Modelling the impacts of cover crop management strategies on the water use,carbon exchange and yield of olive orchards

Cover crops have long been proposed as an alternative soil management for minimizing erosion rates in olive stands while providing additional ecosystem services.However,the trade-off between these benefits and the competition for water with the trees makes the definition of optimal management practices a challenging task in semiarid climates.This work presents an improved version of OliveCan,a process-based simulation model of olive orchards that now can simulate the main impacts of cover crops on the water and carbon balances of olive orchards.Albeit simple in its formulation,the new model components were developed to deal with different cover crop management strategies.Examples are presented for simulation runs of a traditional olive orchard in the conditions of southern Spain,evaluating the effects of different widths for the strip occupied by the cover crop(Fcc)and two contrasting mowing dates.Results revealed that high Fccresulted in lower olive yields,but only when mowing was applied at the end of spring.In this regard,late mowing and high Fccwas associated with lower soil water content from spring to summer,coinciding with olive flowering and the earlier stages of fruit growth.Fccwas also negatively correlated with surface runoff irrespective of the mowing date.On the other hand,net ecosystem productivity(NEP)was substantially affected by both Fccand mowing date.Further simulations under future climate scenarios comparing the same management alternatives are also presented,showing substantial yield reductions by the end of the century and minor or negligible changes in NEP and seasonal runoff.

Exergy Efficiency and Environmental Impact of Electricity of a 620 MW-Natural Gas Combined Cycle

In the first part of this investigation, a Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) producing 620 MW of electricity was simulated using the commercial software Aspen Hysys V9.0 and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation of state. The aim of this second part is to use exergy-based analyses in order to calculate its exergy efficiency and evaluate its environmental impact under standard conditions. For the exergy efficiency, the performance index under investigation is the exergy destruction ratio (yD). The results of the study show that the combustor is the main contributor to the total exergy destruction of the power plant (yD = 24.35%) and has the lowest exergy efficiency of 75.65%. On the other hand, the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) has the lowest contribution to the exergy destruction (yD = 5.63%) of the power plant and the highest exergy efficiency of 94.37%. For the overall power plant, the exergy efficiency is equal to 53.28%. For the environmental impact of the power plant, the relative difference of exergy-related environmental impacts (rb) is utilized as the performance index for each equipment of the plant and the environmental impact of a kWh of electricity (EIE) is used to represent the performance index of the overall power plant. In agreement with the exergy analysis, the results indicate that the combustor and the HRSG have respectively the highest (rb = 32.19%) and the lowest (rb = 5.96%) contribution to the environmental impact. The environmental impact of a kWh of electricity of the power plant is 34.26 mPts/kWh (exergy destruction only), and 34.42 mPts/kWh (both exergy destruction and exergy loss).

Etiology and an Integrated Management of Severe Hemoptysis Due to Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background: It is very important to enhance the therapeutic effect and prognosis of severe tuberculous hemoptysis after the determining of its etiological cause and the source of bleeding. The etiology and integrated curative effect of severe hemoptysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis among 112 inpatients were analyzed. Materials and Methods: The cause was retrospectively analysed. The integrated management effect after the follow-up of mean three years in 112 cases with severe hemoptysis being resulted from pulmonary tuberculosis from June 2008 to July 2012 was described. Active pulmonary tuberculosis ranked the first cause of lower respiratory tract bleeding (32/112, 28.5%), followed by old pulmonary tuberculosis (28/112, 25.0%), tuberculous bronchiectasis (25/112, 22.3%), purified tuberculous cavity (12/112, 10.7%), fungal infection in old pulmonary tuberculosis cavity (9/112, 7.1%), or broncholithiasis (6/112, 5.4%). Almost all suffers with severe hemoptysis were treated by an integrated management, including psychology, anticoagulants, vasoconstrictor agents. Etiological treatment including anti-tuberculosis and anti-infection was simultaneously or subsequently involved. Sixty-four inpatients with severe hemoptysis being failed to be cured by medical treatment were then received selective bronchial artery embolization. Four patients were received surgical wedge resection, lobectomy or pneumonectomy. The total cure rate added up to 98.2% after mean three years’ follow-up. The mortality was 1.8%. Conclusions: Active pulmonary tuberculosis was still responsible for the severe hemoptysis in the southeast region of China. Severe hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis was also resulted from stable tuberculosis, tuberculous bronchiectasis, tuberculosis cavity, fungal infection, or broncholithiasis. Better clinical therapeutic effect could be attained by early etiological diagnosis and comprehensive treatment strategy.

