Synergistic Effect of the Planetary-scale Disturbance, Typhoon and Meso-β-scale Convective Vortex on the Extremely Intense Rainstorm on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou

On 20 July 2021,northern Henan Province in China experienced catastrophic flooding as a result of an extremely intense rainstorm,with a record-breaking hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm during 0800–0900 UTC and daily accumulated rainfall in Zhengzhou City exceeding 600 mm(“Zhengzhou 7.20 rainstorm”for short).The multi-scale dynamical and thermodynamical mechanisms for this rainstorm are investigated based on station-observed and ERA-5 reanalysis datasets.The backward trajectory tracking shows that the warm,moist air from the northwestern Pacific was mainly transported toward Henan Province by confluent southeasterlies on the northern side of a strong typhoon In-Fa(2021),with the convergent southerlies associated with a weaker typhoon Cempaka(2021)concurrently transporting moisture northward from South China Sea,supporting the rainstorm.In the upper troposphere,two equatorward-intruding potential vorticity(PV)streamers within the planetary-scale wave train were located over northern Henan Province,forming significant divergent flow aloft to induce stronger ascending motion locally.Moreover,the converged moist air was also blocked by the mountains in western Henan Province and forced to rise so that a deep meso-β-scale convective vortex(MβCV)was induced over the west of Zhengzhou City.The PV budget analyses demonstrate that the MβCV development was attributed to the positive feedback between the rainfall-related diabatic heating and high-PV under the strong upward PV advection during the Zhengzhou 7.20 rainstorm.Importantly,the MβCV was forced by upper-level larger-scale westerlies becoming eastward-sloping,which allowed the mixtures of abundant raindrops and hydrometeors to ascend slantwise and accumulate just over Zhengzhou City,resulting in the record-breaking hourly rainfall locally.

Geological suitability of natural sponge body for the construction of sponge city——a case study of Shuanghe Lake district in Zhengzhou airport zone

Natural and geological environmental conditions have an important impact on the planning and construction of sponge cities.This paper analyzes geological factors that influence the usage of natural sponge bodies,taking the Shuanghe lake district of Zhengzhou airport zone as an example.An evaluation system with seven factors has been established and the weights of these factors are determined using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method.Overlay analysis is then carried out on all factors using GIS to evaluate the geological suitability of the construction of the sponge city.The results show that geologically suitable area for city construction in Shuanghe lake district accounts for 12.3%,relatively suitable area accounts for 76.1%,and relatively unsuitable area accounts for 11.6%.For suitable and relatively suitable areas,we should make full use of the advantages of surface infiltration,vadose zone transportation and aquifer storage to build a sponge city infrastructure with geological engineering as the main component,supplemented by engineering measures such as surface water storage and drainage,and jointly establish a sustainable urban hydrological cycle.For less suitable areas,artificial rain and flood control works,such as roof garden,should be considered.The findings of this paper can serve as an important reference for sponge city planning and construction not only in the research area but also in other regions with similar geological conditions.

Evaluation of the Protection and Utilization of Great Sites:A Case Study of Zhengzhou City

The protection and utilization of great sites not only are related to the inheritance of historical and cultural heritage and academic research,but also directly affect local economic development and social and cultural dissemination.In this paper,five major great sites in Zhengzhou City(Dahe Village Site,Zhengzhou Shangcheng Site,Xiaoshuangqiao Site,the Capital of Zheng and Han States,and Mausoleum of Song Dynasty Tombs of Song Emperors)are taken as research objects,and a set of index system for evaluating the protection and utilization of great sites is constructed.A comprehensive evaluation is conducted from seven aspects:protection management,research value,site utilization,cultural value dissemination,socio-economic benefits,utilization effects,and regional development coordination.This paper provides a comprehensive and scientific evaluation perspective for the protection and utilization of great sites,which helps to better grasp the direction of site protection and utilization,and develop more practical and effective strategies for site protection and utilization.

