Ternary transition metal dichalcogenide alloys with spatially graded bandgaps are an emerging class of two-dimensional materials with unique features,which opens up new potential for device applications.Here,visible–...Ternary transition metal dichalcogenide alloys with spatially graded bandgaps are an emerging class of two-dimensional materials with unique features,which opens up new potential for device applications.Here,visible–near-infrared and self-powered phototransistors based on spatially bandgap-graded MoS2(1−x)Se2x alloys,synthesized by a simple and controllable chemical solution deposition method,are reported.The graded bandgaps,arising from the spatial grading of Se composition and thickness within a single domain,are tuned from 1.83 to 1.73 eV,leading to the formation of a homojunction with a builtin electric field.Consequently,a strong and sensitive gate-modulated photovoltaic effect is demonstrated,enabling the homojunction phototransistors at zero bias to deliver a photoresponsivity of 311 mA W−1,a specific detectivity up to^10^11 Jones,and an on/off ratio up to^10^4.Remarkably,when illuminated by the lights ranging from 405 to 808 nm,the biased devices yield a champion photoresponsivity of 191.5 A W−1,a specific detectivity up to^1012 Jones,a photoconductive gain of 10^6–10^7,and a photoresponsive time in the order of^50 ms.These results provide a simple and competitive solution to the bandgap engineering of two-dimensional materials for device applications without the need for p–n junctions.展开更多
Various strategies for thermoelectric material optimization have been widely studied and used for promoting electrical transport and suppressing thermal transport.As a nontraditional method,pressure has shown great po...Various strategies for thermoelectric material optimization have been widely studied and used for promoting electrical transport and suppressing thermal transport.As a nontraditional method,pressure has shown great potential,as it has been applied to obtain a high thermoelectric figure of merit,but the microscopic mechanisms involved have yet to be fully explored.In this study,we focus on r-GeTe,a lowtemperature phase of GeTe,and investigate the pressure effects on the electronic structure,electrical transport properties and anharmonic lattice dynamics based on density functional theory(DFT),the Boltzmann transport equations(BTEs)and perturbation theory.Electronic relaxation times are obtained based on the electron-phonon interaction and the constant relaxation time approximation.The corresponding electrical transport properties are compared with those obtained from previous experiments.Hydrostatic pressure is shown to increase valley degeneracy,decrease the band effective mass and enhance the electrical transport property.At the same time,the increase in the low-frequency phonon lifetime and phonon group velocity leads to an increase in lattice thermal conductivity under pressure.This study provides insight into r-GeTe under hydrostatic pressure and paves the way for a high-pressure strategy to optimize transport properties.展开更多
Efficient and durable electrocatalysts are instrumental in enabling next-generation fuel cell technologies.At present,expensive precious metals are used as state-of-the-art catalysts.In this report,cost-effective nano...Efficient and durable electrocatalysts are instrumental in enabling next-generation fuel cell technologies.At present,expensive precious metals are used as state-of-the-art catalysts.In this report,cost-effective nanosized tantalum-based alternatives are synthesized for the first time via a green and scalable laser pyrolysis method as bifunctional catalysts for direct peroxide–peroxide fuel cells.This rapid laser pyrolysis strategy allows for the production of nanoparticles at a laboratory scale of grams per hour,compatible with a detailed exploration of the functional properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles.By varying the precursor ratio between ammonia and tantalum ethanolate,five tantalum-based nanomaterials(TaNOC)are prepared with crystalline phases of Ta_(2)O_(5),Ta_(4)N_(5),Ta_(3)N_(5),and TaN in tunable ratios.Electrochemical studies in neutral and alkaline conditions demonstrate that Ta_(4)N_(5) is the active component for both H_(2)O_(2) oxidation and reduction.Kinetic isotope effect studies show that protons are involved at or before the rate-determining step.Long-term stability studies indicate that Ta_(3)N_(5) grants surfactant-free TaNOC-enhanced longevity during electrocatalytic operations.Taken together,bifunctional TaNOC can act as active and robust electrocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) reduction and oxidation.Laser pyrolysis is envisioned to produce refractory metal nanomaterials with boosted corrosion resistance for energy catalysis.展开更多
