Zero Energy Hotels and Sustainable Mobility in the Islands of Aegean Sea (Greece)

The goal of this work is to evaluate and to give evidence to innovative and sustainable technologies applied in the construction industry to carry out self-sufficient energy and to use the surplus energy for the production of hydrogen vector. An architectural integration design along with high technological systems is performed. The intermittency of renewable energy sources along with climatic conditions dependency imposes to store the energy produced, since it is clean and having a big calorific value: the hydrogen vector is currently the better energy carrier. The energy to obtain hydrogen by dissociation of water is supplied by a photovoltaic (PV) system. Through the computations of the annual energy balance between building’s demand and supply energy, it is shown that the extra energy produced by the solar generation system is used also for the hydrogen sustainable mobility. The renewable systems, model’s design and case study are tackled for the bigger one of the Dodecanese islands in the South Aegean Sea: Rhodes (Rodos). The Zero energy building’s integrative design-based approach, applied to the Hotel Buildings type industry is targeted to have new hotels buildings, in the Mediterranean typical warm climate, with zero energy consumption. The designers, authors of this work, have studied a real case or pilot project of an hotel, in the resort formula, suitable to the Greek landscape, showcasing technologies and innovations supporting environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, use of renewable energy, electricity storage by fuel cells that are tools particularly applicable to hotel facility [1]. The feasibility of this case study or pilot project is aligned jointly to the target of Zero Emission and Energy Efficiency EU Policy, as imposed by EU Directives. The strategic position of Rhodes in a geographical point full of sun and wind renewable energy power, enables to ensure the clean energy production, the current interesting development of the hydrogen as energy vector in the buildings [2] and also to satisfy the demand of tourists’ accommodation by having at the same time zero energy costs. Moreover, the presence in the island of the best example worldwide of ancient and sustainable built environment (UNESCO World Heritage site), represents also the best motivation to give witness there of a zero impact environmental urban development through the adoption of these achieved scientific results for a major success of Zero Energy Buildings.

Developing a Social Business Model for Zero Waste Management Systems: A Case Study Analysis

The global gross domestic product (GDP) has increased by 40% during 1960-2000;poverty and inequity have also increased over the same time [1]. Many social scientists and economists have indicted the existing monetary-based corporate social structures with their insignificant contribution to the problem solving and social development processes. Waste is one of the major problems in every city around the globe. This study explores policy instruments in existing profit maximizing business systems and proposes an alternative business approach for the zero waste management systems. The paper proposes a conceptualized social business model for waste management systems based on a case study of two different organizations working in waste management systems in low and high consuming cities. “Waste Concern”, on one hand, is a social business enterprise, promoting waste recycling activities through the community-based decentralized composting technology using public-private community partnerships model in a low consuming city i.e. Dhaka. “Finding Workable Solutions”, on the other hand, is a non-profit organization that rehabilitates and empowers disabled peoples in high consuming city, i. e. Adelaide by collecting and transforming sellable household waste. This paper argues that waste management social business would be an opportunity for the corporate world to implement the strategy of extended producer responsibility in more successful way. Under this business model, producers can contribute more significantly in the social development process, promote value creation, ensure product stewardship and equity within the society. In addition, the conceptualized waste management social business model will endorse closed-loop resource flow in the society and will maximize resource utilization through recycling, reusing and re-gifting in the circular society.

一种测量液膜厚度的超声相控阵实验装置

气液两相流存在于核反应堆蒸发、飞行器冷却、化工生产降膜蒸发等过程,界面波的动态测量对工业过程监控和生产优化具有重要意义。界面波的准确识别与特性参数测量是开展科学研究与工程实践的重要前提。基于超声相控阵测量系统,设计了扇扫的测量方式,可以用于气液界面清晰的流型中液膜厚度和界面波形态三维测量。通过静态标定和圆管验证,确定了像素点和液膜厚度之间的关系,在气相表观流速为0.0719~0.4316 m/s,液相表观流速为0.0567~1.4161 m/s的工况下进行实时动态实验,获得了实时流动过程中较高精度的截面气液相界面信息,并构建了管道内部界面波三维分布形态,为界面波特性研究提供了一种实验参考方法。

