一种轮式采花机器人设计——以黄蜀葵为例

针对黄蜀葵花朵特定采收的时间和人工采摘效率过低的问题,为实现各类花朵采摘机械化和智能化的需求,以黄蜀葵花朵为例并结合其生长特性,设计一种轮式采花机器人。采用工控机和嵌入式微控制器作为采花机器人的主控系统,执行机构采用电力驱动,以蓄电池供电,通过多个推杆电机、舵机和动态基座(基于航姿参考系统,可自动调节工作平台倾角的机构)构成轮式行走机构,采用两个摄像头分别同时获取黄蜀葵花朵图像,通过深度识别算法以筛选识别可采摘的目标,采用多个舵机配合带轮结构构成机械臂和夹爪的控制机构,以完成花朵的采摘与收集。试验结果表明,机器人对花朵定位的准确率可达75%,识别率高达100%。采花机器人通过主控制系统在试验田里能成功完成采摘作业,由机械臂配合其夹爪成功抓取花朵,上位机软件可以完成图像采集识别、机械臂控制和机器人工作路线的行驶等操作。该机器人适用于各地黄蜀葵和其他部分植物花朵的采集。

Rethinking neurodegenerative diseases:neurometabolic concept linking lipid oxidation to diseases in the central nervous system

Currently,there is a lack of effective medicines capable of halting or reve rsing the progression of neurodegenerative disorde rs,including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Parkinson s disease,multiple sclerosis,or Alzheimer s disease.Given the unmet medical need,it is necessary to reevaluate the existing para digms of how to to rget these diseases.When considering neurodegenerative diseases from a systemic neurometabolic perspective,it becomes possible to explain the shared pathological features.This innovative approach presented in this paper draws upon exte nsive research conducted by the authors and researchers worldwide.In this review,we highlight the importance of metabolic mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.We provide an overview of the risk factors associated with developing neurodegenerative disorders,including genetic,epigenetic,and environmental fa ctors.Additionally,we examine pathological mechanisms implicated in these diseases such as oxidative stress,accumulation of misfolded proteins,inflammation,demyelination,death of neurons,insulin resistance,dysbiosis,and neurotransmitter disturbances.Finally,we outline a proposal for the restoration of mitochondrial metabolism,a crucial aspect that may hold the key to facilitating curative therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders in forthcoming advancements.

Enhancing Critical Path Problem in Neutrosophic Environment Using Python

In the real world,one of the most common problems in project management is the unpredictability of resources and timelines.An efficient way to resolve uncertainty problems and overcome such obstacles is through an extended fuzzy approach,often known as neutrosophic logic.Our rigorous proposed model has led to the creation of an advanced technique for computing the triangular single-valued neutrosophic number.This innovative approach evaluates the inherent uncertainty in project durations of the planning phase,which enhances the potential significance of the decision-making process in the project.Our proposed method,for the first time in the neutrosophic set literature,not only solves existing problems but also introduces a new set of problems not yet explored in previous research.A comparative study using Python programming was conducted to examine the effectiveness of responsive and adaptive planning,as well as their differences from other existing models such as the classical critical path problem and the fuzzy critical path problem.The study highlights the use of neutrosophic logic in handling complex projects by illustrating an innovative dynamic programming framework that is robust and flexible,according to the derived results,and sets the stage for future discussions on its scalability and application across different industries.

Mechanisms to explain soil liquefaction triggering,development,and persistence during an earthquake

Mechanisms have been proposed to explain the triggering,development,and persistence of soil liquefaction.The mechanism explaining the horizontal failure plane(triggering)and its depth below the phreatic surface is governed by the flux properties and effective stress at that plane.At the failure plane,the pore water pressure was higher than the effective stress,and the volume change was the highest.The pore water pressure is a function of the soil profile features(particularly the phreatic zone width)and bedrock motion(horizontal acceleration).The volume change at the failure plane is a function of the intrinsic permeability of the soil and bedrock displacement.The failure plane was predicted to occur during the oscillation with the highest amplitude,disregarding further bedrock motion,which was consistent with low seismic energy densities.Two mechanisms were proposed to explain the persistence of soil liquefaction.The first is the existence of low-permeability layers in the depth range in which the failure planes are predicted to occur.The other allows for the persistence and development of soil liquefaction;it is consistent with homogeneous soils and requires water inflow from bedrock water springs.The latter explains many of the features of soil liquefaction observed during earthquakes,namely,surficial effects,“instant”liquefaction,and the occurrence of short-and long-term changes in the level of the phreatic surfaces.This model(hypothesis),the relationship between the flux characteristics and loss of soil shear strength,provides self-consistent constraints on the depth below the phreatic surfaces where the failure planes are observed(expected to occur).It requires further experimental and observational evidence.Similar reasoning can be used to explain other saturated soil phenomena.