Mg_(3)Sb_(2)-based alloys are promising thermoelectric materials with a reasonably low thermal conductivity.However,their electrical transport property is usually limited by the low carrier concentration.Mg_(3)Sb_(2) ...Mg_(3)Sb_(2)-based alloys are promising thermoelectric materials with a reasonably low thermal conductivity.However,their electrical transport property is usually limited by the low carrier concentration.Mg_(3)Sb_(2) has a multi-valley conduction band with a six-fold degeneracy,benefiting n-type thermoelectric performance.Recently,n-type Y-doped Mg_(3)Sb_(1.5)Bi_(0.5) and Sc-doped Mg_(3)Sb_(2)-Mg_(3)Bi_(2) alloys show a large figure of merit(ZT).In this paper,the doping effect of group-3 and chalcogen elements on the electronic structures and electrical transport properties of Mg_(3)Sb_(2) was investigated via the first-principles calculations.Chalcogen elements have a slight effect on the electronic structure,and Te-doped Mg_(3)Sb_(2) shows better normalized power factors in both the out-of-plane and in-plane directions,compared to the Sdoped and Se-doped systems.Distinctly different doping effects appear in Mg_(3)Sb_(2) doped with group-3 elements.A increased density of states near the bottom of the conduction band can be induced by Sc or Y.Sc-doped and Y-doped Mg_(3)Sb_(2) show higher normalized power factors along the in-plane direction than those doped with chalcogens.展开更多
Friction force(f)usually increases with the normal load(N)macroscopically,according to the classic law of Da Vinci–Amontons(f=μN),with a positive and finite friction coefficient(μ).Herein near-zero and negative dif...Friction force(f)usually increases with the normal load(N)macroscopically,according to the classic law of Da Vinci–Amontons(f=μN),with a positive and finite friction coefficient(μ).Herein near-zero and negative differential friction(ZNDF)coefficients are discovered in two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)magnetic CrI_(3)commensurate contacts.It is identified that the ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition of the interlayer couplings of the bilayer CrI_(3)can significantly reduce the interfacial sliding energy barriers and thus contribute to ZNDF.Moreover,phase transition between the in-plane(p_(x)and p_(y))and out-of-plane(p_(z))wave-functions dominates the sliding barrier evolutions,which is attributed to the delicate interplays among the interlayer vdW,electrostatic interactions,and the intralayer deformation of the CrI_(3)layers under external load.The present findings may motivate a new concept of slide-spintronics and are expected to play an instrumental role in design of novel magnetic solid lubricants applied in various spintronic nano-devices.展开更多
GeTe that exhibits a strong anharmonicity and a ferroelectric phase transition between the rhombohedral and cubic structures has emerged as one of the leading thermoelectric materials.Herein,combining molecular dynami...GeTe that exhibits a strong anharmonicity and a ferroelectric phase transition between the rhombohedral and cubic structures has emerged as one of the leading thermoelectric materials.Herein,combining molecular dynamics simulations and inelastic neutron scattering measurements,the lattice dynamics in GeTe have been investigated to reveal the soft-mode mechanisms across the phase transition.We have constructed a first-principles-based machine-learning interatomic potential,which successfully captures the dynamical ferroelectric phase transition of GeTe by adopting the neural network technique.Although the low-energy acoustic phonons remain relatively unaffected at elevated temperatures,the high-energy optical,and longitudinal acoustic phonons demonstrate strong renormalizations as evidenced from the vibrational phonon spectra,which are attributed to the large anharmonicity accompanying the phase transition.Furthermore,our results reveal a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the soft-modes beyond the perturbative regime.The insight provided by this work into the soft-modes may pave the way for further phonon engineering of GeTe and the related thermoelectrics.展开更多
本文设计了基于二维玻璃态石墨烯的多功能器件.与本征石墨烯相比,扭曲的晶格结构打开了玻璃态石墨烯的带隙,表现出与石墨烯类似甚至更优异的光电探测与化学传感性能.由于玻璃态石墨烯与空气中的小分子间较强的相互作用,该器件受到光致...本文设计了基于二维玻璃态石墨烯的多功能器件.与本征石墨烯相比,扭曲的晶格结构打开了玻璃态石墨烯的带隙,表现出与石墨烯类似甚至更优异的光电探测与化学传感性能.由于玻璃态石墨烯与空气中的小分子间较强的相互作用,该器件受到光致脱附的影响更小,呈现出正的光响应.在405 nm的激光照射下,器件的响应率为0.22 A W^(-1),探测率为10^(10)Jones.此外,玻璃态石墨烯中的固有缺陷和应变可增强分析物的吸附,获得良好的化学传感性能.玻璃态石墨烯器件探测丙酮的信噪比为48,比石墨烯器件提高了50%以上.此外,对偏压和厚度有关的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)感测功能的分析表明,少层玻璃态石墨烯更为敏感.这项研究表明玻璃态石墨烯在集成光电探测和化学传感多功能器件方面具有巨大应用前景.展开更多
