A Preliminary Study on the Rural Land System Reform in the Context of Rural Revitalization

With the deepening of reform and opening up,the rural land system has experienced the evolution from contracting to transfer to the current rural revitalization strategy,and has always been closely linked to the well-being of farmers and the vigorous development of the rural economy.The reform of this system is not only a key driving force for rural economic development,but also an important cornerstone for realizing the rural revitalization strategy.Through in-depth analysis of the connotation of rural revitalization and rural land system reform,this study discusses in detail the internal dynamic mechanism of rural land system reform driving rural revitalization,and comprehensively analyzes the current implementation of rural land system reform.On this basis,this study puts forward the strategic concept of promoting the rural land system reform in the context of rural revitalization.Studies have shown that the rural land system reform has mainly played a positive role in the following four aspects in promoting rural revitalization:providing a solid material foundation for rural revitalization,optimizing the allocation of rural resources,promoting the transformation and upgrading of rural industrial structure,and promoting rural social harmony and stability.In the context of the current rural revitalization,the rural land system reform is undoubtedly one of the core issues of China s rural development.In order to further improve this system,we need to continue to optimize and innovate the rural land transfer system,the homestead reform system,and the rural collective construction land market entry system.

Spatial Differentiation and Convergence Trend of High-quality Development Level of China’s Tourism Economy

This paper aims to interpret the connotation of high-quality development of tourism economy(HQTE)from the perspective of the new development concepts of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing,and then to evaluate the spatial differenti-ation of China’s HQTE based on provincial panel data from 2009 to 2018.Specifically,we employ the spatial convergence model to ex-plore the absolute and conditionalβconvergence trends of HQTE in the whole country and the eastern,central and western regions of China.Our empirical results reveal that:1)within the decade,from 2009 to 2018,regions of China with the highest HQTE index is its eastern region followed by the central region and then the western region,but the fastest growing one is the western region of China fol-lowed by the central region and then the eastern region.2)Whether or not the spatial effect is included,there are absolute and condition-alβconvergence in HQTE in the whole country and aforementioned three regions.3)The degree of government attention as well as the level of economic development and location accessibility are the positive driving factors for the convergence of HQTE in the whole country and the three regions.The degree of marketization and human capital have not passed the significance test either in the whole country or in the three regions.The above conclusions could deepen the understanding of the regional imbalance and spatial conver-gence characteristics of HQTE,clarify the primary development objects,and accomplish the goal of China’s HQTE.

Applying Design Thinking in Ecotourism Curriculum Design: The Educational Design Ladder

The design thinking approach transforms student’s learning process to connect with real-world experience, making connections between knowledge and improving critical thinking and problem-solving capability. Previous research has focused on what design thinking is taught (content) and how it is taught (learning modes and assessment). However, there needs to be an integrative approach in the context of ecotourism education. Therefore, applying Wrigley and Straker’s Educational Design Ladder mode, this study develops an Ecotourism Design Thinking Curriculum framework to combine the ecotourism content, teaching/learning mode and assessment.

Design and Production of Infant Flours Based on Pumpkin Pulp Enriched with Cakes Extracted from Its Seeds

The inclusion of composite flours in infant food at weaning time should be a priority for mothers. The aim of this project is to formulate infant flour based on pulp flour enriched with oilcake from these grains after extraction of the oil. To do this, the elements were combined to obtain a regulatory formulation. Micro- and macronutrients, minerals, vitamins and tasting of the prepared porridge were determined. The results obtained were satisfactory. The moisture content of the fruit pulp was determined using oven-drying techniques: 92.2%, carbohydrates 6.00%, lipids 0.3%, ash 0.80%, proteins 1.10%, calcium 19.8%, phosphorus 42.6% and iron 0.4%. Furthermore, the carbohydrate content of flours composed of 5% insertion is 62.9 g to 48.8 g per 100 g, and the protein content of compound flours with 5% insertion is 15.9 g to 28.25 g per 100 g. On the other hand, the vitamin C and E contents of fresh pulp and oilcake are 25 mg, 13 mg and 21 mg respectively. However, only copper and β-carotene from 5% to 30% insertion remain invariant to the different insertion rates, with a value of 25 mg for copper and 0 µg for β-carotene. In addition, a variation in the degree of swelling of weaning flours compared with the standard from 3.95% at 5% insertion to 3.58 at 30% insertion was observed. The solubility of flours increases on the one hand with increases in the degree of insertion of the cakes. Flour formulated so many toward basicity. But the presence of traces of oil containing fatty acids can reduce this basicity. This study may be an alternative of industrial flours in infant nutrition.

