Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONIt is very well known from the observations that some atmospheric motions are accompanied by jets in the boundary layer, for example, breezes and circulations in the mountain valleys (Gutman, 1969); no...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONIt is very well known from the observations that some atmospheric motions are accompanied by jets in the boundary layer, for example, breezes and circulations in the mountain valleys (Gutman, 1969); nocturnal increasing of wind (Byzova et al., 1989); cross-equatorial flow during the summer Indian monsoon (Das, 1986) and others. One of the important questions concerning a mathematical modelling of such motions is the problem of the turbulent closure of the equations set which describes the jet dynamics. It is still popular to use for the momentum turbulent flow (u＇w＇) a closure, based within the framework of K-theory on the Boussinesq hypothesis展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION If there are s factors of which each factor has q levels in an experiment, where q>1, then the orthogonal array is often used. The number of experiments is 0(q^2) which is too large when q is compa...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION If there are s factors of which each factor has q levels in an experiment, where q>1, then the orthogonal array is often used. The number of experiments is 0(q^2) which is too large when q is comparatively large, for example, q≥9. The number of experiments may be decreased by BIB (balanced incomplete blocks) method for the case s=2 only (cf. [1]). Hence, it is necessary to find a method of which the展开更多
Lanthanide shift reagents have been recognized as one of the five major developments of NMR in the seventies. There are many applications of them, for example, in simplification of spectrum pattern to the first order,...Lanthanide shift reagents have been recognized as one of the five major developments of NMR in the seventies. There are many applications of them, for example, in simplification of spectrum pattern to the first order, assignment of absorption peak, structure determination, etc. However, the basis of the application of展开更多
The force-free magnetic field is often used to describe the features in the region of local strong magnetic fields, and the dynamical processes produced by the evolutions of strong magnetic field have extensive applic...The force-free magnetic field is often used to describe the features in the region of local strong magnetic fields, and the dynamical processes produced by the evolutions of strong magnetic field have extensive applications in the astrophysics. For example, the twisting, shearing and pressing of the magnetic field are closely associated with the solaractivities. The equations of force-free field are:展开更多
When the problems of each subject sphere are studied by using the Mssbauer effect, it is desirable to obtain the most precise and accurate estimates of peak position, and often of peak widths and areas. In the process...When the problems of each subject sphere are studied by using the Mssbauer effect, it is desirable to obtain the most precise and accurate estimates of peak position, and often of peak widths and areas. In the process of analysing Mssbauer spectra, the common ways are fitting and stripping the spectra by the computer programs. But for the complex Mssbauer spectra, for example, the analysis of the展开更多
At present, the most reliable method for determining the structures of macro-biomolecules should be the X-ray diffraction one, but it cannot make the structures clear in every detail. For example, reported from abroad...At present, the most reliable method for determining the structures of macro-biomolecules should be the X-ray diffraction one, but it cannot make the structures clear in every detail. For example, reported from abroad there all exist two possible conformations for the 4th residue glutamine and the 22nd residue arginine of the insulin B chain. According to the results of the Insulin Group in Beijing, for B22, this possibility is really true, while for B4, the electron densities possibly representing the second confor-展开更多
In peptide synthesis or other reactions, it is frequently necessary to mask the side chain of polyfunctional amino acids with a suitable protecting group. The method is usually accomplished by first allowing the α-am...In peptide synthesis or other reactions, it is frequently necessary to mask the side chain of polyfunctional amino acids with a suitable protecting group. The method is usually accomplished by first allowing the α-amino and α-carboxyl groups of amino acids to react with cupric ions to form a stable chelate complex (Ⅰ). It is then possible to protect the side chain selectively, for example,展开更多
Consider a system of nonlinear wave equations (e)2t-c2i△xui=Fi(u,(e)u,(e)x(e)u) in (0,∞)×(R)3 for i=1,┈,m,where Fi(i=1,┈,m) are smooth functions of degree 2 near the origin of their arguments, and u=(u1,┈,um...Consider a system of nonlinear wave equations (e)2t-c2i△xui=Fi(u,(e)u,(e)x(e)u) in (0,∞)×(R)3 for i=1,┈,m,where Fi(i=1,┈,m) are smooth functions of degree 2 near the origin of their arguments, and u=(u1,┈,um),while (e)u and (e)x(e)u represent the first and (second derivatives of u, respectively. In this paper, the author presents a new class of nonlinearity for which the global existence of small solutions is ensured. For example, global existence of small solutions for((e)2t- c21Δx)u1 = u2((e)tu2) + arbitrary cubic terms,((e)2t - c22Δx)u2=u1((e)tu2) + ((e)tu1)u2 + arbitrary cubic termswill be established, provided that c21 ≠ c22.展开更多