煤矿采动覆岩离层水害致灾因素勘查与预测评价

采动覆岩离层突水在我国各地矿区均较为常见且危害性较大,现有的规范中鲜有针对离层水害的具体工程地质和水文地质勘查方法。探索煤矿离层水害工程地质水文地质勘查与评价方法,能够推动我国矿井水害防治水平进一步提升。首先从煤矿采动覆岩高位离层水害孕灾机制出发,分析了离层水害从孕灾到致灾的工程地质条件,将我国现有的离层水害归纳为3种典型类型:离层动力突水、离层静水压涌突水和离层携泥砂突水。然后,确定了“水源”“通道”“力源”和“物源”为控制离层水害类型与强度的关键隐蔽致灾因素,将位于传统导水裂隙带以上,可发生离层突水的复合层位称为采动覆岩“突水离层带”,并提出了煤矿采动覆岩“突水离层带”的判别流程,划分勘查阶段,指明勘查要点。煤矿离层水害采前勘查应包括2个阶段:①开展覆岩基本工程地质和水文地质条件勘探,评估勘探区离层水害的可能性并确定潜在“突水离层带”的层位;②将“突水离层带”和“物源”层作为勘查目标层,开展离层水害致灾因素专项勘查,评定离层水害类型和强度。回采期间对水动力条件和覆岩裂隙演化进行探查。最后,基于离层水害致灾因素互馈演化致灾机制,建立了适用于采动覆岩离层水害的矿井区域预测综合评价模型,提出了全矿井/采区尺度的区域危险性分区、采前工作面突水位置判定及涌水量预计的煤矿采动覆岩离层水害预测评价方法。

灰岩在烧变过程中的热破裂机制试验研究

自燃煤层围岩在不同高温作用下会引起不同程度的结构损伤,导致其物理力学性质和工程地质效应发生显著变化。为深入认识烧变过程中岩石的结构演化规律,以徐州某矿底板灰岩为研究对象,开展不同温度作用下的热破裂试验,从多尺度上探究岩石热破裂的规律,并结合数值模拟和微观结构测试揭示其发育机理。结果显示:(1)方解石填充裂隙、层理等相对软弱结构面的热破裂温度阈值在300~400℃,完整岩石结构的热破裂温度阈值在500℃左右;600℃之前的热破裂形态较简单,基本是直线型裂纹,且宽度较小、数量较少;700℃以上出现宽度和长度显著增大的弧形热裂纹,热裂纹两侧试样的颜色有明显区别,靠近热裂纹的白色部位还发育一些连通弧形裂纹的次级小裂纹;800℃时,试样颜色全部变白,结构完全破碎,成散体状。(2)从微观结构和热应力角度阐释灰岩热破裂发育机理,发现试验温度路径下试样的热破裂主要发育在降温过程中,且最大热应力差主要在靠近试样表面的近似环形带上分布。500℃以下的热破裂成因主要为热应力在试样的原始缺陷处集中,并超过了部分软弱结构的抗拉强度;500℃以上受热应力与矿物分解共同控制,500℃以上升降温过程中的最大热应力基本超过灰岩的抗拉强度,且菱镁矿、白云母、白云石等矿物逐渐分解,逐渐增多的内部缺陷为应力集中提供有利条件,加剧了热破裂的发育;当温度达到800℃时,热破裂发育程度很高,且白云石和方解石快速分解,生成CaO,部分CaO在冷却过程中与空气接触生成Ca(OH)2,热裂纹与主体矿物分解共同导致试样结构的破碎。研究成果可为岩体破裂和地质结构演化分析奠定基础。

