织构对先进锆合金蠕变性能各向异性的影响

研究了两种组织形貌相似的先进锆合金M5TM和N36锆合金核燃料包壳管材的单轴拉伸和内压蠕变性能。利用X射线衍射仪分析了它们的织构。试验发现两种先进锆合金包壳材料的蠕变性能表现出明显的各向异性。根据试验条件下的蠕变机理,结合弹性粘塑性自洽模型定性地分析了织构对锆合金管材蠕变各向异性的影响,解释了先进锆合金各向异性随应力指数变化的共性规律。揭示了织构与先进锆合金管材蠕变各向异性的定性关系。由于成分和织构因素的共同作用,在研究的试验条件下,N36合金的初始蠕变应变、稳态蠕变速率低于M5合金。织构是合金蠕变行为产生各向异性的主要原因,对于再结晶状态的先进锆合金包壳管,具有(0002)织构特征时,应力指数越高(即施加的应力水平越高),其蠕变的各向异性值越大。

Zr-Sn-Nb中氢化锆的电子背散射衍射研究

用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)方法研究了再结晶Zr-Sn-Nb合金中氢化锆的析出行为.结果表明,晶内或晶间析出的氢化物的最常见的晶体学惯习面是相同的,即{0001}α//{111}δ,而{10 17}α//{111}δ这种取向关系只在晶间析出的径向氢化物中可以找到.当加载拉伸应力后,晶内氢化物倾向于在具有切向基极织构的晶粒内择优析出,而晶间氢化物倾向于在与拉伸轴垂直的晶面上择优析出.

光系统Ⅱ反应中心CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b-559复合物中色素分子空间取向的线二色光谱研究(英文)

线二色光谱(LD)是研究色素分子在光合膜上空间取向和排布的重要手段。采用低温(1 0 0K)吸收光谱和线二色光谱技术研究光系统Ⅱ核心复合物CP47/D1/D2/Cytb_5 5 9中色素分子的空间取向。结果表明,在光系统Ⅱ核心复合物CP47/D1/D2/Cytb_5 5 9中 6 80nm处有吸收的叶绿素分子Qy 跃迁与光合膜平面平行。β_胡萝卜素分子有两种不同的空间取向,其中在 470和 5 0 5nm处有吸收的 β_胡萝卜素分子(Ⅰ)与光合膜平面近似平行,而在 46 0和 490nm处有吸收的 β_胡萝卜素分子(Ⅱ)与光合膜垂直。光破坏实验显示垂直取向的 β_胡萝卜素分子对强光敏感。6 80nm处吸收的叶绿素分子成分复杂,可能包含有P6 80和核心天线CP47蛋白上的色素分子。

CMOS有源集成像素传感器检测高能物理粒子

研究适用于下一代国际线性电子对撞机中顶点探测器的CMOS有源集成像素传感器.实验芯片现采用标准0.35μmCMOS工艺设计,像素矩阵为128行×32列,像素大小为25μm×25μm,在像素内部实现相关双次采样技术.通过采用放射源55Fe测定,芯片等效输入随机噪声为12个电子,而固定噪声为3个电子.传感器的电荷-电压转换系数达59μV/e-.在170MHz工作主频下,芯片信号处理速度达12μs/帧.芯片模拟部分功耗小于30mW.

基于CMOS集成有源传感器的新型高能物理粒子轨迹追踪器

本文研究了一个采用标准0.35μm CMOS工艺制造的新型高能物理粒子轨迹追踪器.这个新型的追踪器运用CMOS有源像素传感器技术(CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors,MAPS)将信号的探测与处理电路集成在一起,在像素的内部实现了相关双次采样操作(Correlated Doubled Sampling,CDS).实验芯片包含一个128行×32列的像素矩阵,其中,像素的大小为25×25μm2.通过采用放射源55Fe的测定,得到像素的等效输入随机噪声(Temporal Noise)仅为12个电子而固定噪声(Fixed Pattern Noise,FPN)仅为4个电子.传感器的电荷-电压转换系数(Charge-to-Voltageconversion Factor,CVF)为60μV/e-.测试中,芯片的信号读取速度达到了12μs/帧.

