Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Based on Bibliometric Analysis: A Case Study on Medicine-Engineering Institutional Cooperation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University

This article aims to provide reference for medicine-engineering interdisciplinary research.Targeted at the scientific literature and patent literature published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University,this article attempts to set up co-occurrence matrix of medicine-engineering institutional information which was extracted from address fields of the papers,so as to construct the medicine-engineering intersection datasets.The dataset of scientific literature was analyzed using bibliometrics and visualization methods from multiple dimensions,and the most active factors,such as trends of output,journal and subject distribution,were identified from the indicators of category normalized citation impact(CNCI),times cited,keywords,citation topics and the degree of medicineengineering interdisplinary.Research on hotspots and trends was discussed in detail.Analyses of the dataset of patent literature showed research themes and measured the degree for technology convergence of medicineengineering.

Review and expectation of integrated curriculum of basic medical sciences of Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Since early 1950 s,many domestic and foreign medical schools have carried out the integrated teaching reform of medical education. In our school of basic medical sciences,there have been three types of integrated curriculum reform carried out in history,i. e. horizontally integrated courses,problem-oriented basic medical sciences curriculum, and organ system-based integrated curriculum. This article reviews the experience of these three teaching reforms and the problems encountered and hopes to provide some references for the integration of basic medical sciences curriculum of other medical schools.

Cell metabolism pathways involved in the pathophysiological changes of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus.Elucidating the pathophysiological metabolic mechanism impels the generation of ideal therapies.However,existing limited treatments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy expose the urgent need for cell metabolism research.Given the lack of comprehensive understanding of energy metabolism changes and related signaling pathways in diabetic peripheral neuropathy,it is essential to explore energy changes and metabolic changes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy to develop suitable treatment methods.This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanism of diabetic peripheral neuropathy from the perspective of cellular metabolism and the specific interventions for different metabolic pathways to develop effective treatment methods.Various metabolic mechanisms(e.g.,polyol,hexosamine,protein kinase C pathway)are associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy,and researchers are looking for more effective treatments through these pathways.

Correlation between social support and depression in elderly stroke patients in the sequelae stage from five communities of Shanghai, China

Using a convenience sampling method, 81 aged patients who were between 6 and 24 months post-stroke were selected from five communities of Shanghai, China. The correlations between social support and depression, as well as other influential factors, were investigated. Results revealed that 46% （37/81） of the stroke patients suffered from depression. Depression was correlated with social support total scores and the two domains of subjective support and utilization. Older age, male gender, low income, absence of spouse and cerebral hemorrhage were risk factors for depression and identify more vulnerable groups.

A Future Beyond Imagination

The renewal and cultural revival of its two mother rivers has made Shanghai more beautiful,and now,it must acquire new industrial muscle as well.WHEN American historian Jeffrey Wasserstrom came to Shanghai in March 2009,a year before the World Expo 2010,he exclaimed,“Shanghai’s future is beyond imagination.”At that time,Shanghai had carried out riverbank management in some sections of the Huangpu River,one of the two mother rivers of the city,and restored its cultural functions.

p28^GANK inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death via enhancement of the endoplasmic reticulum adaptive capacity

它一致地被看了那 oncoprotein p28GANK，它是在人的 hepatocellular 癌(HCC ) 的 overexpressed，在 HCC 的 tumorigenesis 起一个关键作用。然而，内在的机制仍然保持不清楚。这里，我们证明 p28GANK 在 endoplasmic 蜂窝胃导致的 HCC 房间禁止 apoptosis (嗯) 应力。在期间嗯应力， p28GANK 提高展开的蛋白质反应，支持嗯从翻译压抑的恢复，并且从而便于房间的能力应付压力条件。而且， p28GANK upregulates 调整葡萄糖的蛋白质 78 (GRP78 ) ，一把钥匙嗯女伴蛋白质，它随后提高合拢能力的 ER 并且支持恢复从嗯应力。我们也证明 p28GANK 增加 p38 激活 mitogen 的蛋白质 kinase 和 Akt phosphorylation，并且禁止原子因素 kappa B (NF-B ) 激活在下面嗯强调 upregulation，它接着贡献 GRP78。一起拿，我们的结果显示 p28GANK 禁止嗯在 HCC 房间的导致压力的 apoptosis，至少部分地，由提高适应反应和 GRP78 表示。我们建议 p28GANK 在 ER 压力条件下面为 HCC 前进有潜在的含意。