Oscillatory and Asymptotic Behaviour of Solutions of Two Nonlinear Dimensional Difference Systems

This paper deals with the some oscillation criteria for the two dimensional difference system of the form: . Examples illustrating the results are inserted.

A multi-level evaluation model for the recognition and assessment of impact factors associated with intercontinental power interconnection projects

The construction of intercontinental power grid interconnection projects is key to realizing the vision of Global Energy Interconnection,which is to solve global energy problems in a clean and sustainable manner.These projects may be influenced by a few factors that are neither technological nor economic,such as political,social,and international factors.This paper thus presents a multi-level model for recognizing which factor from a compiled list of 14 would impact a particular intercontinental interconnection project and for assessing the degree of the factor’s influence.In the first part of the model,the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method is used to recognize the project’s most significant impact factors.Using the recognition results,the second part of the model can assess the degree of the factor’s influence on the project based on ratings provided by experts.A comprehensive evaluation can thus be provided.As a case study,the proposed Saudi Arabia-Ethiopia power grid interconnection project connecting Asia and Africa was analyzed.Derived from a combination of multiple opinions from experts,evaluations from the model will be of direct benefit to decision-makers,investors,project implementers,and engineers,providing them with a deeper insight into the project.

A REVIEW OF TREATMENT OF DIABETES BY ACUPUNCTURE DURING THE PAST FORTY YEARS

Considerable progress has been madein the treatment of diabetes by acupunctureafter 40 years of development. In the 50sand 60s, only sporadic case reports could beseen in the literature. Passing throughthe stage of observation of groups of casesin the 70s and the early 80s and the peri-

Three-dimensional finite element analysis on effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation

A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation.The displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-induced volume loss effects.The numerical model was verified based on the results of a centrifuge test and a set of parametric studies was implemented based on this model.There is good agreement between the trend of the results of the centrifuge test and the present model.The results of parametric studies show that the tunnelling-induced pile internal force and deformation depend mainly on the pile?tunnel distance,the pile length to tunnel depth ratio and the volume loss.Two different zones are separated by a 45° line projected from the tunnel springline.Within the zone of influence,the pile is subjected to tensile force and large settlement;whereas outside the zone of influence,dragload and small settlement are induced.It is also established that the impact of tunnelling on a pile group is substantially smaller as compared with a single pile in the same location with the rear pile in a group,demonstrating a positive pile group effect.

Improved spontaneous erectile function in men with mild-tomoderate arteriogenic erectile dysfunction treated with a nightly dose of sildenafil for one year： a randomized trial

Aim： To test the hypothesis that sildenafil （50 mg nightly for one year） can improve spontaneous erectile function （EF） in men with mild-to-moderate arteriogenic erectile dysfunction （ED） responsive to erectogenic treatment. Methods： In a prospective open-label trial, 112 men with ED were randomized to sildenafil 50 mg nightly or sildenafil 50 or 100 mg as needed for 12 months, followed by one-month and 6-month non-medicated periods. Non-randomized, non-medicated men with ED were also assessed. The EF domain of the International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF EF） and the peak systolic velocity （PSV） of penile cavernous arteries were used to measure the efficacy. Results： After sildenafil treatment and a subsequent non-medicated month, IIEF EF was normal in 29 of 48 （60.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 45.3-74.2%） of the nightly group vs. 4 of 49 （8.2%, 95% CI： 2.3-19.6%） of the as-needed group. PSV improved by 11.2 cm/s （95% CI： 4.7-21.4; P = 0.012） in the nightly group but only by 3.4 cm/s （-5.1- 14.7; P = 0.435） in the as-needed group. IIEF EF normalized in 1 of 18 （5.6%, 95% CI： 0.1-27.3%） non-medicated men and the PSV declined slightly. Six months after treatment, the IIEF EF remained normal and PSV was stabilized in most （28/29, 97%） nightly group men who had initially normalized. Conclusion： Sildenafil nightly for one year resulted in ED regression that persisted well beyond the end of treatment, so that spontaneous EF was characterized as normal on the IIEF in most men. The results from this open-label, randomized trial warrant verification under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions.

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF 139 CASES OF NEURODERMATITIS

Neurodermatitis,a commonly seen,intractable dermal disease,is characterizedby severe paroxysmal itching,lichenoidchanges and other symptoms of chronic in-flammation of skin.Most patients

TCM TREATMENT OF RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION IN 216 CASES

Traditional Chinese Medicine wasadopted in the treatment of 216 cases(219eyes)of retinal vein occlusion.The period oftreatment averaged 3 months;the total rate ofefficacy was 80.4%.During an averagefollow-up of 3 years,84.1% of the patientsmaitained a stable or slightly improved vision.The authors believed that treatment of thedisease with TCM promoted the absorption ofblood and formation of collateral circulation,and suppressed neovascularization,thus pre-venting repeated bleeding that would lead toserious complications.

TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD ANOREXIA WITH SPLEEN DEFICIENCY BY QIANG ZHUANG LING

The authors’ traditional Chinese herbal prescrip-tion,Qiang Zhuang Ling,was used to treat childhoodanorexia with Spleen deficiency.For comparison,a group of cases treated by zinc sulphate solution wasalso set up as controls.After a course of treatment,the therapeutic effect in the Qiang Zhuang Ling groupwas significantly better than in the zinc sulphategroup.Furthermore,in both groups,the level of hairzinc were markedly increased;the ultrastructure ofhair was recovered;and the activity of macrophageswas enhanced.

TREATMENT OF ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC COR PULMONALE WITH FEI XIN LING SYRUP

30 cases of chronic cor pulmonale with acute exacerbation were treated with Fei Xin Ling Syrup compared with 30 similar cases treated with Western modern drugs as controls. The Chinese herbal drug modality was found to be superior to the administration of modern drugs in the control group in overall therapeutic effects, with regard to the symptoms of coughing, tachypnea, phlegm production, edema, and the prevention of heart and respiratory failure. Rheological studies in part of the patients also indicated that the Chinese herbal prescription improved the blood circulation.

TREATMENT OF AIDS WITH TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

According to the experience in treating30 patients with AIDS,traditional Chinesemedicine did bring symptomatic relief:how-ever,further trials are needed to find out ifherbal drugs may control HIV or improvethe immunofunction of infected patients.

TREATMENT OF ACUTE GASTRIC PAIN BY NEEDLING ACUPOINTS LIANGOIU AND WEISHU

Since a nclent times,Liangqiu(St 34)andWeishu(UB 21)have been known as acupointsfor treatment of acute gastric pain.The authorstreated 73 patients of acute gastric pain by needl-ing Liangqiu and Weishu points with quickeffect,prolonged action,and no adverse side-

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF 139 CASES OF NEURODERMATITIS

Neurodermatitis, a commonly seen, intractable dermal disease. is characterized by severe paroxysmal itching, lichenoid changes and other symptoms of chronic inflammation of skin. Most patients are accompanied by neurasthenic symptoms. The predilection sites of the disease, generally speaking. include the neck, the nuchal region, the popliteal fossa, the sacral region. the ventral surface of the abdomen, the perineum, etc. Neurodermatitis may

FREE RADICAL MECHANISM IN ENHANCEMENT OF RADIOSENSITIZATION BY SRSBR

The free radical mechanism of enhancing radiosensibility by the Synergic Recipe to Strengthen Body Resistance (SRSBR) consisting of 10 Chinese drugs was studied by elec-tron spin resonance (ESR) with spin trapping reagent-Nitroso-tert-butane (NtB) follow-ing irradiation of the Deoxy thymidine (dT) solution system by 60Co 3.7 PBq. The results showed SRSBR cannot only enhance the generation of e - aq but also enhance the produc-tion of · OH and H · after irradiation with γ ray in dT-NtB-SRSBR aqueous solution system. These result in damage to biological molecules, attacking and killing tumor cells radiosensitized by SRSBR. The characteristics of SRSBR for radiosensitization are con-cluded to be increasing production of · OH and H · in comparison with the well-known radiosensitizer-Misonidazole (Miso).

THE APPLICATION OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE TO THE MANAGEMENT OF HEPATIC CANCEROUS PAIN

The authors summarized the application of traditional Chinese medicine to the management of hepatic cancerous pain in Beijing and Shanghai, and in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. The therapeutic principle was to invigorate blood circulation and reduce stasis and to soothe the liver and regulate qi, so as to dredge the channels and collaterals. The results were satis-factory.

Research progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of tumor-related depression

Cancer related depression(CRD)refers to the significant and lasting depression of the patient due to tumor diagnosis,treatment and comorbidities.It can be attributed to the category of“stagnation syndrome”in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Clinically,cancer-related depression can be divided into three stages,namely primary,middle and final stages by analogy with depression syndrome.The location of the initial disease is in the liver.The main syndrome was excess,while the basic pathogenesis is mainly due to liver-qi stagnation syndrome and the principle of treatment is dispersing stagnated liver qi for relieving qi stagnation by using modified Xiaoyao Powder and Chaihu Shugan Powder.In the middle stage of the disease,the location is in the spleen and stomach.The main syndrome was intermingled deficiency and excess.The principle of treatment is relaxing bowels,dissipating phlegm and eliminating dampness,regulating qi-flowing and promoting blood,invigorating spleen and heart,nourishing qi and blood.Xuefuzhuyu tang,Guipi decotion,Bailongjieyu granules can be used as treatment for this period.At the final stage of the disease,the main syndrome was deficiency,the principle of treatment is replenishing lung and heart,benefiting qi and regulating spleen,nourishing lung and kidney.Baihe formulas,Kai-Xin-San are chosed at this stage.

