Node Search Contributions Based Long-Term Follow-Up Specific Individual Searching Model

In this paper,we introduce a long-term follow-up specific individual searching(SIS)model.This model introduces the concept of node search contributions by considering the characteristics of the network structure.A node search contribution indicates the ability of a certain node to correctly guide the search path and successfully complete an SIS.The influencing factors of node search contributions have three components:the individual influence index,attribute similarity,and node search willingness.On the basis of node search contributions and the PeopleRank idea,this paper proposes an SIS model based on node search contribution values and conducts comparison experiments with several mainstream SIS algorithms in three aspects:the search failure rate,the minimum number of search hops,and the search size.The experimental results verify the advanced nature and operability of the model proposed in this paper,which presents theoretical and practical significance to the quantitative study of the SIS process.

Effectiveness of indoor residual spraying on malaria control: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Indoor residual spraying(IRS)is one of the key interventions recommended by World Health Organization in preventing malaria infection.We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies about the impact of IRS on malaria control.Method:We searched PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Scopus for relevant studies published from database establishment to 31 December 2021.Random-effects models were used to perform meta-analysis and subgroup analysis to pool the odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI).Meta-regression was used to investigate potential factors of heterogeneity across studies.Results:Thirty-eight articles including 81 reports and 1,174,970 individuals were included in the meta-analysis.IRS was associated with lower rates of malaria infection(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.27-0.44).The significantly higher effectiveness was observed in IRS coverage≥80%than in IRS coverage<80%.Pyrethroids was identified to show the greatest performance in malaria control.In addition,higher effectiveness was associated with a lower gross domestic product as well as a higher coverage of IRS and bed net utilization.Conclusions:IRS could induce a positive effect on malaria infection globally.The high IRS coverage and the use of pyrethroids are key measures to reduce malaria infection.More efforts should focus on increasing IRS coverage,developing more effective new insecticides against malaria,and using multiple interventions comprehensively to achieve malaria control goals.