The complexes of n-vC5H5N·BX3 are one sort of charge-transfer complexes that were discovered early. They are of wide use; for example, they can be used as crosslinking catalysts, and they are also one sort of the...The complexes of n-vC5H5N·BX3 are one sort of charge-transfer complexes that were discovered early. They are of wide use; for example, they can be used as crosslinking catalysts, and they are also one sort of the model representatives of strongn-v complexes, so it is meaningful in practice and in theory for us to study展开更多
Polynomial factorization is indispensable in many fields and we are looking forward to having an efficient algorithm. The methods of Kronecker-Hermann and Van der Waerden-Tr?ger are too complicated to be put into prac...Polynomial factorization is indispensable in many fields and we are looking forward to having an efficient algorithm. The methods of Kronecker-Hermann and Van der Waerden-Tr?ger are too complicated to be put into practice in concrete cases. In recent years, there are many works about polynomial factorization, for example, [4 and 5], but the methods are not very efficient yet. In this paper,展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION As the superhard solids are materials widely used not only in industries (for example, in wire drawing, rock cutting operations and in heat sink), but also in scientific researches (for example, in hi...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION As the superhard solids are materials widely used not only in industries (for example, in wire drawing, rock cutting operations and in heat sink), but also in scientific researches (for example, in high pressure generation and high pressure optics), their sintering and growing are very important problems. It is well known that diamond is a typical covalent bond superhard solid. Its sintering and growing mechanisms are very complicated and difficult to study because of the complexity of展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Molybdenum is one of the metal elements which is often found in biogenic enzyme, and it is probable that it forms active centers in the form of atomic clusters in some organisms. For example, the acti...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Molybdenum is one of the metal elements which is often found in biogenic enzyme, and it is probable that it forms active centers in the form of atomic clusters in some organisms. For example, the active center of nitrogenase consists of some展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION It is well known that a lot of modes of periodical wave can propagate in magnetized plasma. In recent yearsit has been found that some of the modes can propagate as solitary waves, for example, ion-so...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION It is well known that a lot of modes of periodical wave can propagate in magnetized plasma. In recent yearsit has been found that some of the modes can propagate as solitary waves, for example, ion-sonic solitary wave, magneto-sonic solitary wave, and Alfven solitary wave. The above-mentioned authors limited themselves to some展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION The nondestructive inspection using Compton scattering has many advantages, such as direct displays fast throughput, and easy computer control. Being a supplement to currently available nondestructive...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION The nondestructive inspection using Compton scattering has many advantages, such as direct displays fast throughput, and easy computer control. Being a supplement to currently available nondestructive inspection methods, it has a specific application in industry. This inspection technique has attracted special attention at home and abroad, therefore, the experimental technology is in rapid progress in recent years. For example, the展开更多
It is well known that every closed orientable 3-dimensional manifold is a 3-fold branched covering space of S3, and the branch set in S3 is a knot. Generally, this is best possible. For example, S1×F?(F? is an or...It is well known that every closed orientable 3-dimensional manifold is a 3-fold branched covering space of S3, and the branch set in S3 is a knot. Generally, this is best possible. For example, S1×F?(F? is an orientable surface of genus g) is not a double branched covering of S3, but the proof of this result depends on the nontrivial-展开更多
Stratum corneum epidermidis, callosity, nail, and hair are chief parts that compose human keratinized tissues. Biologically, they are all made up of keratin. Disulfide bonds between peptide links in keratin macromolec...Stratum corneum epidermidis, callosity, nail, and hair are chief parts that compose human keratinized tissues. Biologically, they are all made up of keratin. Disulfide bonds between peptide links in keratin macromolecules make it firm and stable. Different sorts of keratin have been known, for example, hair and nail belong to hard ker-展开更多
In research on rock mechanics, deformation measurement at every point on the surface of a rock specimen, that is, observation of a deformation field, is frequently required. For example, in the research on rock mechan...In research on rock mechanics, deformation measurement at every point on the surface of a rock specimen, that is, observation of a deformation field, is frequently required. For example, in the research on rock mechanics associated with earthquake prediction, an important problem is to know the temporal and spacial variation during the process of earthquake fault formation. The laser holographic interferometry is展开更多
