Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accounts for approximately 90%of primary liver cancers and represents a major global health problem.The main risk factors responsible for the development of HCC are chronic viral infection...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accounts for approximately 90%of primary liver cancers and represents a major global health problem.The main risk factors responsible for the development of HCC are chronic viral infections,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and alcohol-related liver disease,with wide geographical distribution.1 HCC development and growth involve multiple factors and pathways that lead to changes in gene expression,immune interactions and changes in the tumor microenvironment.In recent years,much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor-immune system interactions and immunotherapy has been successfully applied to many tumors.Moreover,cancer-specific immune prognostic signatures have been evaluated in order to predict prognosis and response.展开更多
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accounts for approximately 90%of primary liver cancers and represents a major global health problem.The main risk factors responsible for the development of HCC are chronic viral infections,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and alcohol-related liver disease,with wide geographical distribution.1 HCC development and growth involve multiple factors and pathways that lead to changes in gene expression,immune interactions and changes in the tumor microenvironment.In recent years,much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor-immune system interactions and immunotherapy has been successfully applied to many tumors.Moreover,cancer-specific immune prognostic signatures have been evaluated in order to predict prognosis and response.
