Growth and immunity are opposing processes that compete for cellular resources,and proper resource allocation is crucial for plant survival.BSK1 plays a key role in the regulation of both growth and immunity by associ...Growth and immunity are opposing processes that compete for cellular resources,and proper resource allocation is crucial for plant survival.BSK1 plays a key role in the regulation of both growth and immunity by associating with BRI1 and FLS2,respectively.However,it remains unclear how two antagonistic signals co-opt BSK1 to induce signal-specific activation.Here we show that the dynamic spatial reorganiization of BSK1 within the plasma membrane underlies the mechanism of signal-specific activation for growth or immunity.Resting BSK1 localizes to membrane rafts as complexes.Unlike BSK1-associated FLS2 and BRI1,flg22 or exogenous brassinosteroid(BR)treatment did not decrease BSK1 levels at the plasma membrane(PM)but rather induced BSK1 multimerization and dissociation from FLS2/BSK1 or BRI1/BSK1,respectively.Moreover,flg22-activated BSK1 translocated from membrane rafts to non-membrane-raft regions,whereas BR-activated BSK1 remained in membrane rafts.When applied together with flg22,BR suppressed various flg22-induced BSK1 activities such as BSK1 dissociation from FLS2/BSK1,BSK1 interaction with MAPKKK5,and BSK translocation together with MAPKKK5.Taken together,this study provides a unique insight into how the precise control of BSK1 spatiotemporal organization regulates the signaling specificity to balance plant growth and immunity.展开更多
Unlike actively moving animals,plants actively change their body architecture via growth of their diverse organs in response to environmental clues and stresses.For example,changes in Arabidopsis thaliana root apex zo...Unlike actively moving animals,plants actively change their body architecture via growth of their diverse organs in response to environmental clues and stresses.For example,changes in Arabidopsis thaliana root apex zonation under phosphate(Pi)deficiency is considered to be such an active response,including inhibition of primary root elongation and increasing densities of lateral roots and root hairs(Abel,2017).However,a recent study by Zheng et al.(2019)modifies this hypothesis,which is based on the transparent Petri dish-based culture method of young Arabidopsis seedlings causing illumination of roots.In this issue,Zheng et al.(2019)report that Pi deficiency not only increases malate secretion from Arabidopsis root apices via the ALMT1 transporter but also that blue light(BL)triggers a malate-mediated photo-Fenton reaction in the rhizosphere,increasing the OH radical levels.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 Project,B13007 to J.L.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030010 and 31530084 to J.L.,31871424 to X.S.).
文摘Growth and immunity are opposing processes that compete for cellular resources,and proper resource allocation is crucial for plant survival.BSK1 plays a key role in the regulation of both growth and immunity by associating with BRI1 and FLS2,respectively.However,it remains unclear how two antagonistic signals co-opt BSK1 to induce signal-specific activation.Here we show that the dynamic spatial reorganiization of BSK1 within the plasma membrane underlies the mechanism of signal-specific activation for growth or immunity.Resting BSK1 localizes to membrane rafts as complexes.Unlike BSK1-associated FLS2 and BRI1,flg22 or exogenous brassinosteroid(BR)treatment did not decrease BSK1 levels at the plasma membrane(PM)but rather induced BSK1 multimerization and dissociation from FLS2/BSK1 or BRI1/BSK1,respectively.Moreover,flg22-activated BSK1 translocated from membrane rafts to non-membrane-raft regions,whereas BR-activated BSK1 remained in membrane rafts.When applied together with flg22,BR suppressed various flg22-induced BSK1 activities such as BSK1 dissociation from FLS2/BSK1,BSK1 interaction with MAPKKK5,and BSK translocation together with MAPKKK5.Taken together,this study provides a unique insight into how the precise control of BSK1 spatiotemporal organization regulates the signaling specificity to balance plant growth and immunity.
文摘Unlike actively moving animals,plants actively change their body architecture via growth of their diverse organs in response to environmental clues and stresses.For example,changes in Arabidopsis thaliana root apex zonation under phosphate(Pi)deficiency is considered to be such an active response,including inhibition of primary root elongation and increasing densities of lateral roots and root hairs(Abel,2017).However,a recent study by Zheng et al.(2019)modifies this hypothesis,which is based on the transparent Petri dish-based culture method of young Arabidopsis seedlings causing illumination of roots.In this issue,Zheng et al.(2019)report that Pi deficiency not only increases malate secretion from Arabidopsis root apices via the ALMT1 transporter but also that blue light(BL)triggers a malate-mediated photo-Fenton reaction in the rhizosphere,increasing the OH radical levels.