城市绿色基础设施建设潜力与效益研究

在高度发达的城市环境中,城市绿色基础设施(UGI)的扩建受到诸多限制,亟待发掘可用于UGI建设的潜力空间,以应对日益突显的社会和环境挑战。本研究创新了UGI潜力空间的识别方法,系统性识别了UGI的潜力空间,并引入生态系统调节服务价值的概念,以评估UGI潜力空间建设所带来的效益;研究识别出了可改造裸地、待腾退小区、潜在屋顶绿化和可绿化桥墩四类UGI的潜力空间,此外,进一步估算了潜力空间建设后对深圳市生态系统调节服务价值的贡献。研究结果表明,深圳市2021年的UGI潜力空间共计6241.78 hm^(2),占深圳市总面积的3.12%;若将UGI潜力空间全部建成,将使深圳市生态系统调节服务价值增加19.97亿元,占当年总生态系统调节服务价值的3.97%。本研究识别出的UGI潜力空间将为决策者提供有针对性的实施UGI的方案,以补充并完善现有的绿色基础设施网络。

Recent Advancements in the Development of Self Healing Concrete-A Systematic Review

Mechanical as well as durability properties are pivotal for any type of concrete which gets adversely affected due to cracks that may form due to loading beyond its capacity.Concrete has the intrinsic property to heal itself to some extent but not fully as the passive form of autogenous healing plays an inferior role for a complete repair of a cementitious material.The self-healing capabilities can be enhanced by adding chemical admixtures,polymers,and bacteria strains induced calcium carbonate precipitation,etc.In this paper,the advancements in the development and performance of self-healing concrete using chemical admixtures,polymers,and bacteria strains are reviewed.This systematic review includes the available experimental tests and methodologies investigating self-healing efficiency over the last decade.Further,this review focussed on self-healing materials,the ideology,and opinions of those in the construction field on the direction of self-healing concrete for future applications.It is yet not possible to predict the most appropriate technique,however,a generalized opinion about the effectiveness of the different approaches has been illustrated.

IoT Task Offloading in Edge Computing Using Non-Cooperative Game Theory for Healthcare Systems

In this paper,we present a comprehensive system model for Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)networks empowered by Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)and Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)technologies.The network comprises essential components such as base stations,edge servers,and numerous IIoT devices characterized by limited energy and computing capacities.The central challenge addressed is the optimization of resource allocation and task distribution while adhering to stringent queueing delay constraints and minimizing overall energy consumption.The system operates in discrete time slots and employs a quasi-static approach,with a specific focus on the complexities of task partitioning and the management of constrained resources within the IIoT context.This study makes valuable contributions to the field by enhancing the understanding of resourceefficient management and task allocation,particularly relevant in real-time industrial applications.Experimental results indicate that our proposed algorithmsignificantly outperforms existing approaches,reducing queue backlog by 45.32% and 17.25% compared to SMRA and ACRA while achieving a 27.31% and 74.12% improvement in Qn O.Moreover,the algorithmeffectively balances complexity and network performance,as demonstratedwhen reducing the number of devices in each group(Ng)from 200 to 50,resulting in a 97.21% reduction in complexity with only a 7.35% increase in energy consumption.This research offers a practical solution for optimizing IIoT networks in real-time industrial settings.