Blood perfusion of the contralateral testis evaluated with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in rabbits with unilateral testicular torsion

The changes of blood perfusion of contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion remain controversial.In this study,28 New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups.Group A(n=8),the control group,underwent a sham operation on the unilateral testis without inducing testicular torsion.In groups B,C,and D(n=5 each),unilateral testicular torsion was induced,and,after 3,6 or 24 h,respectively,detorsion was performed.In group E(n=5),permanent unilateral testicular torsion was applied.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to observe the blood perfusion of the contralateral testis at the following stages:pre-torsion(preopration),immediately post-torsion(postopration),pre-detorsion,immediately post-detorsion,and late-stage post-detorsion(6-12 h post-detorsion in groups B-D)or at a similar time point(15-21 h post-torsion in group E).Time-intensity curves were generated,and the following parameters were derived and analyzed:arrival time,time to peak intensity,peak intensity,and half-time of the descending peak intensity.The analysis revealed that blood perfusion of the contralateral testis increased immediately after testicular torsion on the opposite side(P<0.05),which increased with prolonged testicular torsion of the other testis.This research demonstrated that contrast-enhanced ultrasound was valuable in evaluating blood perfusion of the contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion.

Nanoencapsulation of Lutein with Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose Phthalate by Supercritical Anfisolvent

Lutein was nano-encapsuled with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate(HPMCP)to maintain its bioactivity and to avoid thermal/light degradation.Supercritical antisolvent precipitation was applied to prepare lutein/HPMCP nano-capsule.The effects of several operating parameters on the yield,lutein loading,encapsulation efficiency,particle size and particle size distribution of the nanocapsule were investigated.The mean diameter of nanocapsules ranged from 163nm to 219nm under appropriate experimental conditions.The result of scanning electron microscope showed that the nanocapsules were nearly spherical.The highest yield reached 95.35% when the initial concentration of lutein was saturated.The highest lutein loading of 15.80% and encapsulation efficiency of 88.41% were obtained under the conditions of 11MPa,40℃ and CHPMCP︰Clutein=5︰l.The results may promote the application of lutein in food industry.

Differences in phenotype and gene expression of prostate stromal cells from patients of varying ages and their influence on tumour formation by prostate epithelial cells

Prostate cancer （PCa） is an age-related disease, and the stromal microenvironment plays an important role in prostatic malignant progression. However, the differences in prostate stromal cells present in young and old tissue are still obscure. We established primary cultured stromal cells from normal prostatic peripheral zone （PZ） of donors of varying ages and found that cultured stromal cells from old donors （PZ-old） were more enlarged and polygonal than those from young donors （PZ-young）. Furthermore, based on immunocytochemical and ultrastructural analysis, the components of stromal cells changed from a majority of fibroblasts to a mixture of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with increasing donor age. Using a three-dimensional in vitro culture system, we found that PZ-old stromal cells could enhance the proliferation, migration and invasion of cocultured benign BPH-1 and PC-3 cells. Using an in vivo tissue recombination system, we also found that PZ-old stromal cells are more effective than PZ-young cells in promoting tumour formation by BPH-1 cells of high passage（〉100） and PC-3 cells. To probe the possible mechanism of these effects, we performed cDNA microarray analysis and profiled 509 upregulated genes and 188 downregulated genes in PZ-old cells. Among the changed genes, we found genes coding for a subset of paracrine factors that are capable of influencing adjacent epithelial cells; these include hepatocyte growth factor （HGF）, fibroblast growth factor 5 （FGF5）, insulin-like growth factor 2 （IGF2）, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 （IGFBP4）, IGFBP5 and matrix metallopeptidase 1 （MMP1）. Changes in the expression of these genes were further confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Overall, our findings indicate that stromal cells from prostate PZ of old donors are more active than similar cells from young donors in promoting the malignant process of adjacent epithelial cells. This finding hints at a new potential strategy for the prevention of PCa.

