A very recent study by Bálint et al.published in Science deciphered in detail how cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)kill target cells.1 They found that perforin and pellet enzyme—the cytotoxic substances in CTLs—com...A very recent study by Bálint et al.published in Science deciphered in detail how cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)kill target cells.1 They found that perforin and pellet enzyme—the cytotoxic substances in CTLs—combined and assembled into supramolecular attack particles(SMAPs).The SMAPs were subsequently released toward the cell membrane of the target cell.The shell of SMAP was rich in glycoproteins that enabled its stability to maintain the cell-killing activity for hours,in which the thrombospondin-1(TSP-1)was critical(Fig.1).展开更多
Recently,a paper by Warren Chan et al.published in Nature Materials,discovered a simple way to improve the tumor delivery efficiency by reaching a nanomedicine dose above a threshold.1 As the largest organ of the reti...Recently,a paper by Warren Chan et al.published in Nature Materials,discovered a simple way to improve the tumor delivery efficiency by reaching a nanomedicine dose above a threshold.1 As the largest organ of the reticuloendothelial system,the liver takes up majority of nanomedicine after ingestion.2 This dose threshold is based on the kinetic balance between the uptake of nanomedicine in the liver and the absorption in the tumor,which is related to the number of receptors and binding sites available on Kupffer cells residing in the liver(Fig.1).A dose exceeding the effective binding site threshold overwhelmed the Kupffer cells,therefore it can reduce the liver clearance of nanomedicine and prolong the circulation.展开更多
文摘A very recent study by Bálint et al.published in Science deciphered in detail how cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)kill target cells.1 They found that perforin and pellet enzyme—the cytotoxic substances in CTLs—combined and assembled into supramolecular attack particles(SMAPs).The SMAPs were subsequently released toward the cell membrane of the target cell.The shell of SMAP was rich in glycoproteins that enabled its stability to maintain the cell-killing activity for hours,in which the thrombospondin-1(TSP-1)was critical(Fig.1).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC2005500)the Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2020YFS0570,2019YFS0514)the Science and Technology Project of Chengdu(Grant No.2019-YF05-00784-SN).
文摘Recently,a paper by Warren Chan et al.published in Nature Materials,discovered a simple way to improve the tumor delivery efficiency by reaching a nanomedicine dose above a threshold.1 As the largest organ of the reticuloendothelial system,the liver takes up majority of nanomedicine after ingestion.2 This dose threshold is based on the kinetic balance between the uptake of nanomedicine in the liver and the absorption in the tumor,which is related to the number of receptors and binding sites available on Kupffer cells residing in the liver(Fig.1).A dose exceeding the effective binding site threshold overwhelmed the Kupffer cells,therefore it can reduce the liver clearance of nanomedicine and prolong the circulation.