织构对锆合金内压蠕变性能的影响

研究了两种组织形貌相似的锆合金M5TM和N36锆合金核燃料包壳管材的内压蠕变性能,利用X射线衍射仪分析了它们的织构,根据试验数据分析了试验应力水平对蠕变机理的影响,提出用合金在试验条件下的屈服应力作为规一化值建立蠕变速率-规一化应力关系曲线,该法更能够体现合金织构对内压蠕变行为的影响,尤其是蠕变幂函数规律失效的临界转变应力水平。

N18锆合金的氢致α/β相演化研究

用Setaram Multi HTC高灵敏热分析仪在准平衡和动态两种情况下对一组经过电解渗氢/均匀化退火处理的N18锆合金的相变进行了研究。结果表明,随着氢含量的增加,N18的α/β相转变温度逐渐降低,并且β相转变越多,氢含量的影响越小;用JMAK模型可以很好地模拟氢对N18合金相演化过程的影响。

EXISTENCE AND STABILITY OF VISCOUS SHOCK PROFILES FOR 2-D ISENTROPIC MHD WITH INFINITE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY

For the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations of isentropic magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） with γ-law gas equation of state, γ≥ 1, and infinite electrical resistivity, we carry out a global analysis categorizing all possible viscous shock profiles. Precisely, we show that the phase portrait of the traveling-wave ODE generically consists of either two rest points connected by a viscous Lax profile, or else four rest points, two saddles and two nodes. In the latter configuration, which rest points are connected by profiles depends on the ratio of viscosities, and can involve Lax, overcompressive, or undercompressive shock profiles. Considered as three-dimensional solutions, undercompressive shocks axe Lax-type （Alfven） waves. For the monatomic and diatomic cases γ= 5/3 and γ=7/5, with standard viscosity ratio for a nonmagnetic gas, we find numerically that the the nodes are connected by a family of overcompressive profiles bounded by Lax profiles connecting saddles to nodes, with no undercompressive shocks occurring. We carry out a systematic numerical Evans function analysis indicating that all of these two-dimensional shock pro- files are linearly and nonlinearly stable, both with respect to two- and three-dimensional perturbations. For the same gas constants, but different viscosity ratios, we investigate also cases for which undercompressive shocks appear; these are seen numerically to be stable as well, both with respect to two-dimensional and （in the neutral sense of convergence to nearby Riemann solutions） three-dimensional perturbations.

Role of 3'-untranslated region translational control in cancer development, diagnostics and treatment

The messenger RNA 3'-untranslated region(3'UTR)plays an important role in regulation of gene expres-sion on the posttranscriptional level. The 3'UTR con-trols gene expression via orchestrated interactionbetween the structural components of mRNAs(cis-ele-ment) and the specific trans-acting factors(RNA bind-ing proteins and non-coding RNAs). The crosstalk ofthese factors is based on the binding sequences and/or direct protein-protein interaction, or just functionalinteraction. Much new evidence that has accumulatedsupports the idea that several RNA binding factors canbind to common mRNA targets: to the non-overlappingbinding sites or to common sites in a competitive fash-ion. Various factors capable of binding to the sameRNA can cooperate or be antagonistic in their actions.The outcome of the collective function of all factorsbound to the same mRNA 3'UTR depends on manycircumstances, such as their expression levels, affinity to the binding sites, and localization in the cell, which can be controlled by various physiological conditions. Moreover, the functional and/or physical interactions of the factors binding to 3'UTR can change the character of their actions. These interactions vary during the cell cycle and in response to changing physiological condi-tions. Abnormal functioning of the factors can lead to disease. In this review we will discuss how alterations of these factors or their interaction can affect cancer development and promote or enhance the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Understanding these altera-tions and their impact on 3'UTR-directed posttran-scriptional gene regulation will uncover promising new targets for therapeutic intervention and diagnostics. We will also discuss emerging new tools in cancer di-agnostics and therapy based on 3'UTR binding factors and approaches to improve them.

