Evaluation of the effect of shodhana(detoxification)process using chromatographic profiling(HPTLC,HPLC,LC-MS,and GC-MS)and estimation of the content of toxic colchicine in Gloriosa superba Linn.tubers

Shodhana(purification/detoxification)is an important aspect of Ayurveda.It has been described in several important pieces of literature.In this study,we performed shodhana process on Langali(Gloriosa superba Linn.)tubers of family Liliaceae,a semi-woody herbaceous climber with significant therapeutic properties.We compared the unprocessed(before purification)and processed(after purification)samples based on the phytochemical,physicochemical,and chromatographic study,including HPTLC,HPLC,GC-MS and LC-MS.Significant changes were observed in profiling after the shodhana process.This plant contains colchicine,known for its toxic effects,particularly cardiotoxicity.Therefore,we quantified colchicine in the unprocessed and processed samples of Gloriosa superba Linn.tubers using HPLC method.Results showed that the percentage of colchicine was reduced by 13.67%in chloroform extract and 20.97%in ethanol extracts after the shodhana process.

Linear stability of triple-diffusive convection in micropolar ferromagnetic fluid saturating porous medium

The triple-diffusive convection in a micropolar ferromagnetic fluid layer heated and soluted from below is considered in the presence of a transverse uniform magnetic field. An exact solution is obtained for a flat fluid layer contained between two free boundaries. A linear stability analysis and a normal mode analysis method are carried out to study the onset convection. For stationary convection, various parameters such as the medium permeability, the solute gradients, the non-buoyancy magnetization, and the micropolar parameters （i.e., the coupling parameter, the spin diffusion parameter, and the micropolar heat conduction parameter） are analyzed. The critical magnetic thermal Rayleigh number for the onset of instability is determined numerically for a sufficiently large value of the buoyancy magnetization parameter M1. The principle of exchange of stabilities is found to be true for the micropolar fluid heated from below in the absence of the micropolar viscous effect, the microinertia, and the solute gradients. The micropolar viscous effect, the microinertia, and the solute gradient introduce oscillatory modes, which are non-existent in their absence. Sufficient conditions for the non-existence of overstability are also obtained.

基于知识图谱的电力行业与外部数据融合研究

针对电力行业与外部多源异构数据融合利用的难题,提出了一种基于知识图谱的内外部数据融合应用思路。通过对现有文本信息提取以及知识图谱构建主流技术路线的分析,提出优化的文本信息提取方案及知识图谱构建方案,实现对多源异构数据融合建模工作的支撑。技术研究成果在某省电力公司开展了工程项目过程管理领域风险识别试点应用,验证了所提技术方案的可行性。

The effect of family history of diabetes on sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in adult males with diabetes

Study Objectives: This study evaluated how a family history of diabetes moderates the effects of diabetes on anxiety, depression, as well as sleep quality. Design: Outpatients with diabetes responded to questionnaires on family history of diabetes, sleep quality, anxiety and depression. Participants: Participants were recruited from the Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center in North Chicago, Illinois. All participants were adult males (n = 33) with ages ranging from 50 to 88 and were diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There were 8 subjects without a family history of diabetes and 25 subjects with family history of diabetes. Results: In comparison to those with a family history of diabetes, patients without a family history of diabetes were found to experience a poorer quality of sleep, evaluated on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] (t = 3.62, p = 0.001). Anxiety, depression, family history and the Interaction of family history with depression were found to be significant predictors of sleep quality (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients without a family history of diabetes exhibit more anxiety and depression and have more sleep problems than those patients who have a family history of diabetes. Presumably a family history of diabetes better informs and prepares these patients for the many unique problems associated with diabetes thereby decreasing disease related anxiety and depression.