Comprehensive suitability evaluation of urban geological environment in Zhengzhou-Kaifeng area

Suitability evaluation of urban geological environment is an important basic work in city planning and construction. With Zhengzhou-Kaifeng area as the research area, this paper discusses AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods to classify impact factors at different levels, makes a mixing evaluation of the basic factors and comprehensive factors so as to correct the uncertainty of the weight of the basic factors in the initial evaluation and establish the corresponding evaluation index system, and carries out urban geological environment suitability evaluation in study area. Furthermore, this paper partitions the suitability of the research area according to evaluation results into five zones. It puts forward opinions and suggestions for the construction of research area, which have certain practical significances.

Identifying the Geography and Determinants of O2O Online Retailers in Megacity in Central China:A Case Study of Zhengzhou City

In recent years,O2O e-commerce,represented by online group-buying,has developed vigorously,which had significant impacts on urban commercial space.Zhengzhou City is a rising national central city in China,and its e-commerce development level is ahead,but relevant researches are rare.Therefore,the data of online retailers of Meituan.com was collected and combined with Baidu map and Baidu heat map data.Then,we adopted the methods such as spatial statistics and geodetector to explore the geography and determinants of O2O online retailers in Zhengzhou urban area.The main conclusions are 1)The spatial development of O2O online retailers is characterized by significant global high-value agglomeration.2)The agglomeration areas of different types of O2O online retailers are different.Most of them are concentrated in the old urban area within the Third Ring Road of Zhengzhou City,forming five comprehensive agglomeration areas.3)The areas with the high e-commerce development level are mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest of the x-shaped region formed by the intersection of Lianyungang-Lanzhou and Beijing-Guangzhou railways.Erqi Square and Guomao 360 Plaza are at the highest development level,followed by Zhongyuan Wanda Plaza and Daxue Middle Road.The development level at other areas is relatively low.4)Zhengzhou’s O2O commercial pattern is highly dependent on physical business.The population distribution,especially the population distribution during the nightlife period,plays a vital role in its spatial development,followed by accessibility.The influences of physical distance are slightly larger than that of time cost,but the difference between them is little.In addition,travelling costs have the least impact.This paper could provide certain references for urban commercial planning.

Invasion Risk Assessment of Exotic Plant Praxelis clematidea in Zhengzhou

To reduce the harms of plant invasion,the risk assessment for biological invasion of exotic species（ including intentionally introduced species and accidentally introduced species） is particularly important. Through data review,investigation research and expert consultation,risk assessment system and standard for exotic species invasion in Zhengzhou region was established. Risk of Praxelis clematidea was assessed,in order to provide a reference for possible biological invasion of exotic plants in Zhengzhou.

Water Environment Carrying Capacity of New Zhengdong District in Zhengzhou City

Taking sections of the Dongfeng Canal, the Xionger River and the Wei River in New Zhengdong District for example, this paper applied water environment capacity to analyze the carrying capacity of surface water environment in the east development zone of the city. The analysis shows that carrying capacity of surface water environment in the study area is not good, carrying capacity of 3 studied waters for TP, BOD_5 and COD is approaching to the limit. New Zhengdong District, in terms of industrial structure, should promote the projects with less water consumption, less or no discharge of wastewater, and also should enhance the sewage treatment, improve recycling rate of the reclaimed water, and reduce the negative impact of sewage and pollutant discharge on environment.