Superionic materials that exhibit coexistence of rigid crystalline lattices and liquid-like fluctuating substructures have emerged as promising thermoelectric materials.The inadequate understanding of the phonon behav...Superionic materials that exhibit coexistence of rigid crystalline lattices and liquid-like fluctuating substructures have emerged as promising thermoelectric materials.The inadequate understanding of the phonon behavior in the superionic state,however,still prevents further revealing of the underlying correlation between the thermally induced liquid-like atomic dynamics and anomalous thermal transport properties.Herein,by adopting a hybrid scheme to directly characterize anharmonic phonon quasiparticles from ab-initio molecular dynamics,we manifest that low-energy transverse phonons dominated by Ag atoms totally collapse,whereas longitudinal optical phonons remain largely intact during the superionic transition.展开更多
基金supported by Grants from the UK EPSRC Future Compound Semiconductor Manufacturing Hub(EP/P006973/1)the financial support from EPSRC(EP/L018330/1,EP/N032888/1)+3 种基金the U.S.Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-16-2-0120the “973 Program—the National Basic Research Program of China” Special Funds for the Chief Young Scientis(2015CB358600)the Excellent Young Scholar Fund from National Natural Science Foundation of China(21422103)the China Scholarship Council(CSC)
文摘Ternary transition metal dichalcogenide alloys with spatially graded bandgaps are an emerging class of two-dimensional materials with unique features,which opens up new potential for device applications.Here,visible–near-infrared and self-powered phototransistors based on spatially bandgap-graded MoS2(1−x)Se2x alloys,synthesized by a simple and controllable chemical solution deposition method,are reported.The graded bandgaps,arising from the spatial grading of Se composition and thickness within a single domain,are tuned from 1.83 to 1.73 eV,leading to the formation of a homojunction with a builtin electric field.Consequently,a strong and sensitive gate-modulated photovoltaic effect is demonstrated,enabling the homojunction phototransistors at zero bias to deliver a photoresponsivity of 311 mA W−1,a specific detectivity up to^10^11 Jones,and an on/off ratio up to^10^4.Remarkably,when illuminated by the lights ranging from 405 to 808 nm,the biased devices yield a champion photoresponsivity of 191.5 A W−1,a specific detectivity up to^1012 Jones,a photoconductive gain of 10^6–10^7,and a photoresponsive time in the order of^50 ms.These results provide a simple and competitive solution to the bandgap engineering of two-dimensional materials for device applications without the need for p–n junctions.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(17201019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11934007,11874194and 11874313)+3 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(NO.2018B030322001)the Science and Technology Innovation Committee Foundation of Shenzhen(KQTD2016022619565991)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR19A040001)SL acknowledges the support from the startup fund of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY220096).
文摘Various strategies for thermoelectric material optimization have been widely studied and used for promoting electrical transport and suppressing thermal transport.As a nontraditional method,pressure has shown great potential,as it has been applied to obtain a high thermoelectric figure of merit,but the microscopic mechanisms involved have yet to be fully explored.In this study,we focus on r-GeTe,a lowtemperature phase of GeTe,and investigate the pressure effects on the electronic structure,electrical transport properties and anharmonic lattice dynamics based on density functional theory(DFT),the Boltzmann transport equations(BTEs)and perturbation theory.Electronic relaxation times are obtained based on the electron-phonon interaction and the constant relaxation time approximation.The corresponding electrical transport properties are compared with those obtained from previous experiments.Hydrostatic pressure is shown to increase valley degeneracy,decrease the band effective mass and enhance the electrical transport property.At the same time,the increase in the low-frequency phonon lifetime and phonon group velocity leads to an increase in lattice thermal conductivity under pressure.This study provides insight into r-GeTe under hydrostatic pressure and paves the way for a high-pressure strategy to optimize transport properties.
