phone when they were tired of studying. Conclusions: The study weariness of vocational college students is a common phenomenon that has been developing rapidly. There are many factors that cause study weariness of professional college students. The students believe that the traditional teaching method is the main reason for study weariness. Reform of the teaching mode in a Nursing Basic Technology course effectively solved the learning problems of vocational college students. Teaching experiments for reform may have marked effects, and they are worthy of promoting.

Analysis of Young Learners’Listening Skills

The importance of listening as one of the communication skills cannot be overstated.However,in many areas,listening is neglected.For young learners,learning to listen is even more beneficial for their future studies,therefore,listening skills should be given due importance.

Investigation and Analysis of Artificial Rearing Snake Diseases in Yongzhou Area of Hunan Province

In recent years, artificial rearing snake diseases are increasingly rising, and some farms have suffered huge losses due to outbreak of snake diseases. Disease has become a big bottleneck restricting artificial breeding industry of snakes, and effective prevention and control of snake diseases has become the top priority. To control snake diseases purposely, questionnaires of artificial rearing snake diseases were released to 21 snake households in Yongzhou area of Hunan Province from February to May in 2014, and on-the-spot investigation was conducted as well. The types, etiology, epidemic characteristics, clinical symptoms and control effects of snake diseases in Yongzhou area were preliminarily understood, and their causes were analyzed. Survey showed that dermatitis, pneumonia, stomatitis, parasitosis, enteritis and powdery mildew were the six major diseases of artificial rearing snakes in Yongzhou area. The incidence of dermatitis was the highest of 61.9%, followed by pneumonia （42.8%）.

Outlier Detection Based on Robust Mahalanobis Distance and Its Application

Classical Mahalanobis distance is used as a method of detecting outliers, and is affected by outliers. Some robust Mahalanobis distance is proposed via the fast MCD estimator. However, the bias of the MCD estimator increases significantly as the dimension increases. In this paper, we propose the improved Mahalanobis distance based on a more robust Rocke estimator under high-dimensional data. The results of numerical simulation and empirical analysis show that our proposed method can better detect the outliers in the data than the above two methods when there are outliers in the data and the dimensions of data are very high.

基于多巴胺修饰的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒的光-温度双重响应型农药释放系统

本文将具有光-温度双重响应特性的共聚物——聚7-(4-乙烯基苯氧基)-4-甲基香豆素-co-N-乙烯基己内酰胺-co-三乙二醇甲基醚甲基丙烯酸酯(PVNM)接枝到经多巴胺修饰的介孔二氧化硅(MSNs)表面,从而合成了聚合物刷MSNs-g-PVNM。利用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析和X射线光电子能谱等手段对其结构进行了表征,并系统地研究了其在不同刺激条件下的响应行为,探讨了聚合物刷对模型药物吡虫啉的负载和控释能力。结果表明,聚合物刷MSNs-g-PVNM对吡虫啉的负载率和负载效率分别可以达到9.2%和40.6%,释放率分别在20℃,365 nm和50℃,254 nm两个条件下达到最低(5.4%)和最高(52.4%)。叶片浸出实验可以证实,应用聚合物刷可以将三次淋洗后叶片上吡虫啉的损失率从25.2%降低到8.4%。因此,本聚合物刷可以通过改变光照、温度等外界条件调控吡虫啉的释放过程。

Pressurized Synchronous Extraction of Volatile Oils, Total Flavonoids and Tannic Acid from Artemisia argyi

[Objectives] This study aimed to optimize the conditions for pressurized synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from Artemisia argyi .[Methods] Single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were conducted.[Results] Pressurization had a significant effect on the extraction rate of chemical constituents of A. argyi . The optimal conditions for pressurized synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from A. argyi were as follows: solvent concentration of 70%, solid to liquid ratio of 1∶ 30 (g/mL), extraction pressure of 0.9 MPa, extraction time of 40 min and extraction temperature of 90 ℃. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the yields of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid were 0.852%, 4.66% and 6.79%, respectively.[Conclusions] Compared with other extraction methods, the pressurized assistant solvent extraction method can achieve the synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from A. argyi . The process is stable, short in extraction time, high in solvent utilization rate and ideal in extraction effect of the three components from A. argyi .

