According to the latest situation of marine nature reserves in China, major problems in the construction of China's marine nature reserves and causes were analyzed. Considering related laws and regulations as well...According to the latest situation of marine nature reserves in China, major problems in the construction of China's marine nature reserves and causes were analyzed. Considering related laws and regulations as well as requirements of China's ecological environment protection, this paper pointed out the necessity and urgency of implementing supervisory monitoring over marine nature reserves, and suggested that Ministry of Environmental Protection should take the lead, marine, forestry, land resources and other departments in charge should cooperate to fulfi ll this task, the supervisory monitoring should cover ecological environment, protected objects, routine work of the nature reserve management agency, and the authority of supervisory monitoring results should be highlighted.展开更多
The excitation spectra of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence can be used to differentiate phytoplankton populations at phylum level in vivo and in situ within a few minutes.The investigated phytoplankton divisions (Dinoph...The excitation spectra of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence can be used to differentiate phytoplankton populations at phylum level in vivo and in situ within a few minutes.The investigated phytoplankton divisions (Dinophyta,Bacillariophyta,Chrysophyta,Cyanophyta,Cryptophyta,Chlorophyta) are each characterized by a specific composition of photosynthetic antenna pigments and,consequently,by a specific excitation spectrum of the Chl fluorescence.Norm excitation spectra (emission of 680 nm and excitation of 400–600 nm) of every division were obtained from several species per division by a F4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer.Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis of the norm spectra shows that the divisions could be discriminated.The discrimination method,established by multivariate linear regression and weighted least squares,was used to differentiate the phytoplankton samples cultured in the laboratory and samples collected from the Jiaozhao Bay at division level.The correctly discriminated samples were more than 94% for single algal species ones,more than 84% for simulatively mixed ones,more than 83% for real mixed ones and 100% for samples collected from the Jiaozhou Bay for the dominant species.The method for phytoplankton differentiation described here can be applied to routine checking by fluorescence spectrophotometer,and benefit the monitoring and supervision tasks related to phytoplankton populations in the marine environments.展开更多
In vivo fluorescence methods are efficient tools for studying the distribution of phytoplankton in nature.Different algae species usually have different pigments with different ratios,which results in different fluore...In vivo fluorescence methods are efficient tools for studying the distribution of phytoplankton in nature.Different algae species usually have different pigments with different ratios,which results in different fluorescence emission spectra.Based on multiple excitation wavelength fluorescence emission spectra,a discrimination technique is established in this study.The discrimination method,established by multivariate linear regression and weighted least-squares,was used to differentiate the samples cultured in the laboratory and collected from Jiaozhou Bay near Qingdao at the division level.The correctly discriminated samples were ≥ 86% for single algae samples,≥ 88% for simulatively mixed ones,≥ 91% for physically mixed ones and 100% for samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay.The result in this research is more definite for the physically mixed samples in the laboratory.The method described here can be employed to monitor the phytoplankton population in the marine environment.展开更多
Red tides are a major public hazard in the global oceans.The coast of the East China Sea is the sea area where red tide disasters are the most frequent and serious in China.In order to accurately grasp the occurrence ...Red tides are a major public hazard in the global oceans.The coast of the East China Sea is the sea area where red tide disasters are the most frequent and serious in China.In order to accurately grasp the occurrence of red tides in the coastal waters of the East China Sea,and to understand the microbial communities in the waters during the occurrence of red tides in the East China Sea,a special survey of red tides in the coastal waters of Zhejiang,China was carried out in June 2018.The results showed that nutrient concentrations of N and P were generally high in this area,DIN concentrations in most areas exceeded the permitted limit of Chinese seawater quality grade I.There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen,pH,COD,chlorophyll and phytoplankton abundance of red tides.During the investigation,red tides were found in the waters near the Yushan Islands.The content of chlorophyll a was 42.12mg/m3,the cell abundance of phytoplankton was 8.16×108/L,and the abundance of Prorocentrum edulis accounted for 98.5%.The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used for 16s high-throughput sequencing of water microorganisms,and a total of 16 bacteria were identified.Proteobacteria is the first dominant phylum,followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides.Some differences in bacterial community compositions between HAB and the nearby seawater were observed.The predominant bacteria in the red tide occurrence area were Proteobacteria,comprising 46.1%of the relative abundance;while the predominant bacteria in the nearby sea area,comprising 42.0%of the relative abundance.展开更多
The coastal area of the East China Sea has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization in China since 1980 s, resulting in severe pollution of its environments.Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are regarded a...The coastal area of the East China Sea has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization in China since 1980 s, resulting in severe pollution of its environments.Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are regarded as a kind of emerging pollutant with potential high risk. The sediment samples were collected from Hangzhou Bay(HB),Xiangshan Bay(XB), and Taizhou Bay(TB) to investigate the spatial occurrence and distribution of 27 ARGs and class I integron–integrase gene(intI1) in the coastal area of the East China Sea. The PCR results showed the frequent presence of 11 ARGs and intI1 in the sediments of the three bays. The qPCR results further showed that sulfonamide resistance was the most prevalent ARG type and antibiotic target replacement and protection were the most important resistance mechanisms in the sediments. Regarding the subtype of ARGs, sulI, tetW, and dfrA13 were the most abundant ARGs, in which sulI was higher in TB(based on both the absolute and relative abundances) and dfrA13 was higher in HB(based on the relative abundances). The network analysis revealed that intI1 had significant correlations with tetC, sulI, sulII, and blaPSE-1. Oil was the key connected factor, which had positive connections with sulI, sulII, and blaPSE-1. In addition, the joint effect of heavy metals and nutrients & organic pollutants might be crucial for the fate of ARGs in the coastal sediments.展开更多