Systemic analysis of pre-hospital trauma emergency treatment in Zhengzhou

Objective: To analyze the data of pre-hospital emergency treatment in zhengzhou from 2007 to 2016, and evaluate the current situation of pre-hospital trauma emergency treatment, in order to provide a scientific basis for effective use of first aid resources and enhance success rate of trauma emergency treatment. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted based on pre-hospital emergency resources of Zhengzhou Emergency Medical Rescue Center from 2007 to 2016. Results: The total number of pre-hospital emergency treatment cases was 9305687 from 2007 to 2016 in Zhengzhou, of which 418882 were trauma cases. The top five causes of injury were traffic accident injury, cutting injury, beating injury, crushing injury and falling injury. The top five emergency treatments used were oxygen, hemostasis, dressing and fixation, fluid supplementation, analgesics and sputum aspiration. According to different directions of diagnosis, the pre-hospital emergency patients were divided into four groups:emergency treatment group, emergency observation group, admission to general ward group and admission to ICU group. There was no statistical difference in the ages among the four groups (P>0.05). There were significantly statistical differences in gender composition among the four groups, with more males than females (P<0.01). Significant statistical differences also showed in CRAMS scores among the four groups (P<0.01). Before and after the training of primary trauma care, there was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of the trauma (P>0.05), but the mortality of the trauma, the average arrival time, and the mean treatment time were significantly different (P<0.01). Conclusions: The number of pre-hospital emergency trauma patients increased year by year, but the constituent ratio changed little. CRAMS score is important for the patients triage. Through the training of primary trauma care, the constituent ratio of death was reduced, and the average treatment time was shortened.

Planning and Design of Zhengzhou Forest Park Based on Natural Ecological Experience

Through summarizing and analyzing planning objectives, landscape division and natural ecological experience planning of Zhengzhou Forest Park, the authors discussed the application of human-nature harmony in the planning, stressed citizens' needs for experiencing natural ecological environment, and tried to build Zhengzhou Forest Park with picturesque scenery, complete facilities, and harmonious human-nature coexistence.

Trends of Urban Air Pollution in Zhengzhou City in 1996-2008

Urban air pollution is a commonly concerned environmental problem in the world.Identification of air quality trend using long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the effectiveness of pollution control strategies.This study,using data from six monitoring stations in Zhengzhou City,analyzed the changing trend in concentrations of SO 2,NO x /NO 2 and TSP/PM 10 in 1996-2008,based on non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator,and evaluated the comprehensive air pollution level using Multi-Pollutant Index(MPI).It was found that the concentration of each pollutant exceeded obviously the World Health Organization(WHO) guideline value,but the changing trend varied:SO 2 and NO 2 were significantly increased mainly due to an increase in coal consumption and vehicle number,while NO x,TSP and PM 10 decreased.The air pollution was serious,and differed markedly among the three functional regions:it is the most severe in the Industrial and Residential Area(IRA),followed by the Transportation Hub and Business District(THBD),and then the High-tech,Cultural and Educational Area(HCEA).Different from NO 2 concentration that had a similar change trend/rate among the function regions,the change rate of PM 10 concentration differed spatially,decreased much more obviously in THBD than other two regions.For the whole city,the comprehensive air pollution level declined gradually,illustrating that the air quality in Zhengzhou was improved in the last decade.

A Study on the Tectonic Characteristics of Shallow Faults in the East of Zhengzhou City

Study on fault activity is a fundamental part of earthquake prediction and earthquake relief in big cities.In the active fault exploration in Zhengzhou,the spatial distribution,geological features and activity of the Huayuankou fault,the Shangjie fault and the Xushui fault were determined using the seismic prospecting method.New understanding about the characteristics of the faults was gained.This provides reliable basic data for future earthquake forecast and earthquake relief work in Zhengzhou.In addition,we proposed some ways to identify fault activity through analyzing the characteristics of the activity of a fault and raised an effective method for exploring active faults in big cities and exploring concealed faults in regions covered with thick overburdens.

Comparison of Corneal Thickness of Young People with Middle and High Myopia between Shantou and Zhengzhou

Purpose:To compare the corneal thickness of young subjects (aged 18 to 30 years).with moderate and high myopia living in Shantou and Zhengzhou.Methods:One hundred and forty myopic subjects from Shantou (Guangdong,southern China) and 101 from Zhengzhou (Henan,central China)were selected and divided into 2 groups (moderate-myopic group and high-myopic group).The participants were sex-and age-matched.The central corneal thickness (CCT) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) were measured by Orbscan and compared between the two groups.Results:In the high-myopic group,CCT (515.47±40.39 μm) and TCT (510.22±40.95 μm) of the Shantou subjects (mean spherical equivalent.[SE]-7.56±1.35),were thinner than those of their Zhengzhou counterparts.(mean SE-7.47 ±0.88).In the moderate-myopic group.(Shantou mean SE-4.52 ±0.83;Zhengzhou-4.67 ± 0.77),CCT and TCT did not differ between the two cities.Conclusion:The corneal thickness of high-myopic eyes may differ between Shantou and Zhengzhou.