Dapsone: A Century-Old Medicine and a New Hope for Severe COVID-19

Background: The 2020 pandemic of COVID-19 infection, which has already lasted more than 22 months, is not subsiding. Despite the available vaccinations, the infection is still claiming many lives throughout the world, especially among the unvaccinated people. The newly discovered and fast spreading Omicron variant also raises the concern if vaccination alone will be sufficient to win this battle. Purpose: In this concept paper, we examine the possible use dapsone, a century-old and safe medication, to treat patients with severe cases of pulmonary COVID-19 infection. Methods: We aim to delineate the similarities between IgA-mediated neutrophil-directed blistering skin diseases and the severe pulmonary COVID-19 infection by reviewing the relevant medical literatures, in order to compare the pathological mechanisms of these two different clinical situations. Results: Analysis of published reports reveals strong evidence pointing to the involvement of IgA and neutrophils in both clinical situations. In addition, results of a small clinical trial showed efficacy of dapsone in patients suffered with severe COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Since dapsone is effective in treating IgA-mediated skin diseases by blocking the binding of neutrophils to the tissue site, it could also be an effective treatment for severe cases of COVID-19 lung injury, which has a similar pathological mechanism.

Anti-atherosclerotic activity of root bark of Premna integrifolia Linn.in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis model rats

Premna integrifolia Linn. is a medicinal plant used in ＂Dhasamula＂ drug preparation of Ayurvedic systems of medicine in the treatment of various ailments like bronchitis, dyspepsia, liver disorders, piles, constipation,hyperlipidemia and fever. The anti-atherosclerotic activity of hydroalcoholic extract（HAE） of root bark of P.integrifolia was evaluated in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into six groups： the first group served as control, the second group was fed with high fat diet and the other three groups were fed with high fat diet along with various concentrations of HAE and the last group was treated with atorvastatin for 30 days. Lipid and lipoprotein profile, atherogenic index, and cardiac markers and histopathological evaluation of aorta were determined in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats. HAE of P.integrifolia produced a significant and dose-dependent anti-atherosclerotic activity in terms of reduction in lipids and lipoprotein profile, atherogenic index, HMG-Co A reductase activity, marker enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）, creatine phosphokinase（CPK）, aspartate transaminase（AST）, alanine transaminase（ALT） and alkaline phosphatase（ALP）, alteration in collagen and calcium contents, mild mineralization and focal rupture of intima and media of aorta was noticed in treated groups as compared to the control. The results suggested that anti-atherosclerotic activity of HAE of P. integrifolia Linn. was due to its modulatory activity on metabolic pathway of lipid. The results contribute to the validation of the traditional use of Agnimantha in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats.

COVID-19 Infection: The Virus and Its Origin, the Variants, the Immune Defense, the Multiorgan Autoimmune Reactions, and the Targeted Treatments

Background: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the current COVID-19 infection pandemic, has caused substantial damage and negative impacts in the world, including physical sickness, mental illness, death, society lock down, work interruption, and productivity reduction. From the onset in early 2020, the pandemic has not yet totally subsided as of July 2022. Although great efforts have been made to understand the nature of this pandemic by the medical and scientific communities, a comprehensive review of this pandemic has not been reported. Purpose: We aimed to perform a thorough review of the subject in order to come to a better understanding of the origin of the virus, its mutations and their corresponding health effects, its pathophysiology, and its responses to therapeutic intervention. A more comprehensive set of data on these subject matters, if available, would give healthcare providers a valuable tool in formulating the best methods to respond to the current disease and prevent the disease from spreading in the future. Method: An extensive literature search on the subjects of COVID-19 was conducted regarding the possible origin of the viral pathogen, its evolutionary changes and health impacts, the world’s responses to COVID-19 and outcomes of their responses, and healthcare professional’s actions to understand and manage the disease and the results of their actions. To gather these data, websites of PubMed and Google Scholar were utilized for the search with the following keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, origin, pathogenesis, and treatment. Results: Our review revealed data that points to an interesting autoimmune phenomenon where most seriously sick patients affected by COVID-19 were documented by an IgA-dominant immune response to the pathogen, along with a neutrophil-directed infiltration to the vital organ in the lung aveola, resulting in critical lung injury, leading to respiratory failure, multi-organ failure, and death. Surprisingly, this IgA-mediated and neutrophil-directed disease pattern is nearly identical to a group of IgA-mediated autoimmune skin diseases, such as dermatitis herpetiformis, IgA bullous dermatosis, and IgA pemphigus, which respond well to treatment by dapsone, a sulfone class of antibiotic/anti-inflammatory drug. Moreover, the usefulness of dapsone was supported by a small clinical study. In addition, systemic corticosteroid, a trusted anti-inflammatory medication, has been used in this pandemic with variable degrees of success. Conclusion: The data collected from our review of the subject, together with our prior search knowledge, compel us to conclude that the underlying pathophysiology that causes serious respiratory distress and multi-organ failure is most likely to be autoimmune in nature and that strategies to counter these multifacet autoimmune disorders would be the most valuable in life-saving. Specifically, we identified clinical and laboratory evidence pointing to IgA autoimmune reaction as a key factor that causes significant mortality in many patients. Accordingly, we proposed the utilization of a combination of dapsone, corticosteroid, and anti-thrombotic drugs in severely ill patients at the earliest point of the disease process. The autoimmune multi-organ syndrome may explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19 as well as Post-COVID conditions and may guide healthcare professionals in a better direction to manage the disease. The possible origin of the viral pathogen may shed light on a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.