基于FBS-TRIZ的园艺拖拉机设计研究

目的关注园艺拖拉机使用过程中驾驶者的相关行为,提取园艺拖拉机驾驶者的使用需求,并将其转化为产品技术特性的设计要求,提升园艺拖拉机驾驶者的用户需求满意度。方法将FBS-TRIZ理论融合作为研究园艺拖拉机功能需求映射的方法。通过对用户行为特征的分析,结合用户访谈、问卷调研等方式获取用户需求,运用FBS模型,构建出园艺拖拉机功能需求模型,将行为作为连接功能需求与产品结构的纽带,通过分析获取解决设计问题的方法;运用TRIZ理论进行冲突问题的分析与转化,并针对设计层面产品特性的矛盾提出解决方案。结论FBS与TRIZ理论的融合应用能够将用户需求精准转化为技术特性层面的设计要求,对园艺拖拉机用户需求设计方面的不足提出了相应的解决方案,为设计师提供了将用户需求向功能结构的映射转化的指导,验证了该方法的有效性。

基于CFD仿真的浮子流量传感器设计

针对小流量测量精度低等问题,文中提出了一种基于6DOF模型和浮子流量传感器工作原理的浮子流量传感器CFD仿真方法,基于该仿真方法,设计了一种流量范围为60~600 mL/h用于水流量检测的浮子流量传感器。结果显示:当传感器的关键结构参数锥管锥半角为0.1°、浮子直径为2.98 mm时,浮子流量传感器性能达到最优。通过实流实验验证了设计方案的可行性。

土钉支护边坡物理模型试验研究进展

为提高工程扰动与自然因素联合作用下边坡稳定性,厘清不同加载条件下边坡土钉支护方式的作用过程及其特点,选取适用于实际工况的最优支护模式及布设工艺,保障边坡结构系统的本质安全。首先,在静力、振动和离心3类受力作用下系统阐述土钉支护物理模型试验过程与结果;其次,对比分析典型边坡支护技术与新型边坡支护方式的特点及适用性;最后,通过复杂环境效应下的物理模型试验,探究海底边坡、台风暴雨边坡及高速远程滑坡3类特殊边坡的变形破坏机制。结果表明:土钉在各类边坡支护中均具有良好的适用性,但对于复杂特殊环境下边坡支护的可靠度与安全系数仍有待提高。实际中需融合新材料新工艺开展组合支护结构研究;同时,加强物理模型试验中的相似材料选取、观测手段创新、特殊环境模拟研究,提高监测数据的高还原度,实现边坡系统的全过程安全保障。

水泥聚苯保温模壳混凝土柱的抗震性能试验

为进一步了解水泥聚苯保温模壳混凝土柱的抗震性能,制作了单侧设置水泥聚苯保温模壳、周边设置保温模壳的2个混凝土柱试件,以及相应的2个普通混凝土柱对照试件,采用拟静力加载方式对各试件的抗震性能进行试验。试验中考虑不同混凝土柱截面尺寸、单侧设置保温模壳及四周设置保温模壳对混凝土柱抗震性能的影响,分析各试件的滞回性能、骨架曲线、延性、刚度退化、耗能能力以及破坏特征等。结果表明:水泥聚苯保温模壳可以延缓混凝土开裂,混凝土柱角先于保温模壳发生破坏,且保温模壳与混凝土柱交界面无损伤,模壳与试件协同受力,形成整体;单侧设置保温模壳的试件,其承载力、延性、累积耗能分别提高了5.0%、6.0%、10.7%;周边布置保温模壳的试件,分别提高了17.0%、26.0%、23.3%。在混凝土柱中设置水泥聚苯保温模壳不仅可以起到保温、隔热的作用,还可以显著提高结构的抗震性能。

The transformation of agriculture in Brazil through development and adoption of Zero Tillage Conservation Agriculture