The Doubly Truncated Generalized Log-Lindley Distribution

The aim of this paper is to present generalized log-Lindely (GLL) distribution, as a new model, and find doubly truncated generalized log-Lindely (DTGLL) distribution, truncation in probability distributions may occur in many studies such as life testing, and reliability. We illustrate the applicability of GLL and DTGLL distributions by Real data application. The GLL distribution can handle the risk rate functions in the form of panich and increase. This property makes GLL useful in survival analysis. Various statistical and reliability measures are obtained for the model, including hazard rate function, moments, moment generating function, mean and variance, quantiles function, Skewness and kurtosis, mean deviations, mean inactivity time and strong mean inactivity time. The estimation of model parameters is justified by the maximum Likelihood method. An application to real data shows that DTGLL distribution can provide better suitability than GLL and some other known distributions.

A tale of duality:Community perceptions towards the ecotourism impacts on Simien Mountains National Park,Ethiopia

This study aims to analyze how park households perceive the economic,sociocultural,and environmental impacts of ecotourism in Simien Mountain National Park(SMNP),Ethiopia.We combined qualitative and quantitative techniques for data collection.A sequentially embedded mixed design that gives priority to quantitative data was used.We also employed a multistage sampling technique to select respondents from three districts or woredas,namely Debark,Janamora,and Beyeda woredas.Finally,397 participants were involved in the study from a random selection of three villages from each district or woreda.Data were gathered using a survey questionnaire,interviews,and focus group discussions.Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods,including means,standard deviations,analysis of variance(ANOVA),and logistic regression models.The findings from a logistic regression analysis revealed that ecotourism participation had a significant relationship with gender(B=1.850,P=0.023),level of education(B=0.238,P=0.032),geographical location(B=0.420,P=0.041),and occupation(B=0.920,P=0.019).This investigation suggested that males and individuals with a higher educational background are more likely to possess optimistic perspectives concerning the impacts of ecotourism.Furthermore,individuals residing in districts relatively near ecotourism destinations,those engaged in tourism-related work,and younger participants were recognized as having optimistic viewpoints regarding the impacts of ecotourism.In conclusion,the study highlighted the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to maximize ecotourism’s benefits and minimize negative effects in SMNP.To achieve this,it is recommended that the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Agency,the Ministry of Tourism,and local government should work together to develop sustainable tourism plans that enhance local livelihoods and park conditions.Efforts should focus on increasing the participation of females and individuals with lower education levels through training and resource provision.

The Lebanese Society of Cardiology Consensus Statement on the Use of Natriuretic Peptides for the Management of Heart Failure

Plasma concentration of Natriuretic Peptide (NP) is a valuable diagnostic tool for heart failure (HF). It can help rule out or confirm a diagnosis of HF based on symptoms, but its use is not clearly defined. NPs should be used in conjunction with physical examination and other diagnostic tests. However, it is important to note that several conditions besides the diagnosis of HF may cause NPs levels to be elevated. Additionally, there are situations when NP concentrations may be below diagnostic thresholds in [1]. This consensus statement aims to provide a straightforward diagnostic flowchart for clinicians in both the emergency department and outpatient settings to aid in diagnosing both acute and chronic HF. The diagnosis of acute HF can be ruled out with a BNP level of 100 pg/mL or NTproBNP level of 300 pg/mL, regardless of the patient’s age. To identify HF, a 3-level cut-off point based on the patient’s age is recommended. Chronic heart failure can be ruled out with a BNP level of 35 pg/mL or NTproBNP level of 125 pg/mL, regardless of thepatient’s age [1].