Based on the national patent database to explore the rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hyperlipidemia

Objective:To explore the medication law of traditional Chinese medicine compound patent for hyperlipidemia,and to provide reference for the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine new drugs for clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia.Methods:All compound TCM patents related to the treatment of hyperlipidemia were searched and extracted from the national patent database(http://epub.sipo.gov.cn)from the establishment of the database to 10st,March 2021.The data was established by the TCM Inheritance Support System(V2.5)and Microsoft Excel 2010 Softwore,and used to conduct TCM syndromes,frequency statistics,four nature and five flavors of traditional Chinese medicine,meridian attribution statistics.IBM SPSS statistics 20 software was used for drug clustering analysis,IBM SPSS modeler 18.2.2 software was used for association rules and web visualization analysis.Results:Totally 284 compound TCM patents were included,involving 577 kinds of Chinese medicine,and the most common syndrome was Yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome(74 times,accounting for 26.06%).The most ten common Chinese materiamedica was Hawthorn,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Alismaorientalis,Cassia seed,Polygonummultiflorum,Licorice,Poriacocos,chinese rhubarb,dried tangerine peel,Radix Paeoniae Alba.The top three appeared frequently in drug categories were tonifying deficiency medicine,activating blood-circulation and dissipating blood-stasis medicine,and heat-clearing medicine,respectively.The top two of its drug properties were warm and cold;the top three drug tastes were sweet,bitterness and pungent;the top two meridians were liver and spleen meridian,respectively.Seven drug groups were obtained by cluster analysis,and 16 were obtained by association rule analysis,including 5 drug pairs and 11 three drug groups.Conclusion:Through the data mining of the patent of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription for regulating and treating hyperlipidemia,it is concluded that the fundamental pathogenesis of the disease is deficiency of viscera function and obstruction of phlegm and blood stasis.The clinical methods are tonifying the liver and kidney,activating blood circulation and removing stasis,resolving phlegm and removing dampness.Traditional Chinese medicine is mostly used for tonifying deficiency,activating blood circulation,removing stasis,resolving phlegm and removing dampness.This paper provides a reference for the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine for hyperlipidemia.

Change in quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and aortic valve replacement surgery in Australian patients aged ≥ 75 years： the effects of EuroSCORE and patient operability

ObjectiveTo 决定到差别，在在 transcatheter 之间的生活(QOL ) 的通用质量，大动脉的阀门培植(TAVI ) 和病人们由 EuroSCORE 和心队操作性 assessment.MethodsA 解释了的外科的大动脉的阀门代替(AVR ) 与 EuroSCORE &#x0003e 146 个高风险的病人总计的程度；6 并且年老的 &#x02265；75 年经历了 TAVI (n = 80 ) 或大动脉的阀门代替(n = 66 ) 在 2010 年 2 月和 2013 年 7 月之间。75 个病人的一个总数也完成了外科手术前并且六项月 SF-12 QOL 措施。分析检验了事件主要病态，比较了在调整的组之间的六月 QOL 因为 EuroSCORE 和操作性，和临床上重要的 QOL 改进和 deterioration.ResultsThe AVR 的确定的率组织要求的更长的通风(&#x0003e；24 h )(TAVI 5.0% 对 AVR 20.6% ， P = 0.004 ) 并且红血房间的更多的单位[TAVI 0 (0-1 ) 对 AVR 2 (0-3 ) ， P = 0.01 ] 。新肾的失败在 TAVI 是更高的(TAVI 5.0% 对 AVR 0% ， P = 0.06 ) 。报导的 TAVI 病人显著地降低活力(P = 0.01 ) 由到 AVR 病人的比较，然而，这些调查结果在为操作性的调整以后不再是重要的。在里面两过程，临床上重要的 QOL 改进是普通的[范围25.0%(一般健康)-62.9%(物理角色)]而在 QOL 的恶化不太经常发生了[范围9.3%(物理角色)-33.3%(心理健康)]在 QOL 的 .ConclusionsClinically 重要的改进和恶化在在高风险的六个月是明显的老大动脉的阀门代替病人。一旦操作性被考虑，全面 QOL 没在 TAVI 和 AVR 之间不同。