Characteristics of the Zhengzhou Laoyachen Fault Revealed by Seismic Exploration Data

Exploration and research of fault activities are the fundamentals of earthquake prediction and prevention and disaster reduction. In order to determine the location, characteristics and activities of the Zhengzhou-Laoyachen fault, shallow seismic prospecting with different exploration depth across the Laoyachen fault was carried out in the northern suburbs of Zhengzhou city in 2006. The images of the subterranean structure and tectonics at depths of 30m～6000m have been available by applying the combined methods of explosive seismic sources and vibrator seismic sources, as well as the combination of diverse observation systems with different parameters. The outcome indicates that the Laoyachen fault is a normal fault running NW and dipping NE, which offsets stratums ahead of Neogene (N). However, no fault displacements are found in the interior stratums of Q+N.

The impact of social capital on children's (6–12) use of ICT in urban communities: A field survey from Zhengzhou City, Henan Province

Purpose： This paper focuses on the impact of social capital on urban children＇s use behavior of information communication technology （ICT）.Design/methodology/approach： Using the field survey and in-depth interviews, we interviewed 40 children aged 6 to 12 and their parents from a staff residential quarter of the Zhengzhou University--＂Shengheyuan＂ community （SHY）, and a commercial residential quarter--＂Wanfenghuicheng＂ community （WFHC） in the high-tech zone of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. We used the social capital theory to analyze the interviewees＇ record.Findings： In urban communities, social capital is the most important factor for children （aged 6 to 12） in their ICT use. Our findings indicate that children in families with higher levels of social capital, such as internal resources, family income, parent educational backgrounds and parents＇ social network, have more-highly developed ICT skills. Personal motivation and obstacles, such as lack of access to computers on a regular basis, also have an impact on children＇s ICT use. External social capital, including schools, libraries, and public service institutes, have little impact on children＇s ICT use, if not combined with internal social capital factors.Research limitations： Our research samples were collected from two communities within the same city, which may influence the generalization of this research result.Originality/value： To explore the social capital＇s influence on children＇s ICT use, we used field observation for ICT use of children aged 6 to 12 in urban communities in China, and studied the children＇s ICT behavior from the perspective of internal and external social capital.

锰超氧化物歧化酶的催化原理与酶活性调节机制

锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)催化两分子超氧自由基歧化为分子氧和过氧化氢。超氧自由基被Mn~(3+)SOD氧化成分子氧的反应以扩散的方式进行。超氧自由基被Mn~(2+)SOD还原为过氧化氢的反应以快循环和慢循环两条途径平行进行。在慢循环途径中,Mn~(2+)SOD与超氧自由基形成产物抑制复合物,然后该复合物被质子化而缓慢释放出过氧化氢。在快循环途径中,超氧自由基直接被Mn~(2+)SOD转化为产物过氧化氢,快速循环有利于酶的复活与周转。本文提出温度是调节锰超氧化物歧化酶进入慢速或者快速循环催化途径的关键因素。随着在生理温度范围内的温度升高,慢速循环成为整个催化反应的主流,因而生理范围内的温度升高反而抑制该酶的活性。锰超氧化物歧化酶的双相酶促动力学特性可以用该酶保守活性中心的温度依赖性配位模型进行合理化解释。当温度降低时,1个水分子(或者OH~-)接近Mn、甚至与Mn形成配位键,从而干扰超氧自由基与Mn形成配位键而避免形成产物抑制。因此在低温下该酶促反应主要在快循环通路中进行。最后阐述了几种化学修饰模式对该酶的调节,说明锰超氧化物歧化酶受到多种形式的快速调节(变构调节与化学修饰)。这些快速调节直接改变酶的活化状态,进而调节细胞中超氧自由基和过氧化氢的平衡与流量,为揭示锰超氧化物歧化酶和超氧自由基的生理作用提供新理论。