A new approach to pedestal differentiation for soil loss estimation-a case study from a burnt area in north-central Portugal

Soil pedestals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash erosion.In rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth century.In agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-capped pedestals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'erosion.Little work has been reported on using capstone pedestal data for quantifying soil loss.We postulate that three distinct capstone pedestal types may be present in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a pedestal height histogram may be used to recognize their populations.This analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using pedestal height data will provide more accurate results.The three proposed capstone pedestal types are:(1)neo-pedestals formed underneath surface stones exposed by(partial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-pedestals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exposed by erosion;and(3)phoenix-pedestals formed underneath stones from collapsed pedestals.In the pedestal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedestals,which may be revealed as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin size.This concept was applied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control plots and mulched plots during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt plantation.We measured pedestal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil pedestal data in the available literature.Soil pedestal data at the end of the 5-year period under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,depending on the method.It is postulated that phoenix-and endo-pedestals may be a driving factor behind the observed discrepancies.We discuss how future research may provide more insight into dominant processes,and how frequency distributions may be used to select the best methods for estimating soil loss from pedestals.

Correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic parameters in persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND There are limited studies investigating the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in the region of Bihar,India.AIM To estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in persons with newly diagnosed T2DM in the population of North Bihar,India.METHODS This single centre cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Research Centre for Diabetes Hypertension and Obesity,Samastipur,Bihar,India.Data were collected from persons newly diagnosed with T2DM or those diagnosed within 6 months of when the study was conducted between December 2022 to May 2023.RESULTS A total of 148 people with newly diagnosed T2DM were included(median age 47 years,46.6%female)and 109 patients with liver disease on ultrasound evaluation.The persons with liver disease consumed more fats and oils(88.1%vs 74.4%,P=0.042)and they had significantly greater body mass index(27.4 vs 23.0,P<0.001),waist circumference(37 vs 33,P<0.001),and waist-to-hip ratio(1.00 vs 0.70,P=0.025).Females were associated with greater liver disease[odds ratio(OR):3.09,95%confidence interval(CI):1.09-8.80,P=0.32].Waist circumference(OR:1.42,95%CI:1.22-1.66,P<0.001)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(OR:1.01,95%CI:1.01-1.02,P=0.048)were associated with any liver disease.The factors most associated with grade 2/3 liver disease was right upper quadrant pain or heaviness(OR:5.22,95%CI:1.40-19.41,P=0.14),greater income(OR:3.58,95%CI:1.28-10.04,P=0.015)and waist circumference(OR:1.31,95%CI:1.02-1.69,P=0.036).CONCLUSION NAFLD is common in new/recently diagnosed T2DM and disease burden is high and common among patients who are either high consumers of fats and oils or have obesity-associated markers.

Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics to explore the mechanisms of Shenzao dripping pill against chronic myocardial ischemia

Background:Shenzao dripping pill(SZDP)is empirically prescribed for treating cardiac diseases.Nevertheless,there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms contributing to its therapeutic effects.The objective of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanism of SZDP against chronic myocardial ischemia(CMI)in a rat model.Methods:In this study,we utilized electrocardiographic and echocardiographic detection along with pathological tissue analysis to evaluate the efficacy of SZDP.The integration of network pharmacology and metabolomics was conducted to investigate the mechanisms.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to validate the binding energy between the compounds of SZDP and the associated targets.Results:The results showed that SZDP was able to improve T wave voltage,reverse CMI abnormalities in ejection fraction and fractional shortening,and restore histopathological heart damage.Metabolomics results indicated that disturbances of metabolic profile in CMI rats were partly corrected after SZDP administration,mainly affecting purine metabolism.13-Docosenamide may be the potential metabolic biomarker of the therapeutic application of SZDP for CMI.Integrating network pharmacology and metabolomics,thiopurine S-methyltransferase(TPMT),xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase(XDH),bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC(ATIC),and cytochrome p4501A1(CYP1A1)were identified as possible targets of SZDP to exert therapeutic effects by enhancing the metabolic levels of L-Tryptophan,Deoxyribose 1-phosphate and Phosphoribosyl formamidocarboxamide.Conclusion:SZDP has a therapeutic effect on CMI by regulating metabolite levels,acting on the targets of TMPT,XDH,ATIC,and CYP1A1,and reducing cardiomyocyte injury and myocardial fibrosis.