Onboard GRB trigger algorithms of SVOM-GRM

The Gamma-Ray Monitor （GRM） is a high energy detector onboard the future Chinese-French satellite named the Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Object Monitor which is dedicated to studies of gamma-ray bursts （GRBs）. This paper presents an investigation of the algorithms that look for GRBs by searching for a significant increase in the photon count rate for the computer onboard GRM. The trigger threshold and trigger efficiency, which are based on a given sample of GRBs, are calculated with the algorithms. The trigger characteristics of onboard instruments GRM and ECLAIRs are also analyzed. In addition, the impact of solar flares on GRM is estimated, and a method to distinguish solar flares from GRBs is investigated.

The mini-GWAC optical follow-up of gravitational wave alerts – results from the O2 campaign and prospects for the upcoming O3 run

The second(O2)observational campaign of gravitational waves(GWs)organized by the LIGO/Virgo Collaborations has led to several breakthroughs such as the detection of GW signals from merger systems involving black holes or neutrons stars.During O2,14 GW alerts were sent to the astronomical community with sky regions mostly covering over hundreds of square degrees.Among them,six were finally confirmed as real astrophysical events.Since 2013,a new set of ground-based robotic telescopes called Ground-based Wide Angle Camera system(GWAC)project and its pathfinder mini-GWAC has been developed to contribute to the various challenges of multi-messenger and time domain astronomy.The GWAC system is built up in the framework of the ground-segment system of the SVOM mission that will be devoted to the study of the multi-wavelength transient sky in the next decade.During O2,only the mini-GWAC telescope network was fully operational.Due to the wide field of view and fast automatic follow-up capabilities of the mini-GWAC telescopes,they were adept to efficiently cover the sky localization areas of GW event candidates.In this paper,we present the mini-GWAC pipeline we have set up to respond to GW alerts and we report our optical follow-up observations of eight GW alerts detected during the O2 run.Our observations provided the largest coverage of the GW localization areas with a short latency made by any optical facility.We found tens of optical transient candidates in our images,but none of those could be securely associated with any confirmed black hole-black hole merger event.Based on this first experience and the near future technical improvements of our network system,we will be more competitive in detecting the optical counterparts from some GW events that will be identified during the upcoming O3 run,especially those emerging from binary neutron star mergers.

Impact of In^(3+) cations on structure and electromagnetic state of M-type hexaferrites

The solid solutions of In^(3+) doped M-type strontium hexaferrites were produced using a conventional solid-state reaction method,and Rietveld analysis of the neutron diffraction patterns was conducted.In^(3+) cations occupy octahedral (4f_(Ⅵ)and 12 k) and tetrahedral (4f_(Ⅳ)) positions (SG=P6_(3)/mmc(No.194)).The average particle size is 837–650 nm.Curie tempearature (T_(C)) of the compounds monotonically decreased down to~520 K with increasing x.A frustrated magnetic state was detected from ZFC and FC magnetizations.saturation magnetization (M_(s)) and effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy coefficient (k_(eff)) were determined using the law of approach to saturation.A real permittivity (ε″) maximum of~3.3 at~45.5 GHz and an imaginary permittivity (ε′) of~1.6 at~42.3 GHz were observed for x=0.1.A real permeability (μ′) maximum of~1.5 at~36.2 GHz was observed for x=0.Aμ″imaginary permeability maximum of~0.8 at~38.3 GHz was observed for x=0.1.The interpretation of the results is based on the type of dielectric polarization and the natural ferromagnetic resonance features.