In the theoretical explanation of some burst phenomena in the solar atmosphere and the Earth’s magnetosphere (for example, the solar flares and magnetospheric substorms), many authors have indicated that even small m...In the theoretical explanation of some burst phenomena in the solar atmosphere and the Earth’s magnetosphere (for example, the solar flares and magnetospheric substorms), many authors have indicated that even small magnetic fields in large space scales can be the main energy source that drives dramatic events in the space plasma. The reconnection process of magnetic field lines is the important mechanism of the free magnetic field展开更多
The spin echo (SE) phenomenon discovered in the pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (PNMR) exerts significant influence on the field of magnetic resonance. It was first reported by E. L. Hahn in 1950. The discovery of SE...The spin echo (SE) phenomenon discovered in the pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (PNMR) exerts significant influence on the field of magnetic resonance. It was first reported by E. L. Hahn in 1950. The discovery of SE provided a new method for a better understanding of NMR phenomenon. For example, it solved the difficul-展开更多
NN resonances have been discovered by recent measurements, for example, A（1, 1D2, 2.16）, B（1, 3F3, 2.26） and C（0,1G3, 2.38）, etc. Evidently, the existence of NN resonances would have a profound impact on our und...NN resonances have been discovered by recent measurements, for example, A（1, 1D2, 2.16）, B（1, 3F3, 2.26） and C（0,1G3, 2.38）, etc. Evidently, the existence of NN resonances would have a profound impact on our understanding of the fundamental nature and behavior of strongly interacting particles. At present, we presume that there are two theoretical mechanisms in NN reso-展开更多
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONIt is very well known from the observations that some atmospheric motions are accompanied by jets in the boundary layer, for example, breezes and circulations in the mountain valleys (Gutman, 1969); nocturnal increasing of wind (Byzova et al., 1989); cross-equatorial flow during the summer Indian monsoon (Das, 1986) and others. One of the important questions concerning a mathematical modelling of such motions is the problem of the turbulent closure of the equations set which describes the jet dynamics. It is still popular to use for the momentum turbulent flow (u＇w＇) a closure, based within the framework of K-theory on the Boussinesq hypothesis
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION If there are s factors of which each factor has q levels in an experiment, where q>1, then the orthogonal array is often used. The number of experiments is 0(q^2) which is too large when q is comparatively large, for example, q≥9. The number of experiments may be decreased by BIB (balanced incomplete blocks) method for the case s=2 only (cf. [1]). Hence, it is necessary to find a method of which the
文摘Lanthanide shift reagents have been recognized as one of the five major developments of NMR in the seventies. There are many applications of them, for example, in simplification of spectrum pattern to the first order, assignment of absorption peak, structure determination, etc. However, the basis of the application of
文摘The force-free magnetic field is often used to describe the features in the region of local strong magnetic fields, and the dynamical processes produced by the evolutions of strong magnetic field have extensive applications in the astrophysics. For example, the twisting, shearing and pressing of the magnetic field are closely associated with the solaractivities. The equations of force-free field are:
文摘When the problems of each subject sphere are studied by using the Mssbauer effect, it is desirable to obtain the most precise and accurate estimates of peak position, and often of peak widths and areas. In the process of analysing Mssbauer spectra, the common ways are fitting and stripping the spectra by the computer programs. But for the complex Mssbauer spectra, for example, the analysis of the
文摘At present, the most reliable method for determining the structures of macro-biomolecules should be the X-ray diffraction one, but it cannot make the structures clear in every detail. For example, reported from abroad there all exist two possible conformations for the 4th residue glutamine and the 22nd residue arginine of the insulin B chain. According to the results of the Insulin Group in Beijing, for B22, this possibility is really true, while for B4, the electron densities possibly representing the second confor-
文摘In peptide synthesis or other reactions, it is frequently necessary to mask the side chain of polyfunctional amino acids with a suitable protecting group. The method is usually accomplished by first allowing the α-amino and α-carboxyl groups of amino acids to react with cupric ions to form a stable chelate complex (Ⅰ). It is then possible to protect the side chain selectively, for example,
文摘Consider a system of nonlinear wave equations (e)2t-c2i△xui=Fi(u,(e)u,(e)x(e)u) in (0,∞)×(R)3 for i=1,┈,m,where Fi(i=1,┈,m) are smooth functions of degree 2 near the origin of their arguments, and u=(u1,┈,um),while (e)u and (e)x(e)u represent the first and (second derivatives of u, respectively. In this paper, the author presents a new class of nonlinearity for which the global existence of small solutions is ensured. For example, global existence of small solutions for((e)2t- c21Δx)u1 = u2((e)tu2) + arbitrary cubic terms,((e)2t - c22Δx)u2=u1((e)tu2) + ((e)tu1)u2 + arbitrary cubic termswill be established, provided that c21 ≠ c22.