采花装备的研究进展与趋势探索

中国花卉种植规模大、经济价值高,但人工收获花卉劳动强度大、成本高,机械化和自动化是我国花卉产业发展的必然趋势。基于此,课题组对采花装备的关键技术进行了总结,主要包括花朵定位、花朵采摘、花朵收集、设备行走和控制等关键技术;分析了国内外采花装备的发展历史和现状,采花装备可分为通用型收获装备和专用型采花装备两大类;并对采花装备未来发展方向进行展望,指出通用化、智能化是未来我国采花装备发展的关键方向,以期为相关从业人员提供参考。

地图符号与情绪效价对AR地图用户空间记忆的影响研究

针对地图符号抽象程度与情绪效价对手机AR地图用户空间记忆的影响,提出设计实践建议。采用“心理切割测试问卷”调查了35名被试,再以“中国情绪图片库”与“中国情绪音乐库材料”组合诱发情绪,采集30名被试的“心理状态剖面图(POMS)”“简明情绪内省量表(BMIS)”和“自我为中心的方位判断任务”数据,根据量表得分、实验结果进行分析。结果为地图符号抽象程度对空间记忆有显著影响,其中图标的学习时间最短;情绪效价对空间记忆没有显著影响;地图符号抽象程度与情绪效价对学习时间、任务错误率的影响存在交互效应。该结论将为同类系统的开发和评估提供参考。

牛初乳营养组成和功能特性研究进展

牛初乳是指奶牛自然分娩后最初几天内所分泌的乳汁,富含乳铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶、乳过氧化物酶、抗菌肽和生长因子等多种活性成分。牛初乳特殊的营养组成赋予其调节免疫、改善胃肠道健康、促进骨骼健康以及加速伤口愈合等多种生物学活性,因此,牛初乳作为一种功能乳品或功能性乳基料受到广泛关注。本文对牛初乳的营养成分、生物学功能和加工稳定性等方面进行详细阐述,以期为牛初乳的开发应用和规范化生产提供参考。

预训练语言模型的应用综述

近年来,预训练语言模型发展迅速,将自然语言处理推到了一个全新的发展阶段。文中的综述旨在帮助研究人员了解强大的预训练语言模型在何处以及如何应用于自然语言处理。具体来讲,首先简要回顾了典型的预训练模型,包括单语言预训练模型、多语言预训练模型以及中文预训练模型;然后讨论了这些预训练模型对5个不同的自然语言处理任务的贡献,即信息提取、情感分析、问答系统、文本摘要和机器翻译;最后讨论了预训练模型的应用所面临的一些挑战。

A Unique Discrete Wavelet&Deterministic Walk-Based Glaucoma Classification Approach Using Image-Specific Enhanced Retinal Images

Glaucoma is a group of ocular atrophy diseases that cause progressive vision loss by affecting the optic nerve.Because of its asymptomatic nature,glaucoma has become the leading cause of human blindness worldwide.In this paper,a novel computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)approach for glaucomatous retinal image classification has been introduced.It extracts graph-based texture features from structurally improved fundus images using discrete wavelet-transformation(DWT)and deterministic tree-walk(DTW)procedures.Retinal images are considered from both public repositories and eye hospitals.Images are enhanced with image-specific luminance and gradient transitions for both contrast and texture improvement.The enhanced images are mapped into undirected graphs using DTW trajectories formed by the image’s wavelet coefficients.Graph-based features are extracted fromthese graphs to capture image texture patterns.Machine learning(ML)classifiers use these features to label retinal images.This approach has attained an accuracy range of 93.5%to 100%,82.1%to 99.3%,95.4%to 100%,83.3%to 96.6%,77.7%to 88.8%,and 91.4%to 100%on the ACRIMA,ORIGA,RIM-ONE,Drishti,HRF,and HOSPITAL datasets,respectively.The major strength of this approach is texture pattern identification using various topological graphs.It has achieved optimal performance with SVM and RF classifiers using biorthogonal DWT combinations on both public and patients’fundus datasets.The classification performance of the DWT-DTW approach is on par with the contemporary state-of-the-art methods,which can be helpful for ophthalmologists in glaucoma screening.