Elaboration of Materials with Functionality Gradients by Assembly of Chitosan-Collagen Microspheres Produced by Microfluidics

Biopolymers extracted from renewable resources like chitosan and collagen exhibit interesting properties for the elaboration of materials designed for tissue engineering applications,among which are their hydrophilicity,biocompatibility and biodegradability.In many cases,functional recovery of an injured tissue or organ requires oriented cell outgrowth,which is particularly critical for nerve regeneration.Therefore,there is a growing interest for the elaboration of materials exhibiting functionalization gradients able to guide cells.Here,we explore an original way of elaborating such gradients by assembling particles from a library of functionalized microspheres.We propose a simple process to prepare chitosan-collagen hybrid microspheres by micro-and milli-fluidics,with adaptable dimensions and narrow size distributions.The adhesion and survival rate of PC12 cells on hybrid microspheres were compared to those on pure chitosan ones.Finally,functionalized microspheres were assembled into membranes exhibiting a functionalization gradient.

通过针尖诱导光子辐射探测在扫描隧道显微镜联结处的亚纳秒动力学(英文)

We analyze the statistical properties of the photons emitted at the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope at the solid/liquid interface by time-autocorrelated two-photon counting measurements, with time resolutions down to the nanosecond scale. In the case of a gold-gold junction immersed in an inhomogeneous liquid, we show that the tip-induced luminescence exhibits a clear bunching phenomenon depending on the tip-sample distance.

2-19 Introduction to the SEASTAR Data Analysis

The first SEASTAR (Shell Evolution and Search for Two-plus energies At RIBF) campaign was carried out inMay 2014. We are analyzing the data for 58??63V and 63??66Mn.The experiment was performed at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory in RIKEN. A high-intensity 238U beamwas accelerated to bombard beryllium target to produce secondary beams. The B??ΔE??B method was applied toselect and purify secondary beams. An ionization chamber located at the focal point F7 (F11) measured the energyloss ΔE, yielding the fragments' element number Z in BigRIPS (ZDS)[1].

Trigger ＆ Data Acquisition System for the ANTARES Neutrion Telescope

The ANTARES collaboration is building a deep underwater neutrino telescope to be immersed in the Mediterranean Sea 40km off the French coast.This detector will be able to detect the Cherenkov light emitted by muons produced in neutrino interactions using a three-dimensional matrix of optical sensors,The telescope will be made of nearly 1000 of these elementary units distributed over a wide area of about 0.1 km2 at an average depth of 2400m In order to reach a sub-nanosecond resolution on ligh pulse detection ,signals from all OMs are analyzed and digitized locally before being sent to shore through a 50km electro-optical cable,Front-end electronics,time alignment (clock distribution),Triggering and data acquistition for such a large and remote detector represent a real hallenge and required considerable R&D studies,The technical solutions adopted by the collaboration will be described and their performances discussed.

Rapid laser synthesis of surfactantless tantalum-based nanomaterials as bifunctional catalysts for direct peroxide–peroxide fuel cells

Efficient and durable electrocatalysts are instrumental in enabling next-generation fuel cell technologies.At present,expensive precious metals are used as state-of-the-art catalysts.In this report,cost-effective nanosized tantalum-based alternatives are synthesized for the first time via a green and scalable laser pyrolysis method as bifunctional catalysts for direct peroxide–peroxide fuel cells.This rapid laser pyrolysis strategy allows for the production of nanoparticles at a laboratory scale of grams per hour,compatible with a detailed exploration of the functional properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles.By varying the precursor ratio between ammonia and tantalum ethanolate,five tantalum-based nanomaterials(TaNOC)are prepared with crystalline phases of Ta_(2)O_(5),Ta_(4)N_(5),Ta_(3)N_(5),and TaN in tunable ratios.Electrochemical studies in neutral and alkaline conditions demonstrate that Ta_(4)N_(5) is the active component for both H_(2)O_(2) oxidation and reduction.Kinetic isotope effect studies show that protons are involved at or before the rate-determining step.Long-term stability studies indicate that Ta_(3)N_(5) grants surfactant-free TaNOC-enhanced longevity during electrocatalytic operations.Taken together,bifunctional TaNOC can act as active and robust electrocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) reduction and oxidation.Laser pyrolysis is envisioned to produce refractory metal nanomaterials with boosted corrosion resistance for energy catalysis.