Hepatic Impact of Mandragora officinarum Leaf Extract on Wistar Albino Rats

This study evaluates the hepatic effects of Mandragora officinarum leaf extract on wistar albino rats. A total of twenty-four (24) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups labeled A, B, C and D and kept in a well-ventilated room. Group A served as control and these rats were fed distilled water. Rats in groups B, C, and D were given three (3) different doses of the leaf extract (1.5, 3.5 and 5.0 mL/KgBW) respectively. They were administered once daily for 14 and 28 days consecutively. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last treatment. Blood samples were collected into heparinized sample bottles for analysis. Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and histology results were normal when the leaf extract was given for 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased within the same time interval. Alkaline phosphatase increased in a dose-dependent manner for 28 days. All other liver enzymes were within normal limits. Histopathological changes were seen in all doses when Mandragora officinarum leaf extract was used for 28 days. These changes also worsened with increasing doses. This suggests that the use of mandragora officinarum leaf extract for long periods at a time can cause hepatic damage.

Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of 1,1-bis(2-Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane

This study reports the synthesis of 1,1-bis(2-Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane, characterisation and bioactivities on selected microorganism. The first step involves the coupling of furfural with urea to obtain 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea, which was subsequently refluxed with more urea in ethanol for 1 hour to afford the product. Both intermediate and product were characterized by GC-MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR. The synthesized compound1,1-bis(2-carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane was bioactive on Escherichia coli, Salmomellatyphi and Bacillus subtilis to different extent and is inactive on Staphylococcus aureus. The presences of bioactive moieties and pharmacological activities have proved the potency of furfural derivatives in the development of novel drug in future.

Synthesis and Bioactivity of 1-((2-Carbamoylguanidino) (furan-2-ylmethyl)urea

1-((2-Carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea was synthesised by coupling purified furfural with urea. The compound was characterized by GC-MS, FTIR, and 1H-NMR. The pathogens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were isolated and screened with different concentrations of 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea. All the pathogens were susceptible to the synthesized compound except Bacillus subtilis. Due to this broad spectrum of activity, 1-((2-Carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl))urea) can be use for various medicinal purposes and is therefore encouraged for the development of a novel drug in future.

Compulsory Liability Insurance for Marine Drilling Platforms Pollution under Chinese Law

Compulsory liability insurance has widely existed in the field of marine insurance. However, marine drilling platforms have always been excluded from this system in China. In view of the special legal nature of oil pollution compulsory liability insurance for marine drilling platforms, this paper analyzes a number of issues related to oil pollution compulsory liability insurance, elaborates on the necessity for China to implement the system and makes some suggestions about the implementation of that.