Optimization of Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids and Chlorogenic Acid from Flos Lonicerae by Orthogonal Experiment

[Objectives]To explore the process of simultaneous extracting total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by pressure assisted extraction.[Methods]Based on the single factor experiment,orthogonal experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of solvent concentration,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction pressure,extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid.[Results]The results showed that the extraction pressure had a significant effect on the extraction of two kinds of chemical constituents from F.Lonicerae.The optimum process conditions were as follows:solvent concentration was 60%,solid-liquid ratio was 1∶20(g/mL),extraction pressure was 2 MPa,extraction time was 30 min,extraction temperature was 70℃.The process conditions are stable,and the extraction efficiency is higher than that of ultrasonic assisted extraction method.Under the test conditions,the extraction rates of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acids were respectively 15.66%and 3.89%.[Conclusions]This study provides a new theoretical basis for the development and utilization of F.Lonicerae.

Determination and Analysis of Amino Acid Content in Maca from Different Habitats and Varieties

[Objectives]To determine and analyze amino acid content in Maca from different habitats and varieties.[Methods]Maca from two habitats and three colors were selected and a kind of turnip commonly used was to fake Maca.After optimizing the hydrolysis conditions,100 mg Maca samples were hydrolyzed in the concentration of 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid at 110℃for 24 h.The content range of amino acids in each sample was detected by HPLC.[Results]The average total content of amino acids in Maca was 9.52 g/100 g.Yunnan yellow Maca contained 16 kinds of amino acids,including 7 kinds of human essential amino acids,accounting for 17.2%of the total amino acids while Yunnan purple Maca held 16 kinds of amino acids,counting 7 kinds of human essential amino acids,accounting for 16.5%of the total amino acids.The amino acid ratio coefficient method also showed that the two kinds of Maca had higher nutritional value than the others.15 kinds of amino acids were detected in Yunnan black Maca,including 6 kinds of essential amino acids,accounting for 9.60%of the total amino acids.Among amino acids in Yunnan Maca,the highest content was Arg.A total of 12 kinds of amino acids,together with 6 essential human amino acids,were determined in Peru black Maca,accounting for 11.6%of the total amino acids.In Peru black Maca the highest concentration of amino acid was Pro.It was noteworthy that the amino acid species were comprehensive in Maca,and high level of amino acids resulted in high nutritional value.Its specific amino acid composition ratio was obviously different from Turnip,the counterfeit goods to deceive customers.[Conclusions]The method of automatic amino acid analyzer is simple and accurate,and can be used for the identification and content determination of amino acids in Maca as amino acid is an essential nutrient in Maca.

Changes in renal function and morphological variations of kidney diseases in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Objective:Rheumatoid nephropathy is one of the most severe extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)associated with a very unfavorable prognosis.This study aimed to identify changes in renal function and morphological variations of kidney diseases in RA patients.Methods:The study enrolled patients(126 patients)between 18 and 55 years of age with a confirmed active RA of more than 12 months.Each patient underwent the following range of laboratory and instrumental research methods:general clinical analysis of blood and urine,performing urinalysis according to Nechiporenko method;determining daily proteinuria;determining the blood content of glucose,urea,creatinine,uric acid,total bilirubin,liver transaminase level,ionogram,lipidogram,and coagulogram;determining the blood content of rheumatoid factor,anti-streptolysin O,and C-reactive protein;and X-ray of the joints of hands and feet.Renal function was examined by estimating glomerular filtration rate,tubular reabsorption index,and renal functional reserve.For studying the morphological changes in the kidneys under ultrasound examination,renal biopsy was performed in 31 patients with RA with urinary syndrome(proteinuria more than 0.3 g per day and hematuria).Results:Nephropathy in RA is characterized by impaired renal function and manifested by an increased blood creatinine and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal functional reserve.Among morphological variations of nephropathy at RA,mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis prevails,accounting for 48.4%of patients.Other disorders include the secondary amyloidosis(29.0%of patients),tubulointerstitial nephritis(16.1%),membranous glomerulonephritis(3.2%),and focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis(3.2%).Conclusion:Kidney damage is a common systemic manifestation of RA with a long and active course,a major nephropathy trigger.