Microbial community structure is afiected by both natural processes and human activities.In coastal area,anthropegenetic activity can usually lead to the discharge of the effluent from wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)...Microbial community structure is afiected by both natural processes and human activities.In coastal area,anthropegenetic activity can usually lead to the discharge of the effluent from wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)to sea,and thus the water quality chronically turns worse and marine ecosystem becomes unhealthy.Microorganisms play key roles in pollutants degradation and ecological restoration;however,there are few studies about how the WWTP effluent disposal influences coastal microbial communities.In this study,sediment samples were collected from two WWTP effluentreceiving areas(abbreviated as JX and SY)in Hangzhou Bay.First,based on the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene,microbial community structure was analyzed.Secondly,several statistical analyses were conducted to reveal the microbial community characteristics in response to the effluent disposal.Using PCoA,the significant difference of in microbial community structure was determined between JX and SY;using RDA,water COD and temperature,and sediment available phosphate and ammonia nitrogen were identified as the key environmental factors for the community difference;using LDA effect size analysis,the most distinctive microbes were found and their correlations with environmental factors were investigated;and according to detrended beta-nearesttaxon-index,the sediment microbial communities were found to follow"niche theory".An interesting and important finding was that in SY that received more and toxic COD,many distinctive microbes were related to the groups that were capable of degrading toxic organic pollutants.This study provides a clear illustration of eco-environmental deterioration under the long-term human pressure from the view of microbial ecology.展开更多
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41206186)Scientifi c Research Program of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Environmental Protection(2012A033,2013A020)Key Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2014C23002)
文摘According to the latest situation of marine nature reserves in China, major problems in the construction of China's marine nature reserves and causes were analyzed. Considering related laws and regulations as well as requirements of China's ecological environment protection, this paper pointed out the necessity and urgency of implementing supervisory monitoring over marine nature reserves, and suggested that Ministry of Environmental Protection should take the lead, marine, forestry, land resources and other departments in charge should cooperate to fulfi ll this task, the supervisory monitoring should cover ecological environment, protected objects, routine work of the nature reserve management agency, and the authority of supervisory monitoring results should be highlighted.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40706036the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China ("863" Program) under contract No.2006AA09Z178
文摘The excitation spectra of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence can be used to differentiate phytoplankton populations at phylum level in vivo and in situ within a few minutes.The investigated phytoplankton divisions (Dinophyta,Bacillariophyta,Chrysophyta,Cyanophyta,Cryptophyta,Chlorophyta) are each characterized by a specific composition of photosynthetic antenna pigments and,consequently,by a specific excitation spectrum of the Chl fluorescence.Norm excitation spectra (emission of 680 nm and excitation of 400–600 nm) of every division were obtained from several species per division by a F4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer.Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis of the norm spectra shows that the divisions could be discriminated.The discrimination method,established by multivariate linear regression and weighted least squares,was used to differentiate the phytoplankton samples cultured in the laboratory and samples collected from the Jiaozhao Bay at division level.The correctly discriminated samples were more than 94% for single algal species ones,more than 84% for simulatively mixed ones,more than 83% for real mixed ones and 100% for samples collected from the Jiaozhou Bay for the dominant species.The method for phytoplankton differentiation described here can be applied to routine checking by fluorescence spectrophotometer,and benefit the monitoring and supervision tasks related to phytoplankton populations in the marine environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40706036)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2006AA09Z178)
文摘In vivo fluorescence methods are efficient tools for studying the distribution of phytoplankton in nature.Different algae species usually have different pigments with different ratios,which results in different fluorescence emission spectra.Based on multiple excitation wavelength fluorescence emission spectra,a discrimination technique is established in this study.The discrimination method,established by multivariate linear regression and weighted least-squares,was used to differentiate the samples cultured in the laboratory and collected from Jiaozhou Bay near Qingdao at the division level.The correctly discriminated samples were ≥ 86% for single algae samples,≥ 88% for simulatively mixed ones,≥ 91% for physically mixed ones and 100% for samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay.The result in this research is more definite for the physically mixed samples in the laboratory.The method described here can be employed to monitor the phytoplankton population in the marine environment.