基金Edmund C.M.Tse would like to express gratitude to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for providing a Young Scientists Fund(No.22002132)the European Union(EU)for sponsoring the SABYDOMA project via the Horizon 2020 program(H2020:862296)+5 种基金on energy catalysis and sustainable nanomaterials.Xiaoyong Mo thanks Frankie Y.F.Chan at the Electron Microscope Unit(EMU)at the University of Hong Kong(HKU)for his help with the characterization of nanomaterials.Xiaoyong Mo was supported by an Algaia-HKU Chemistry RPg Award and an SZSTI Basic Science General Program(No.JCYJ20210324122011031)The authors thank the Research Grants Council(RGC)in Hong Kong(China)for an EU-HK Research and Innovation Cooperation Co-funding Mechanism(RGC:E-HKU704/19)a CAS-RGC Joint Laboratory Funding Scheme(RGC:JLFS/P-704/18)an Early Career Scheme(RGC:27301120)for expanding the electrochemical investigation capability as well as upgrading the nanomaterials characterization instruments at the HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New MaterialsThe authors also thank the support provided by the National Research Agency(ANR)through the SNON(Sun light oxi-nitrides for energetic applications project)project reference ANR-13-IS09-0003The help of two Master students,Laura Line Risal and Shunxing Deng,is gratefully acknowledged.The authors are also grateful to Jocelyne Leroy and Eddy Foy for performing XPS and XRD analyses.
文摘Efficient and durable electrocatalysts are instrumental in enabling next-generation fuel cell technologies.At present,expensive precious metals are used as state-of-the-art catalysts.In this report,cost-effective nanosized tantalum-based alternatives are synthesized for the first time via a green and scalable laser pyrolysis method as bifunctional catalysts for direct peroxide–peroxide fuel cells.This rapid laser pyrolysis strategy allows for the production of nanoparticles at a laboratory scale of grams per hour,compatible with a detailed exploration of the functional properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles.By varying the precursor ratio between ammonia and tantalum ethanolate,five tantalum-based nanomaterials(TaNOC)are prepared with crystalline phases of Ta_(2)O_(5),Ta_(4)N_(5),Ta_(3)N_(5),and TaN in tunable ratios.Electrochemical studies in neutral and alkaline conditions demonstrate that Ta_(4)N_(5) is the active component for both H_(2)O_(2) oxidation and reduction.Kinetic isotope effect studies show that protons are involved at or before the rate-determining step.Long-term stability studies indicate that Ta_(3)N_(5) grants surfactant-free TaNOC-enhanced longevity during electrocatalytic operations.Taken together,bifunctional TaNOC can act as active and robust electrocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) reduction and oxidation.Laser pyrolysis is envisioned to produce refractory metal nanomaterials with boosted corrosion resistance for energy catalysis.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(17200017 and 17300018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51706192 and 11874313)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR19A040001)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20180307154619840).
文摘Mg_(3)Sb_(2)-based alloys are promising thermoelectric materials with a reasonably low thermal conductivity.However,their electrical transport property is usually limited by the low carrier concentration.Mg_(3)Sb_(2) has a multi-valley conduction band with a six-fold degeneracy,benefiting n-type thermoelectric performance.Recently,n-type Y-doped Mg_(3)Sb_(1.5)Bi_(0.5) and Sc-doped Mg_(3)Sb_(2)-Mg_(3)Bi_(2) alloys show a large figure of merit(ZT).In this paper,the doping effect of group-3 and chalcogen elements on the electronic structures and electrical transport properties of Mg_(3)Sb_(2) was investigated via the first-principles calculations.Chalcogen elements have a slight effect on the electronic structure,and Te-doped Mg_(3)Sb_(2) shows better normalized power factors in both the out-of-plane and in-plane directions,compared to the Sdoped and Se-doped systems.Distinctly different doping effects appear in Mg_(3)Sb_(2) doped with group-3 elements.A increased density of states near the bottom of the conduction band can be induced by Sc or Y.Sc-doped and Y-doped Mg_(3)Sb_(2) show higher normalized power factors along the in-plane direction than those doped with chalcogens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12074345,12174349,11674289,11804306,11634011 and U2030120)Henan Provincial Key Science and Technology Research Projects(No.212102210130).