旅游产业网络拓扑结构演进与旅游经济增长:阳朔案例

文章从经济发展的结构主义视角出发,基于最新国家旅游产业分类标准(2018),采用社会网络分析法,通过对广西自治区阳朔县1989-2018年间旅游企业类型与数量变动的历时性分析,刻画了阳朔旅游产业网络拓扑结构特征及其变动过程,并剖析了这种结构变化对于旅游业发展模式与经济增长的影响。研究发现:(1)在目的地生命周期的不同阶段,旅游产业内部将经历主导产业的更替演变,旅游产业转型升级的本质就是产业网络中处于中心位置的主导产业的演进更替。(2)旅游业能否顺利地实现结构优化和升级,取决于政府和相关辅助行业提供公共服务和中间服务的能力。(3)旅游业高质量发展需要保持内部行业既重点突出又相对均衡的结构状态,旅游企业无差异化地过度集聚会带来负面影响。文章的贡献在于揭示出旅游产业结构变化与旅游经济增长之间的复杂关联机制,未来对于旅游经济增长的研究需要更多的结构分析视角。

旅游产业关联结构及其经济贡献研究——以广东省为例

文章采用网络分析法对2010年和2015年广东省产业网络进行了系统研究,描绘了旅游业前后向关联结构与旅游业自我中心网络特性,并使用投入产出分析法对旅游业全要素生产率(TFP)和旅游产业关联的经济影响(TL)进行了测算,从产业关联视角揭示了旅游发展影响经济体系的复杂机制与路径。研究表明:(1)旅游业具有非常强的前后向产业关联。如果抽取其关联效应,经济体系的总产出损失将高达6%以上。(2)旅游业同时也具有较强的中介中心性,已经成为联系第二产业和第三产业群的通道和桥梁。(3)旅游业劳动生产率低于社会平均水平,但TFP增长率高于社会平均水平,这种特征决定了旅游发展影响经济体系产出和生产率结构的多重可能性与复杂性。(4)旅游业较高的TFP增长率有助于推动其前向关联部门的效率提升和进化,这可被视为旅游发挥积极经济效应的一种重要途径。(5)旅游发展所依赖的部分中间投入部门的TFP增长率低于旅游业,对旅游业提质增效造成了约束。因此,提高旅游中间投入部门的效率是旅游业提质增效和发挥旅游对经济综合贡献的关键所在。

基于拓扑优化的人工晶状体襻柔性机构设计

为了解决目前人工晶状体不能实现大跨度调节问题,根据人体生物眼测量基础数据及调节机制,建立了人工晶状体襻结构生物力学模型.基于结构拓扑优化方法,对人工晶状体襻结构进行了拓扑优化分析,得到布局合理的基本骨架结构.经机构运动学分析,给出了机构目标点位移值的变化规律.采用柔性建模理论方法,考虑材料特性及关节柔性,深入研究了该放大机构的实际运动规律,给出了该柔性机构位移放大的一般规律.经本模型优化后得到柔性机构位移输出值可达输入值的3.34倍,光学部前置位移随之增加,理论上可实现视觉质量的提高.

Occult sporadic insulinoma: Localization and surgical strategy

Insulinomas continue to pose a diagnostic challenge to physicians, surgeons and radiologists alike. Most are intrapancreatic, benign and solitary. Biochemical diagnosis is obtained and imaging techniques to localize lesions continue to evolve. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Despite all efforts, an occult insulinoma (occult insulinoma refers to a biochemically proven tumor with indeterminate anatomical site before operation) may still be encountered. New localization preoperative techniques decreases occult cases and the knowledge of the site of the mass before surgery allows to determine whether enucleation of the tumor or pancreatic resection is likely to be required and whether the tumor is amenable to removal via a laparoscopic approach. In absence of preoperative localization and intraoperative detection of an insulinoma, blind pancreatic resection is not recommended.

Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis:Abdominal cocoon

Abdominal cocoon,the idiopathic form of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis,is a rare condition of unknown etiology that results in an intestinal obstruction due to total or partial encapsulation of the small bowel by a f ibrocollagenous membrane.Preoperative diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion.The early clinical features are nonspecif ic,are often not recognized and it is diff icult to make a def inite pre-operative diagnosis.Clinical suspicion may be generated by the recurrent episodes of small intestinal obstruction combined with relevant imaging f indings and lack of other plausible etiologies.The radiological diagnosis of abdominal cocoon may now be conf idently made on computed tomography scan.Surgery is important in the management of this disease.Careful dissection and excision of the thick sac with the release of the small intestine leads to complete recovery in the vast majority of cases.