基金National Key Research and Development Program“High-resolution Numerical Simulation and Prediction of Ecological Environment in the Yellow and East China Seas”(Project No.:2016YFC1401603)Scientific Research Project of Department of Ecology and Environment of Zhejiang Province(Project No.:2016A012).
文摘Red tides are a major public hazard in the global oceans.The coast of the East China Sea is the sea area where red tide disasters are the most frequent and serious in China.In order to accurately grasp the occurrence of red tides in the coastal waters of the East China Sea,and to understand the microbial communities in the waters during the occurrence of red tides in the East China Sea,a special survey of red tides in the coastal waters of Zhejiang,China was carried out in June 2018.The results showed that nutrient concentrations of N and P were generally high in this area,DIN concentrations in most areas exceeded the permitted limit of Chinese seawater quality grade I.There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen,pH,COD,chlorophyll and phytoplankton abundance of red tides.During the investigation,red tides were found in the waters near the Yushan Islands.The content of chlorophyll a was 42.12mg/m3,the cell abundance of phytoplankton was 8.16×108/L,and the abundance of Prorocentrum edulis accounted for 98.5%.The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used for 16s high-throughput sequencing of water microorganisms,and a total of 16 bacteria were identified.Proteobacteria is the first dominant phylum,followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides.Some differences in bacterial community compositions between HAB and the nearby seawater were observed.The predominant bacteria in the red tide occurrence area were Proteobacteria,comprising 46.1%of the relative abundance;while the predominant bacteria in the nearby sea area,comprising 42.0%of the relative abundance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51678003)
文摘The coastal area of the East China Sea has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization in China since 1980 s, resulting in severe pollution of its environments.Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are regarded as a kind of emerging pollutant with potential high risk. The sediment samples were collected from Hangzhou Bay(HB),Xiangshan Bay(XB), and Taizhou Bay(TB) to investigate the spatial occurrence and distribution of 27 ARGs and class I integron–integrase gene(intI1) in the coastal area of the East China Sea. The PCR results showed the frequent presence of 11 ARGs and intI1 in the sediments of the three bays. The qPCR results further showed that sulfonamide resistance was the most prevalent ARG type and antibiotic target replacement and protection were the most important resistance mechanisms in the sediments. Regarding the subtype of ARGs, sulI, tetW, and dfrA13 were the most abundant ARGs, in which sulI was higher in TB(based on both the absolute and relative abundances) and dfrA13 was higher in HB(based on the relative abundances). The network analysis revealed that intI1 had significant correlations with tetC, sulI, sulII, and blaPSE-1. Oil was the key connected factor, which had positive connections with sulI, sulII, and blaPSE-1. In addition, the joint effect of heavy metals and nutrients & organic pollutants might be crucial for the fate of ARGs in the coastal sediments.
基金This study was supported by projects(Nos.51678003 and 51678334)granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Microbial community structure is afiected by both natural processes and human activities.In coastal area,anthropegenetic activity can usually lead to the discharge of the effluent from wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)to sea,and thus the water quality chronically turns worse and marine ecosystem becomes unhealthy.Microorganisms play key roles in pollutants degradation and ecological restoration;however,there are few studies about how the WWTP effluent disposal influences coastal microbial communities.In this study,sediment samples were collected from two WWTP effluentreceiving areas(abbreviated as JX and SY)in Hangzhou Bay.First,based on the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene,microbial community structure was analyzed.Secondly,several statistical analyses were conducted to reveal the microbial community characteristics in response to the effluent disposal.Using PCoA,the significant difference of in microbial community structure was determined between JX and SY;using RDA,water COD and temperature,and sediment available phosphate and ammonia nitrogen were identified as the key environmental factors for the community difference;using LDA effect size analysis,the most distinctive microbes were found and their correlations with environmental factors were investigated;and according to detrended beta-nearesttaxon-index,the sediment microbial communities were found to follow"niche theory".An interesting and important finding was that in SY that received more and toxic COD,many distinctive microbes were related to the groups that were capable of degrading toxic organic pollutants.This study provides a clear illustration of eco-environmental deterioration under the long-term human pressure from the view of microbial ecology.