Search for the doubly heavy baryons Ω^(0)_(bc) and E^(0)_(bc) decaying to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-) and E^(+)_(c)π^(-)

The first search for the doubly heavyΩ^(0)_(bc)baryon and a search for the E^(0)_(bc)baryon are performed using pp collision data collected via the LHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.2 fb^(-1).The baryons are reconstructed via their decays to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)and E^(+)_(c)π^(-).No significant excess is fbund for invariant masses between 6700 and 7300 MeV/c^(2),in a rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and a transverse momentum range from 2 to 20 MeV/c.Upper limits are set on the ratio of the Ω^(0)_(bc)and E^(0)_(bc)production cross-section times the branching fraction to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(+)_(c)π^(-))relative to that of the Λ^(0)_(b)(E^(0)_(b))baryon,for different lifetime hypotheses,at 95%confidence level.The upper limits range from 0.5 x 10^(-4)to 2.5 x 10^(-4)for theΩ^(0)_(bc)→Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(0)_(bc)→Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-))decay,and from 1.4x 10^(-3)to 6.9 x 10^(-3)for theΩ^(0)_(bc)→E^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(0)_(bc)→E^(+)_(c)π^(-))decay,depending on the considered mass and lifetime of theΩ^(0)_(bc)(E^(0)_(bc))baryon.

Spatial-temporal pattern of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil

Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)is a vector-borne disease classified by the World Health Organization as one ofthe most neglected tropical diseases.Brazil has the highest incidence of CL in America and is one of the ten countries in the world with the highest number of cases.Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of CL is essential to provide guidelines for public health policies in Brazil.In the present study we used a spatial and temporal statistical approach to evaluate the dynamics ofCL in Brazil.Methods:We used data of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases provided by the Ministry of Health of Brazil from 2001 to 2017.We calculated incidence rates and used the Mann-Kendall trend test to evaluate the temporal trend of CL in each municipality.In addition,we used Kuldorff scan method to identify spatiotemporal clusters and emerging hotspots test to evaluate hotspot areas and their temporal trends.Results:We found a general decrease in the number of CL cases in Brazil(from 15.3 to 8.4 cases per 100000 habitants),although 3.2%of municipalities still have an increasing tendency of CL incidence and 72.5%showed no tendency at all.The scan analysis identified a primary cluster in northern and central regions and 21 secondary clusters located mainly in south and southeast regions.The emerging hotspots analysis detected a high spatial and temporal variability of hotspots inside the main cluster area,diminishing hotspots in eastern Amazon and permanent,emerging,and new hotspots in the states of Amapa and parts of Para,Roraima,Acre and Mato Grosso.The central coast the state of Bahia is one of the most critical areas due to the detection of a cluster of the highest rank in a secondary cluster,and because it is the only area identified as an intensifying hotspot.Conclusions:Using a combination of statistical methods we were able to detect areas of higher incidence of CL and understand how it changed over time.We suggest that these areas,especially those identified as permanent,new,emerging and intensifying hotspots,should be targeted for future research,surveillance,and implementation of vector control measures.