Biosynthesis of fungus-based oral selenium microcarriers for radioprotection and immuno-homeostasis shaping against radiation-induced heart disease

Radiation-induced heart disease(RIHD),characterized by severe oxidative stress and immune dysregulation,is a serious condition affecting cancer patients undergoing thoracic radiation.Unfortunately,clinical interventions for RIHD are lacking.Selenium(Se)is a trace element with excellent antioxidant and immune-modulatory properties.However,its application in heart radioprotection remains challenging.Herein,we developed a novel bioactive Cordyceps militaris-based Se oral delivery system(Se@CM),which demonstrated superior radioprotection effects in vitro against X-ray-induced damage in H9C2 cells through suppressing excessive ROS generation,compared to the radioprotectant Amifostine.Moreover,Se@CM exhibited exceptional cardioprotective effects in vivo against X-ray irradiation,reducing cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis by balancing the redox equilibrium and modulating the expression of Mn-SOD and MDA.Additionally,Se@CM maintained immuno-homeostasis,as evidenced by the upregulated population of T cells and M2 macrophages through modulation of selenoprotein expression after irradiation.Together,these results highlight the remarkable antioxidant and immunity modulation properties of Se@CM and shed light on its promising application for cardiac protection against IR-induced disease.This research provides valuable insights into developing effective strategies for preventing and managing RIHD.

Fabrication of subunit nanovaccines by physical interaction

Vaccines can improve the quality of human life by preventing the burden of infectious diseases.Also,vaccination is becoming a powerful medication for preventing and treating tumors.Various vaccines have been developed based on the origin of the antigens.Herein,we focus on the subunit vaccines whose antigens are proteins or peptides.The advantage of subunit vaccines is safety for recipients;however,the immunogenicity of subunit antigens is relatively low.Nanoparticular delivery systems have been applied to improve the immunocompetence of subunit vaccines by targeting lymph nodes,and effectively present antigens to immune cells.Moreover,adding appropriate molecular adjuvants may strengthen the antigens to elicit immune response.In this perspective article,we first elucidate the characteristics of immunity induced by subunit nanovaccines and then summarize the strategies to fabricate subunit nanovaccines with delivering materials.Herein we highlight non-covalent interaction to fabricate nanoparticular subunit vaccines.