Rethinking the Concept of Seafaring Labor

In the maritime industry, seafaring labor is the most important part of the process of shipping production, just as much as the factory worker on land. However, due to seafaring is, in its most part, not possible to compare with occupations on land, the seafaring labor also very much differs from that of shore based workers. On the one hand, the seafarer＇s profession is still one of the most complex and dangerous work with unmatched rates of intrinsic hazards. On the other hand, the ship is not only the special instrument of seafaring labor, but also the residence where the seafarer is working, living, sleeping and socializing. All these characteristics determine that the policies and practices in respect of the seafarer differ from that in shore based industry. From the perspective of mode of production and labor process, a number of characteristics of seafaring labor are discussed in this article.

Identification and quantitative estimation of Emodin in Rhei Emodi Wall.Rhizome and the relevant polyherbal ayurvedic formulation

The present study explored quality control of plant drug and polyherbal formulation using HPTLC and HPLC fingerprinting.The study combined qualitative analysis of Emodin and Rhein biomarker compound in Rhei Emodi Wall.rhizome extract and polyherbal formulation extract by HPTLC method with quantitative estimation of Emodin by HPLC method,aiming to help in accurate identification of Emodin and Rhein in plant materials,polyherbal formulations.This study also checked adulteration,with the purpose of improving bio-efficacy of ayurvedic formulation.All the samples showed characteristic peaks of Emodin at same retention time as that of standard Emodin.According to the HPTLC fingerprinting results,the Rf values of Rhein reference standard at 0.42 and Emodin at 0.62 were observed in test solution of Rhei emodi Wall.rhizome extract and polyherbal formulation extract and both were found comparable.The quantitative evaluation of Emodin present in the polyherbal formulation and Rhei emodi Wall.rhizome extracts were 0.0177% and 0.3106% respectively.

A Review of Tidal and Wave Energy in Southern Waters of Iran

This paper discussed the historical review and current status of tidal current energy,problems,and challenges in this energy commercialization.Fossil fuels are nonreplicable and also have negative greenhouse effects on the environment,so the world needs new and sustainable energy resources such as the ocean,wind,solar,biofuels,etc.This review paper focused on the initiative tidal current energy technology and efforts in the development of such energy to extract power from.Iran’s southern waters have been selected in this review.Some former projects and studies,current status,and impact of the tidal current and wave energy on the environment and aquatic life are discussed.Also,the limitations,challenges,and problems in the way of using this energy and infrastructure to transfer the generated power such as grid connections are proposed.It is decided that Chabahar,Bushehr,and Khowr-Moussa are the best locations for harnessing tides and wave energy.This study is among the first review of works done in the aspect of the tidal current energy in Iran and the results will help the investors,policymakers,companies,and researchers to have access to a comprehensive list of up-to-date studies and statistics to better understand the current situation to secure the projects in this field.

Perspectives on offshore wind farms development in Great Lakes

Global warming emissions and carbon dioxide caused by human activities are overloading our atmosphere which cause web of significant and harmful impacts.There are little to no global warming emissions by renewable energy.To date,offshore wind farms generally have been installed in shallow ocean-coastal areas.The Great Lakes with freshwater have shown high potential for installing offshore wind farms,and significant advantages.There are more than 5 offshore windfarms in progress at the end of 2019 in Great Lakes.The object of this study is to present the capacity and prospects of offshore wind farms development in Great Lakes.Also,the power of wind farms,barriers,issues,wind vision,advantages and disadvantages,the criteria related to the location of the offshore wind farms in Great Lakes have been analyzed and presents statistics for decision-makers,interested communities,investors and academic researchers.This paper is among the rare works that have been done in aspect of statistical and data gathering for the wind offshore in Great Lakes as the moratorium in the Canadian side and the difficulties in obtaining permissions in the American side put the offshore wind sector on pause for a long time,and recently(since 2016)it started to get some momentum.The research has been conducted based on the analysis of acts,regulations,the subject’s literature and information from websites.