文摘The complexes of n-vC5H5N·BX3 are one sort of charge-transfer complexes that were discovered early. They are of wide use; for example, they can be used as crosslinking catalysts, and they are also one sort of the model representatives of strongn-v complexes, so it is meaningful in practice and in theory for us to study
文摘Polynomial factorization is indispensable in many fields and we are looking forward to having an efficient algorithm. The methods of Kronecker-Hermann and Van der Waerden-Tr?ger are too complicated to be put into practice in concrete cases. In recent years, there are many works about polynomial factorization, for example, [4 and 5], but the methods are not very efficient yet. In this paper,
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION As the superhard solids are materials widely used not only in industries (for example, in wire drawing, rock cutting operations and in heat sink), but also in scientific researches (for example, in high pressure generation and high pressure optics), their sintering and growing are very important problems. It is well known that diamond is a typical covalent bond superhard solid. Its sintering and growing mechanisms are very complicated and difficult to study because of the complexity of
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Molybdenum is one of the metal elements which is often found in biogenic enzyme, and it is probable that it forms active centers in the form of atomic clusters in some organisms. For example, the active center of nitrogenase consists of some
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION It is well known that a lot of modes of periodical wave can propagate in magnetized plasma. In recent yearsit has been found that some of the modes can propagate as solitary waves, for example, ion-sonic solitary wave, magneto-sonic solitary wave, and Alfven solitary wave. The above-mentioned authors limited themselves to some
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION The nondestructive inspection using Compton scattering has many advantages, such as direct displays fast throughput, and easy computer control. Being a supplement to currently available nondestructive inspection methods, it has a specific application in industry. This inspection technique has attracted special attention at home and abroad, therefore, the experimental technology is in rapid progress in recent years. For example, the
文摘It is well known that every closed orientable 3-dimensional manifold is a 3-fold branched covering space of S3, and the branch set in S3 is a knot. Generally, this is best possible. For example, S1×F?(F? is an orientable surface of genus g) is not a double branched covering of S3, but the proof of this result depends on the nontrivial-
文摘Stratum corneum epidermidis, callosity, nail, and hair are chief parts that compose human keratinized tissues. Biologically, they are all made up of keratin. Disulfide bonds between peptide links in keratin macromolecules make it firm and stable. Different sorts of keratin have been known, for example, hair and nail belong to hard ker-
文摘In research on rock mechanics, deformation measurement at every point on the surface of a rock specimen, that is, observation of a deformation field, is frequently required. For example, in the research on rock mechanics associated with earthquake prediction, an important problem is to know the temporal and spacial variation during the process of earthquake fault formation. The laser holographic interferometry is
文摘In the theoretical explanation of some burst phenomena in the solar atmosphere and the Earth’s magnetosphere (for example, the solar flares and magnetospheric substorms), many authors have indicated that even small magnetic fields in large space scales can be the main energy source that drives dramatic events in the space plasma. The reconnection process of magnetic field lines is the important mechanism of the free magnetic field
文摘The spin echo (SE) phenomenon discovered in the pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (PNMR) exerts significant influence on the field of magnetic resonance. It was first reported by E. L. Hahn in 1950. The discovery of SE provided a new method for a better understanding of NMR phenomenon. For example, it solved the difficul-
文摘NN resonances have been discovered by recent measurements, for example, A（1, 1D2, 2.16）, B（1, 3F3, 2.26） and C（0,1G3, 2.38）, etc. Evidently, the existence of NN resonances would have a profound impact on our understanding of the fundamental nature and behavior of strongly interacting particles. At present, we presume that there are two theoretical mechanisms in NN reso-