Coexpression of MYC and BCL-2 predicts prognosis in primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

AIM:To investigate whether MYC and BCL-2 coexpression has prognostic significance in primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(PGI-DLBCL)patients,and explore its associations with patients’clinical parameters.METHODS:Fresh and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples from 60 PGI-DLBCL patients who had undergone surgery at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2005 to May 2010 were obtained,and 30 lymphoid tissue samples from reactive lymph nodes of age-and sexmatched patients represented control samples.Staging and diagnostic procedures were conducted according to the Lugano staging system.All patients had been treated with three therapeutic modalities:surgery,chemotherapy,or radiotherapy.Expression of MYC and BCL-2 were detected at both protein and m RNA levels by immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR.RESULTS:Positive expression levels of MYC and BCL-2proteins were detected in 35%and 45%of patients,respectively.MYC+/BCL-2+protein was present in30%of patients.MYC and BCL-2 protein levels were correlated with high MYC and BCL-2 m RNA expression,respectively(both P<0.05).We found that advancedstage disease(atⅡE-Ⅳ)was associated with MYC and BCL-2 coexpression levels(P<0.05).In addition,MYC+/BCL-2+patients had more difficulty in achieving complete remission than others(P<0.05).Presenceof MYC protein expression only affected overall survivaland progression-free survival(PFS)when BCL-2 proteinwas coexpressed.The adverse prognostic impact ofMYC+/BCL-2+protein on PFS remained significant(P<0.05)even after adjusting for age,Lugano stage,international prognostic index,and BCL-2 proteinexpression in a multivariable model.CONCLUSION:MYC+/BCL-2+patients have worsechemotherapy response and poorer prognosis thanpatients who only express one of the two proteins,suggesting that assessment of MYC and BCL-2 expressionby immunohistochemistry has clinical significance inpredicting clinical outcomes of PGI-DLBCL patients.

Detection of apoptosis by RT-PCR array in mefloquine-induced cochlear damage

Objective To investigate the occurrence and possible mechanisms of apoptosis in cochlear epithelium and spiral ganglion neurons after mefloquine treatment. Methods We used quantitative RT-PCR apoptosis-focused gene arrays （96-well, 84 apoptosis related genes） to assess changes of gene expression in the cochlear basilar membrane （hair cells-supporting cells） and spiral ganglion neurons of rat cochlear organotypic cultures treated with 100 IxM mefloquine for 3 h. Results Significant up-or down-regulation in gene expression was detected in 23 genes in the cochlear basilar membrane, and in 32 genes in the spiral ganglion neurons compared with time-matched controls. The responding genes could be classified as pro-or anti-apoptotic, and were mainly implicated in the Bcl-2, Caspase, Card, IAP, TNF ligand / TNF receptor, Death domain / Death effector domain, DNA damage / p53, and NF-kappa B families. Synthetic analysis suggested that these families could be revised to two major pathways mainly involved in t]he death receptor-mediated signaling pathway and apoptotic mitochondrial pathway. In addition, it was found that numerous anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl2al, Birclb, Birc3, Birc4, Bnipl, Cflar, II10, Lhx4, Mcll, Nfkbl, Prlr, Prok2, and TNF were greatly up-regulated in the cochlear tissue, which might imply the co-existence of protective response in the ceils at the early stage of mefloquine-induced damage.