The soil conservation movement in Brazil has been a major driving force in the continuing search for agricultural farming systems that are more sustainable than what we have today,particularly in tropical and subtropical areas.The development and adoption of Zero Tillage Conservation Agriculture(ZT/CA)was the key to the success of this movement,generating agricultural,environmental,and societal benefits.Adoption of the ZT/CA philosophy and technologies is currently practiced on more than 50%of the annual crop area.This is due to the work and innovations of pioneering farmers,agronomists,researchers,and consultants that were and are involved in these efforts.This extensive adoption of ZT/CA occurred after many unsuccessful efforts to mitigate against the devastating effects of soil erosion that were threatening the entire agricultural industry in Brazil.Technicians and farmers realized that erosion control required continual cover of the soil to guard against the torrential rain storms common to these regions.This triggered the efforts of soil conservation pioneers at different points in time and regions of Brazil.In southern Brazil,Herbert Bartz,watched his topsoil eroding away in torrents of runoff.This set him thinking and searching for alternatives,resulting in his adoption of ZT/CA farming in 1972.Ten years later in Brazil’s centre-western savannah(Cerrado biome),farmers,researchers,crop consultants and agro-industry initiated efforts to expand cultivation into the very difficult production region of the Cerrados.This was successfully achieved through the pioneering work of agronomist John Landers,bringing experience from the ZT/CA farmer association networks in the south.These were the turning points in the sustainable development of annual crop farming in Brazil.Today,society recognizes the role of these pioneers as key to achieving social,economic and environmental sustainability.ZT/CA reversed the historically accelerating degradation of soil organic matter and soil structure by abandoning conventional tillage,thus improving soil physical and chemical characteristics.This was achieved by promoting cover cropping and permanent soil cover with crop residues,crop rotations,and complementary,environmentally suitable soil management technologies.

Changes in snow cover extent in the Central Taurus Mountains from 1981 to 2021 in relation to temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric teleconnections

The snow cover over the Taurus Mountains affects water supply, agriculture, and hydropower generation in the region. In this study, we analyzed the monthly Snow Cover Extent(SCE) from November to April in the Central Taurus Mountains(Bolkar, Aladaglar, Tahtali and Binboga Mountains) from 1981 to 2021. Linear trends of snow cover season(November to April) over the last 41 years showed decreases in SCE primarily at lower elevations. The downward trend in SCE was found to be more pronounced and statistically significant for only November and March. SCE in the Central Taurus Mountains has declined about-6.3% per decade for 2500-3000 m in November and about-6.0% per decade for 1000-1500 m and 3000+ m in March over the last 41 years. The loss of SCE has become evident since the 2000s, and the lowest negative anomalies in SCE have been observed in 2014, 2001, and 2007 in the last 41 years, which are consistent with an increase in air temperature and decreased precipitation. SCE was correlated with both mean temperature and precipitation, with temperature having a greater relative importance at all elevated gradients. Results showed that there is a strong linear relationship between SCE and the mean air temperature(r =-0.80) and precipitation(r = 0.44) for all elevated gradients during the snow season. The Arctic Oscillation(AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO), and the Mediterranean Oscillation(MO) winter indices were used to explain the year-to-year variability in SCE over the Central Taurus Mountains. The results showed that the inter-annual variability observed in the winter SCE on the Central Taurus Mountains was positively correlated with the phases of the winter AO, NAO and MO, especially below 2000 m elevation.

Unification of Gravitational and Strong Interaction Fields Using Partial Gauge Symmetry

We propose the new field potential by maintaining both the symmetry of the scalar gauge and the conservation law keeping N?ether’s theorem, while disregarding the symmetry of the vector gauge. The new potential forms like the well-type potential where a particle behaves almost freely but is very hard to escape without external energy, which can be interpreted as local confinement and asymptotic freedom. By assuming a 2-dimensional metric tensor in 4-dimensional space-time, we suggest the existence of 3 kinds of particles that resemble QCD with 3 color charges. We also show that the mass term exists but comes to zero and derive the charge and spin values. We can regard the particle with this new potential as a gluon, and the interaction in this well-type potential as a strong interaction for the properties of mass, charge, spin, and its behavior. We suggest the eight-fold way with this new particle, which is similar to the existing method based on SU (3) symmetry. Even though the strong interaction has been analyzed in the standard model and string theory, we build a new consistent model based on the theory of relativity including Riemann geometry, and show the unification of gravitational and strong interactional field.