新冠疫情下HIV感染者异地借药情况分析与对策

目的调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间滞留异地的艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者在异地定点医疗机构取抗HIV药物情况。方法采用电话咨询对2020年1月29日至2月11日期间在北京地坛医院治疗,但在疫情期间滞留异地开具异地借药工作函的136名HIV感染者的取药情况进行调查。结果136名调查对象均为男性,平均年龄(32.81±7.56)岁;其中110人于异地取得药物,26人因需要办理治疗关系转入、交通管制、异地不借药等原因未从异地取药;95.5%的受访者认为异地定点机构隐私保护尚可,95.5%的受访者均无额外花费。结论在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下的HIV感染者异地取药政策实施较好,各地对HIV感染者的隐私保护服务尚可,可以在政府引导、多部门合作前提下进行异地取药治疗的常态化探索。

颈动脉斑块长轴超声力学参数与组织病理学的相关性研究

目的应用速度向量成像(velocity vector imaging,VVI)技术评价颈动脉硬化斑块力学参数,探讨力学参数与斑块内组织成分的相关性。方法选取2019年4-12月北京天坛医院拟行颈动脉内膜剥脱术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)的患者53例,术前行VVI检查,将斑块于长轴方向自近心端向远心端均分为5部分,分别命名为R1、R2、R3、R4、R5,测量各节段斑块的力学参数(纵向应变、应变率),术后获得49例斑块,将大体标本与术前图像对应均分为5段,进行HE染色和CD68免疫组化分析。根据既往研究中不稳定斑块的病理诊断标准,将斑块分为不稳定组和稳定组,应用Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件计数斑块内巨噬细胞数量、脂质核心比例及CD68阳性反应区平均光密度。结果49例斑块中,33例为不稳定组,16例为稳定组。两组斑块的纵向应变及应变率(均数±标准差)为R1>R2>R5>R4>R3,巨噬细胞数量、平均光密度、脂质核心比例为R2>R3>R1>R4>R5,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),以上指标进行组间比较显示不稳定组大于稳定组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。斑块R1~R5段纵向应变与相应节段斑块内巨噬细胞数量、平均光密度、脂质核心含量之间呈正相关(r=0.300、0.255、0.394,P<0.05),应变率与相应节段斑块巨噬细胞数量、脂质核心含量之间呈正相关(r=0.199、0.214,P<0.05)。斑块上游R1~R2段相关系数r值较前增大(应变:r=0.480、0.418、0.582;应变率:r=0.292、0.319,P<0.05)。结论斑块各节段纵向应变及应变率与斑块内巨噬细胞、脂质核心含量之间呈正相关,斑块上游相关性更为显著,进而间接反映斑块长轴力学参数在判断斑块稳定性中具有一定价值。

让我们帮你越过寒冬——星夜相声会馆义演活动纪实

冬天对于你而言意味着什么?美味的火锅、温暖的羽绒服、还是酣畅淋漓的滑雪?对于流浪在这个城市中的小动物们而言,冬天则意味着瑟瑟寒风、皑皑白雪、吃不饱穿不暖的最难熬的日子,还有看上它们华丽皮毛的猫狗贩子。为了能帮助流浪猫狗顺利度过寒冷的冬天,由星夜相声会馆联手SCC超级跑车俱乐部和瑞家志愿者团队联合发起了一场主题为"让我们帮你越过寒冬"的救助流浪动物义演活动。活动选在12月中旬的一个周末举行,由义展。

《宠物世界·猫迷》6岁生日 8.28猫节嘉年华——猫城游园会

2010年8月28日,《宠物世界·猫迷》杂志主办的猫节嘉年华——猫城游园会在北京朝阳公园酷迪宠物乐园盛大开幕!酷迪宠物乐园在我们打造下变成了名副其实的"猫城",猫迷们畅游城中,和众多爱猫一起享受节日的欢乐。活动现场"猫山人海",热闹非凡,还有不少猫迷专程从其他城市和地区赶来,甚至有猫迷刚刚进入猫城就询问:下次猫节什么时候开始啊?我们已经开始期待了!如果你没能亲临现场,分享畅游猫城的欢乐,就从猫城全城报道中寻找吧!