Treatment options of inflammatory appendiceal masses in adults

At present, the treatment of choice for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults continues to be surgical. The inflammation in acute appendicitis may sometimes be enclosed by the patient's own defense mechanisms, by the formation of an inflammatory phlegmon or a circumscribed abscess. The management of these patients is controversial. Immediate appendectomy may be technically demanding. The exploration often ends up in an ileocecal resection or a right-sided hemicolectomy. Recently, the conditions for conservative management of these patients have changed due to the development of computed tomography and ultrasound, which has improved the diagnosis of enclosed inflammation and made drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses easier. New efficient antibiotics have also given new opportunities for nonsurgical treatment of complicated appendicitis. The traditional management of these patients is nonsurgical treatment followed by interval appendectomy to prevent recurrence. The need for interval appendectomy after successful nonsurgical treatment has recently been questioned because the risk of recurrence is relatively small. After successful nonsurgical treatment of an appendiceal mass, the true diagnosis is uncertain in some cases and an underlying diagnosis of cancer or Crohn's disease may be delayed. This report aims at reviewing the treatment options of patients with enclosed appendiceal inflammation, with emphasis on the success rate of nonsurgical treatment, the need for drainage of abscesses, the risk of undetected serious disease, and the need for interval appendectomy to prevent recurrence.

Consequences of dysthyroidism on the digestive tract and viscera

Thyroid hormones def ine basal metabolism throughout the body, particularly in the intestine and viscera. Gastrointestinal manifestations of dysthyroidism are numerous and involve all portions of the tract. Thyroid hormone action on motility has been widely studied, but more complex pathophysiologic mechanisms have been indicated by some studies although these are not fully understood. Both thyroid hormone excess and def iciency can have similar digestive manifestations, such as diarrhea, although the mechanism is different in each situation. The liver is the most affected organ in both hypo-and hyperthyroidism. Specifi c digestive diseases may be associated with autoimmune thyroid processes, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Grave's disease. Among them, celiac sprue and primary biliary cirrhosis are the most frequent although a clear common mechanism has never been proven. Overall, thyroid-related digestive manifestations were described decades ago but studies are still needed in order to conf irm old concepts or elucidate undiscovered mechanisms. All practitioners must be aware of digestive symptoms due to dysthyroidism in order to avoid misdiagnosis of rare but potentially lethal situations.

The angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor and receptor-associated proteins

The mechanisms of regulation, activation and signal transduction of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor have been studied extensively in the decade after its cloning. The AT1 receptor is a major component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It mediates the classical biological actions of Ang II. Among the structures required for regulation and activation of the receptor, its carboxyl- terminal region plays crucial roles in receptor internalization, desensitization and phosphorylation. The mechanisms involved in heterotrimeric G-protein coupling to the receptor, activation of the downstream signaling pathway by G proteins and the Ang II signal transduction pathways leading to specific cellular responses are discussed. In addition, recent work on the identification and characterization of novel proteins associated with carboxy1-terminus of the AT1 receptor is presented. These novel proteins will advance our understanding of how the receptor is internalized and recycled as they provide molecular mechanisms for the activation and regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors.

Acute mesenteric ischemia after cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a highly-lethal surgical emergency. Several pathophysiologic events (arterial obstruction, venous thrombosis and diffuse vasospasm) lead to a sudden decrease in mesenteric blood flow. Ischemia/reperfusion syndrome of the intestine is responsible for systemic abnormalities, leading to multi-organ failure and death. Early diagnosis is difficult because the clinical presentation is subtle, and the biological and radiological diagnostic tools lack sensitivity and specificity. Therapeutic options vary from conservative resuscitation, medical treatment, endovascular techniques and surgical resection and revascularization. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis, and prompt treatment is the only hope of reducing the mortality rate. Studies are in progress to provide more accurate diagnostic tools for early diagnosis. AMI can complicate the post-operative course of patients following cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB). Several factors contribute to the systemic hypo-perfusion state, which is the most frequent pathophysiologic event. In this particular setting, the clinical presentation of AMI can be misleading, while the laboratory and radiological diagnostic tests often produce inconclusive results. The management strategies are controversial, but early treatment is critical for saving lives. Based on the experience of our team, we consider prompt exploratory laparotomy, irrespective of the results of the diagnostic tests, isthe only way to provide objective assessment and adequate treatment, leading to dramatic reduction in the mortality rate.