基于SPWM混合调制的光伏并网逆变实践教学装置研制

为更好达到光伏并网逆变原理教学目标,基于模拟和数字控制技术研制一台通用光伏并网逆变实践教学装置。装置集成了DC/DC、DC/AC、通信和上位机显示等单元。利用SG3525为核心的升压电路和DSP TMS320F28335为核心的逆变电路作为教学装置的通用主电路,采用正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)单、双极性混合控制策略,完成课程中直流升压、逆变等多种实验。通过教学装置的操作、训练,显著提升学生对升压开关变换电路的原理、特性以及单相SPWM逆变电路的工作原理、波形分析的理解。

充填钻孔轨迹控制与套损实时监控技术研究

充填钻孔作为矿山尾砂充填系统的核心通道,一旦发生堵塞,恢复难度大、成本高。因此,如何延长充填孔使用寿命已成为制约矿山尾砂治理、推动绿色矿山建设的重要挑战。钻孔偏斜率是影响充填孔套管寿命的最关键因素。因此,开展了小顶角高垂直度孔轨迹随钻监控与微拐点导向技术研究,同时研发了基于光纤光栅应变传感器的套管损坏实时监测系统,为提高充填孔成孔效率与质量,实现孔内套管损前预警与治理,延长充填孔寿命提供了有益参考和借鉴。

寒冷地区外保温墙体热湿耦合特性

为了研究外保温墙体非稳态热湿耦合传递规律,降低墙体内部受潮的危害,以寒冷地区保定市典型的外保温墙体为研究对象,针对以现浇混凝土为基层和以轻质砌块为基层的外墙外保温系统,通过模拟对它们的热湿传递特性进行横向对比研究。同时从隔汽层的设置与空气层安装这两方面,分析其对墙体热湿性能的影响。模拟结果表明:在寒冷地区冬季工况下,现浇混凝土墙体保温层受潮位置在靠近室外一侧,轻质砌块墙体保温层受潮位置主要在保温层中间及靠近基层墙体一侧,其中轻质砌块墙体的保温层受潮程度较为严重,保温层的最大相对湿度达到71.5%且长期高于室外环境相对湿度,容易发生湿积累。安装隔汽层后,轻质砌块系统保温层含水量下降了17.3%,保温层相对湿度下降到50%以下。安装空气层后,现浇混凝土系统的热阻提高,采暖期最冷日墙体平均温度上升了2.88℃,采暖期保温层最高相对湿度下降到了34%,但会增加夏季保温层的相对湿度,综合效果不佳。

石墨烯/钼基二硫族化合物范德华异质结光电探测器的研究进展

石墨烯因其高载流子迁移率和宽光谱吸收范围而广泛应用于光电探测。然而,其低光吸收率导致的高暗电流严重限制了它的光电探测性能。钼基二硫族化合物(MoX_(2),X=S、Se和Te)具有高的吸收系数,能够弥补石墨烯基光电探测器中暗电流较高的劣势,因此基于石墨烯/MoX_(2)范德华异质结的光电探测器能够表现出优异的光电子特性。本综述首先回顾了光电探测器的工作原理、性能指标和结构。之后,从材料基础的角度突出了石墨烯/MoX_(2)范德华异质结光电探测器的重要性。接着,总结了石墨烯/MoX_(2)范德华异质结光电探测器的制备方法和性能增强策略。最后,强调了这类异质结光电探测器当前面临的挑战及未来的发展方向。本综述将为这类高性能范德华异质结光电探测器的设计提供一定的指导和参考。

高效静电新风机在医院ICU中的应用研究

ICU是医院建筑中一个特殊的护理区域,病人主要为重症患者。ICU室内空气品质控制措施现无统一的指导做法,针对多数ICU室内空气品质维护成本高、运行能耗高的问题,提出一种新的高效静电新风机解决方案。经实际应用表明,此方案具有耗材更换成本低、运行能耗低的优势,且室内环境参数稳定可靠,具有实际推广价值。

产品碳足迹的影响因素及其挑战

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