Dynamic Time and Location Information in Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption with Multi-Authorization

Due to the mobility of users in an organization,inclusion of dynamic attributes such as time and location becomes the major challenge in Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption(CP-ABE).By considering this challenge;we focus to present dynamic time and location information in CP-ABE with mul-ti-authorization.Atfirst,along with the set of attributes of the users,their corre-sponding location is also embedded.Geohash is used to encode the latitude and longitude of the user’s position.Then,decrypt time period and access time period of users are defined using the new time tree(NTT)structure.The NTT sets the encrypted duration of the encrypted data and the valid access time of the private key on the data user’s private key.Besides,single authorization of attribute authority(AA)is extended as multi authorization for enhancing the effectiveness of key generation.Simulation results depict that the proposed CP-ABE achieves better encryption time,decryption time,security level and memory usage.Namely,encryption time and decryption time of the proposed CP-ABE are reduced to 19%and 16%than that of existing CP-ABE scheme.

Harnessing male germline epigenomics for the genetic improvement in cattle

Sperm is essential for successful artificial insemination in dairy cattle,and its quality can be influenced by both epi-genetic modification and epigenetic inheritance.The bovine germline differentiation is characterized by epigenetic reprogramming,while intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance can influence the offspring’s development through the transmission of epigenetic features to the offspring via the germline.Therefore,the selec-tion of bulls with superior sperm quality for the production and fertility traits requires a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanism and more accurate identifications of epigenetic biomarkers.We have comprehensively reviewed the current progress in the studies of bovine sperm epigenome in terms of both resources and biological discovery in order to provide perspectives on how to harness this valuable information for genetic improvement in the cattle breeding industry.

Multilayer Neural Network Based Speech Emotion Recognition for Smart Assistance

Day by day,biometric-based systems play a vital role in our daily lives.This paper proposed an intelligent assistant intended to identify emotions via voice message.A biometric system has been developed to detect human emotions based on voice recognition and control a few electronic peripherals for alert actions.This proposed smart assistant aims to provide a support to the people through buzzer and light emitting diodes(LED)alert signals and it also keep track of the places like households,hospitals and remote areas,etc.The proposed approach is able to detect seven emotions:worry,surprise,neutral,sadness,happiness,hate and love.The key elements for the implementation of speech emotion recognition are voice processing,and once the emotion is recognized,the machine interface automatically detects the actions by buzzer and LED.The proposed system is trained and tested on various benchmark datasets,i.e.,Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song(RAVDESS)database,Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Corpus(TIMIT)database,Emotional Speech database(Emo-DB)database and evaluated based on various parameters,i.e.,accuracy,error rate,and time.While comparing with existing technologies,the proposed algorithm gave a better error rate and less time.Error rate and time is decreased by 19.79%,5.13 s.for the RAVDEES dataset,15.77%,0.01 s for the Emo-DB dataset and 14.88%,3.62 for the TIMIT database.The proposed model shows better accuracy of 81.02%for the RAVDEES dataset,84.23%for the TIMIT dataset and 85.12%for the Emo-DB dataset compared to Gaussian Mixture Modeling(GMM)and Support Vector Machine(SVM)Model.

CORESTA 2023年农学与植病学组会议

2023年10月14-19日,国际烟草科学研究合作中心(CORESTA)农学与植病学组(AP)联席会议在墨西哥坎昆召开。来自全球20个国家和地区的150余名代表参加了会议,中国烟草总公司代表团11人参会。本次会议围绕遗传育种、生物防治、作物保护剂管理、雪茄烟生产、低烟碱烟草等主题进行交流,并召开了“烟叶可持续生产”“社会环境治理”和“雪茄烟叶生产”专题研讨会。

Secured Access Policy in Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption for Cloud Environment

The cloud allows clients to store and share data.Depending on the user’s needs,it is imperative to design an effective access control plan to share the information only with approved users.The user loses control of their data when the data is outsourced to the cloud.Therefore,access control mechanisms will become a significant challenging problem.The Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption(CP-ABE)is an essential solution in which the user can control data access.CP-ABE encrypts the data under a limited access policy after the user sets some access policies.The user can decrypt the data if they satisfy the limited access policy.Although CP-ABE is an effective access control program,the privacy of the policy might be compromised by the attackers.Namely,the attackers can gather important information from plain text policy.To address this issue,the SHA-512 algorithm is presented to create a hash code for the user’s attributes in this paper.Depending on the created hash codes,an access policy will be formed.It leads to protecting the access policy against attacks.The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is assessed based on decryption time,private key generation time,ciphertext generation time,and data verification time.