目的地形象研究WEIRD化及其在亚洲的适用性

目的地形象在过去近40年中一直是旅游学术研究的热门话题①②③。早期的目的地形象研究偏重于形象的概念界定、测量方法④和形成过程⑤⑥⑦。近年来,目的地形象研究在理论构建和研究方法等领域取得了一些进展。本文将着重介绍几个笔者参与或关注的最新研究视角⑧。

Linking multiple pathogenic pathways in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder presenting as progressive cognitive decline with dementia that does not, to this day, benefit from any disease-modifying drug. Multiple etiologic pathways have been explored and demonstrate promising solutions. For example, iron ion chelators, such as deferoxamine, are a potential therapeutic solution around which future studies are being directed. Another promising domain is related to thrombin inhibitors. In this minireview, a common pathophysiological pathway is suggested for the pathogenesis of AD to prove that all these mechanisms converge onto the same cascade of neuroinflammatory events. This common pathway is initiated by the presence of vascular risk factors that induce brain tissue hypoxia, which leads to endothelial cell activation. However, the ensuing hypoxia stimulates the production and release of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory proteins. Furthermore, the endothelial activation may become excessive and dysfunctional in predisposed individuals, leading to thrombin activation and iron ion decompartmentalization. The oxidative stress that results from these modifications in the neurovascular unit will eventually lead to neuronal and glial cell death, ultimately leading to the development of AD. Hence, future research in this field should focus on conducting trials with combinations of potentially efficient treatments, such as the combination of intranasal deferoxamine and direct thrombin inhibitors.

Food Safety Traceability Systems in the Maritime Catering Logistics

This paper aims to explore food safety traceability in the onboard food and beverage operations on cruise ships through a case study approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with galley and foodservice staff. Additionally, a self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to logistics managers and employees of three Egyptian cruise companies. Results indicated that cruise ships in this study use paper-based and manually-entered (electronically stored) data traceability systems. Managing food safety by effective product recall, complying with legislation, and improving product quality are among the most important perceived benefits identified by foodservice staff. Maintaining a good reputation, ensuring food safety, reducing foodborne illnesses, suppliers' commitment to quality specifications, and maintaining guest confidence are considered the most important benefits from implementing a food traceability system. The results also depicted that the challenges managers face implementing or improving a food traceability system included high cost, absence of unified traceability standards between cruise companies and food suppliers, shortage of skilled staff, and lack of knowledge and satisfaction with current foodservice operation systems onboard cruise ships. Other findings elucidated that the critical success factors for implementing traceability included strict food traceability legislation, ensuring the adequacy and correctness of traceability information, adopting a food traceability system by the cruise company management, the standardization of food traceability information identification, and technology support for food traceability systems implementation from government. Other factors were reported of less importance. This research concluded the urgent need for more cooperation between cruise companies, food suppliers, and relevant governmental authorities to adopt food traceability systems and the need of authorizing and setting compulsory standards and regulations.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Lebanon: Etiology and prognostic factors associated with short-term survival

瞄准：在黎巴嫩和早死亡预兆的预示的因素学习 HCC 的传染病学。方法：在一个五年的时期上诊断的 HCC 盒子的观察后续队研究被执行。Multivariate 分析被进行与肝意大利的程序(片断) 分数的癌症相比识别预示的因素。包括内在的肝疾病，病人的人口统计的特征，和孩子呸评估的肝疾病的严厉的病原学的多重变量得分被学习。肿瘤参数包括了小瘤，门静脉血栓的存在，和治疗形式的 HCC， alpha-fetoprotein 水平，数字和尺寸的诊断的时间。后续的死亡或损失被看作一个端点事件。结果：92 个病人(平均数 60.5 +/- 22.3 年) 被包括。内在的疾病的病原学分别地是在 67% ， 20% ，和 23.5% 的肝炎 B， C，和酒精。在诊断的孩子呸班分别地是在 34.8% ， 39.3% 和 25.8% 的 A， B，和 C。全面幸存分别地在 1， 2 和 3 年是 44.8% ， 32.8% 和 17.6%( 吝啬的 F/U 40.2 +/- 23.5 瞬间) 。Multivariate 分析识别了早死亡的三个预言者(【 6 瞬间) ：胆红素 】 3.2 mg/dL (P 【 0.01 ) ， HCC 作为肝疾病的第一个演讲(P = 0.035 ) ，并且肌酸酐 】 1 mg/dL (P = 0.017 ) 。一个分数由考克斯基于这些变量超过了片断分数比例的危险。巨鸟曲线显示了两个模型相等、中等精确。结论：HBV 是在黎巴嫩的 HCC 的领先的原因。早死亡的独立预言者是象疾病的第一表明的提高的胆红素，肌酸酐和 HCC。一个分数的未来的确认基于在预言短期的幸存的这些临床的参数被需要。