水利新质生产力:内涵解读、理论框架与实施路径

在新一轮科技革命和产业变革的大背景下,新质生产力成为高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。为把加快发展新质生产力的部署要求落实到水利工作的全过程各方面,提出了水利新质生产力的概念及内涵,认为水利新质生产力是追求高科技、高效能、高质量、符合新发展理念的先进水利生产力质态;提出了由指导思想、基本原则、理论基础、主要研究内容和支撑体系五部分组成的水利新质生产力理论框架,阐述了水利新质生产力的主要研究内容;并从工程、技术、制度和管理支撑四方面,提出了水利新质生产力的实施路径。为加快形成和发展水利新质生产力提供理论基础和路径参考。

麝香黄芪复方滴丸含药血清促进骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化

背景:骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)已被广泛用于治疗神经系统疾病,但由于血脑屏障的限制以及干细胞在受损部位存活率、分化率低,导致治疗效果有限。目的:探讨麝香黄芪复方滴丸含药血清对BMSCs增殖、迁移和向星形胶质细胞分化的影响。方法:SD雄性大鼠连续灌胃麝香黄芪复方滴丸5 d后进行腹主动脉取血,分离血清备用。采用CCK-8法检测体积分数5%,10%,20%含药血清对BMSCs增殖的影响;划痕实验观察体积分数10%含药血清对BMSCs横向迁移的影响;Transwell小室培养BMSCs,用结晶紫染色和DAPI核染色观察体积分数10%含药血清对BMSCs纵向迁移的影响;用含体积分数10%含药血清的诱导液或与星形胶质细胞共培养观察BMSCs向星形胶质细胞分化情况。结果与结论:①体积分数10%和20%含药血清在第2,3天促进细胞增殖更明显,且两种体积分数无统计学差异;②在划痕30,48 h时,10%含药血清组BMSCs迁移量显著高于对照组;③10%含药血清组BMSCs穿过Transwell小室滤过膜的数量高于对照组;④体积分数10%含药血清可能促进BMSCs向星形胶质细胞方向分化,但分化作用较弱,星形胶质细胞能进一步促进含药血清诱导BMSCs向星形胶质细胞方向分化;⑤结果表明,体积分数10%含药血清能促进BMSCs体外增殖、迁移;与星形胶质细胞共培养可能促进BMSCs向星形胶质细胞方向分化。

脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块超声造影特征与梗死特征的相关性

目的探究脑梗死患者颈动脉超声造影的特征及与不同梗死部位、面积等梗死特征的相关性。方法回顾性分析郑州大学第二附属医院2018-02—2021-03诊治的135例脑梗死患者,所有患者均接受超声造影检查,另选取同期因颈动脉斑块行超声造影检查的无症状中老年人112例为对照组,比较2组患者超声造影参数,包括峰值强度比值(P)、曲线下面积(AUC)、达峰时间(Tp)。将脑梗死患者按梗死部位、梗死面积分成不同亚组,分析不同亚组颈动脉斑块超声造影相关参数。结果脑梗死患者P和AUC值均明显高于对照组,Tp值明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。随着颈动脉狭窄程度的加重,P和AUC值明显升高,Tp值明显降低(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,P、AUC值与颈动脉狭窄程度呈正相关,Tp值与狭窄程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。不同梗死部位间颈动脉狭窄程度比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),其中皮质梗死组患者颈动脉完全闭塞发生率最高;不同梗死面积患者颈动脉狭窄程度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中大面积梗死组完全闭塞发生率最高。结论脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块超声造影参数水平明显异于无症状有斑块者,且皮质部位脑梗死患者颈动脉完全闭塞发生率最高,大面积脑梗死患者更易发生颈动脉完全闭塞。