Bowen’s disease with multiple lesions of the penis and scrotum:A case report

Bowen’s disease is a rare squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the skin,the etiology and pathogenesis of which remain unclear.A 57-year-old man presented with the penis and scrotum erythema,with indistinct boundaries with the surrounding tissue.Pathology and histopathology of the biopsy specimen revealed Bowen’s disease.There are many clinical treatments for Bowen’s disease,including surgical excision,liquid nitrogen freezing,electrocautery,laser therapy,topical application of 5-fluorouracil ointment,and photodynamic therapy.Bowen’s disease mostly involves solitary lesions.This case involved multiple lesions,and its scope was extensive;therefore,surgical resection was performed.

Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing

As the body’s integumentary system,the skin is vulnerable to injuries.The subsequent wound healing processes aim to restore dermal and epidermal integrity and functionality.To this end,multiple tissue-resident cells and recruited immune cells cooperate to efficiently repair the injured tissue.Such temporally-and spatially-coordinated interplay necessitates tight regulation to prevent collateral damage such as overshooting immune responses and excessive inflammation.In this context,regulatory T cells(Tregs)hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing.A comprehensive understanding of Tregs’multifaceted field of activity may help decipher wound pathologies and,ultimately,establish new treatment modalities.Herein,we review the role of Tregs in orchestrating the regeneration of skin adnexa and catalyzing healthy wound repair.Further,we discuss how Tregs operate during fibrosis,keloidosis,and scarring.

Ageing-related bone and immunity changes:insights into the complex interplay between the skeleton and the immune system

Ageing as a natural irreversible process inherently results in the functional deterioration of numerous organ systems and tissues,including the skeletal and immune systems.Recent studies have elucidated the intricate bidirectional interactions between these two systems.

Sensory neurons: unveiling the symphony of wound healing

In a recent paper published in Nature,Lu et al.reveal a pivotal role of Nav1.8+nociceptor-released neuropeptide calcitonin generelated peptide(CGRP)in modulating the activities of myeloid cells during skin and muscle injury repair.This study demonstrated the significant impact of sensory neurons on injuryinduced inflammation and wound healing.

Neddylation suppression by a macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticle promotes dual immunomodulatory repair of diabetic wounds

Oxidative stress,infection,and vasculopathy caused by hyperglycemia are the main barriers for the rapid repair of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).In recent times,the discovery of neddylation,a new type of post-translational modification,has been found to regulate various crucial biological processes including cell metabolism and the cell cycle.Nevertheless,its capacity to control the healing of wounds in diabetic patients remains unknown.This study shows that MLN49224,a compound that inhibits neddylation at low concentrations,enhances the healing of diabetic wounds by inhibiting the polarization of M1 macrophages and reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors.Moreover,it concurrently stimulates the growth,movement,and formation of blood vessel endothelial cells,leading to expedited healing of wounds in individuals with diabetes.The drug is loaded into biomimetic macrophage-membrane-coated PLGA nanoparticles(M-NPs/MLN4924).The membrane of macrophages shields nanoparticles from being eliminated in the reticuloendothelial system and counteracts the proinflammatory cytokines to alleviate inflammation in the surrounding area.The extended discharge of MLN4924 from M-NPs/MLN4924 stimulates the growth of endothelial cells and the formation of tubes,along with the polarization of macrophages towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.By loading M-NPs/MLN4924 into a hydrogel,the final formulation is able to meaningfully repair a diabetic wound,suggesting that M-NPs/MLN4924 is a promising engineered nanoplatform for tissue engineering.

Immunomodulatory Nanosystems:Advanced Delivery Tools for Treating Chronic Wounds

The increasingly aging society led to a rise in the prevalence of chronic wounds(CWs),posing a significant burden to public health on a global scale.One of the key features of CWs is the presence of a maladjusted immune microenvironment characterized by persistent and excessive(hyper)inflammation.A variety of immunomodulatory therapies have been proposed to address this condition.Yet,to date,current delivery systems for immunomodulatory therapy remain inadequate and lack efficiency.This highlights the need for new therapeutic delivery systems,such as nanosystems,to manage the pathological inflammatory imbalance and,ultimately,improve the treatment outcomes of CWs.While a plethora of immunomodulatory nanosystems modifying the immune microenvironment of CWs have shown promising therapeutic effects,the literature on the intersection of immunomodulatory nanosystems and CWs remains relatively scarce.Therefore,this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis and characteristics of the immune microenvironment in CWs,discuss important advancements in our understanding of CW healing,and delineate the versatility and applicability of immunomodulatory nanosystems-based therapies in the therapeutic management of CWs.In addition,we herein also shed light on the main challenges and future perspectives in this rapidly evolving research field.

Converting fibroblastic fates leads to wound healing without scar

In a recent paper published in Science,Mascharak et al.^(1) demonstrated that inhibiting Engrailed-1 activation in wound fibroblasts promotes scarless wound repair that phenocopies wound repair by regeneration seen in lower taxon groups and rarely in mammals.Many living species of chordates,including vertebrates,respond to injury by regenerating a perfect tissue replica.Mammals and humans on the other hand,with some rare exceptions,replaced true regeneration with scar tissue build-up in wounds.