文摘Friction force(f)usually increases with the normal load(N)macroscopically,according to the classic law of Da Vinci–Amontons(f=μN),with a positive and finite friction coefficient(μ).Herein near-zero and negative differential friction(ZNDF)coefficients are discovered in two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)magnetic CrI_(3)commensurate contacts.It is identified that the ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition of the interlayer couplings of the bilayer CrI_(3)can significantly reduce the interfacial sliding energy barriers and thus contribute to ZNDF.Moreover,phase transition between the in-plane(p_(x)and p_(y))and out-of-plane(p_(z))wave-functions dominates the sliding barrier evolutions,which is attributed to the delicate interplays among the interlayer vdW,electrostatic interactions,and the intralayer deformation of the CrI_(3)layers under external load.The present findings may motivate a new concept of slide-spintronics and are expected to play an instrumental role in design of novel magnetic solid lubricants applied in various spintronic nano-devices.
基金This work is supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR19A040001)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(17201019 and 17300018)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11874313)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0209904)The authors are grateful for the research computing facilities offered by ITS,HKU.
文摘GeTe that exhibits a strong anharmonicity and a ferroelectric phase transition between the rhombohedral and cubic structures has emerged as one of the leading thermoelectric materials.Herein,combining molecular dynamics simulations and inelastic neutron scattering measurements,the lattice dynamics in GeTe have been investigated to reveal the soft-mode mechanisms across the phase transition.We have constructed a first-principles-based machine-learning interatomic potential,which successfully captures the dynamical ferroelectric phase transition of GeTe by adopting the neural network technique.Although the low-energy acoustic phonons remain relatively unaffected at elevated temperatures,the high-energy optical,and longitudinal acoustic phonons demonstrate strong renormalizations as evidenced from the vibrational phonon spectra,which are attributed to the large anharmonicity accompanying the phase transition.Furthermore,our results reveal a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the soft-modes beyond the perturbative regime.The insight provided by this work into the soft-modes may pave the way for further phonon engineering of GeTe and the related thermoelectrics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61974014)the EPSRC Future Compound Semiconductor Manufacturing Hub (EP/P006973/1)。
文摘本文设计了基于二维玻璃态石墨烯的多功能器件.与本征石墨烯相比,扭曲的晶格结构打开了玻璃态石墨烯的带隙,表现出与石墨烯类似甚至更优异的光电探测与化学传感性能.由于玻璃态石墨烯与空气中的小分子间较强的相互作用,该器件受到光致脱附的影响更小,呈现出正的光响应.在405 nm的激光照射下,器件的响应率为0.22 A W^(-1),探测率为10^(10)Jones.此外,玻璃态石墨烯中的固有缺陷和应变可增强分析物的吸附,获得良好的化学传感性能.玻璃态石墨烯器件探测丙酮的信噪比为48,比石墨烯器件提高了50%以上.此外,对偏压和厚度有关的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)感测功能的分析表明,少层玻璃态石墨烯更为敏感.这项研究表明玻璃态石墨烯在集成光电探测和化学传感多功能器件方面具有巨大应用前景.
基金This work is supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(17200017 and 17300018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51706192 and 11874313)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR19A040001)the Environment and Conservation Fund(69/2018).
文摘Superionic materials that exhibit coexistence of rigid crystalline lattices and liquid-like fluctuating substructures have emerged as promising thermoelectric materials.The inadequate understanding of the phonon behavior in the superionic state,however,still prevents further revealing of the underlying correlation between the thermally induced liquid-like atomic dynamics and anomalous thermal transport properties.Herein,by adopting a hybrid scheme to directly characterize anharmonic phonon quasiparticles from ab-initio molecular dynamics,we manifest that low-energy transverse phonons dominated by Ag atoms totally collapse,whereas longitudinal optical phonons remain largely intact during the superionic transition.