Chinese family care patterns of childhood rheumatic diseases:A cluster analysis

Objectives:The purpose is to distinguish family care(FC)patterns of childhood rheumatic diseases in Chinese families and to determine the predictors of FC patterns.Methods:This secondary analysis contained two cross-section surveys with a convenient sample of totally 398 caregivers who have a child with rheumatic diseases from four pediatric hospitals.Caregivers were required to completed Family Management Measure questionnaire.Cluster analysis was used to distinguish patterns and multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to find predictors.Results:Four patterns were identified:the normal-perspective and collaborative(28.4%),the effortless and contradictory(24.6%),the chaotic and strenuous(18.3%),and the confident and concerning(28.7%).Disease category(x2=21.23,P=0.002),geographic location(x2=8.41,P=0,038),maternal educational level(x2=12.69,P=0.048)and family monthly income(x2=33.21,P<0.001)predicted different patterns.Conclusions:FC patterns were different among families.Disease-related and family-related factors were vital predictors to distinguish patterns consistent with the Family Management Style Framework.The result assisted that clinicians recognize FC patterns and predictors effectively to provide tailored advice in time.

Clinical Analysis of 45 Cases of Caesarean Scar Pregnancy

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of caesarean scar pregnancy and to investigate its treatment.Methods Clinical case records of 45 cases of caesarean scar pregnancy from June 2003 to September 2007 were reviewed. The characteristics and management of cases were analyzed.Results The women＇s average age was 32.8 ± 5.1 years. All cases had amenorrhoea, and 27 cases had vaginal bleeding from spotting to morderate. Seven cases were misdiagnosed as normal early intrauterine pregnancy or inevitable miscarriage before dilation and curettage（D ＆ C）. In case of massive bleeding, caesarean scar pregnancy was diagnosed after D ＆ C. Bleeding was controlled and uterus was conserved in 6 cases, and 1 case underwent hysterectomy because of uncontrollable bleeding. The remaining 38 cases had ultrasound scan, which indicated scar pregnancy before primary treatment, Eight cases were primarily treated with dilation and curettage, in which only 2 cases had slight bleeding in the operation and no further treatment, Nineteen cases were primarily treated with dilation and curettage after uterine artery embolization, in which 17 cases needed no further treatment and had no complications. The success rate was 89.4% （17/19）. Eleven cases were primarily treated with trichosanthin 1.2 mg intramuscular. No one encountered massive bleeding, but 7 cases of these 11 cases needed extra treatment.Conclusion Caesarean scar pregnancy must be cautious of especially in cases of inevitable miscarriage. Dilation and curettage followed uterine artery embolization can be used as the primary treatment for caesarean scar pregnancy.

Electromyographic evaluation of functional electrical stimulation to injured oculomotor nerve

Functional electrical stimulation delivered early after injury to the proximal nerve stump has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for enhancing the speed and specificity of axonal regeneration following nerve injury. In this study, the injured oculomotor nerve was stimulated functionally by an implantable electrode. Electromyographic monitoring of the motor unit potential of the inferior oblique muscle was conducted for 12 weeks in two injury groups, one with and one without electric stimulation. The results revealed that, at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after functional electric stimulation of the injured oculomotor nerve, motor unit potentials significantly increased, such that amplitude was longer and spike duration gradually shortened. These findings indicate that the injured oculomotor nerve has the potential for regeneration and repair, but this ability is not sufficient for full functional recovery to occur. Importantly, the current results indicated that recovery and regeneration of the injured oculomotor nerve can be promoted with functional electrical stimulation.

Establishment of a beagle dog model of oculomotor nerve injury

The oculomotor nerves of beagle dogs received electrical stimulation at 0.3-2.0 V. After recording compound muscle action potentials of the inferior oblique muscle, the oculomotor nerve was quickly cut off and a direct end-to-end anastomosis was then performed. As a result, the stimulating elec-trode was smoothly inserted and placed, and ideal bioelectrical signals of the interior oblique muscle were acquired. After oculomotor nerve injury, compound muscle action potentials of the inferior oblique muscle were significantly decreased in beagle dogs. These findings suggest that an animal model of oculomotor nerve injury was successfully established for electrophysiological studies.

M-C simulation of shielding effects of PE,LiH and graphite fibers under 1 MeV electrons and 20 MeV protons

Shielding effects of different materials under 1 MeV electron and 20 MeV proton beams were simulated with Geant4 code. It was found that shielding effects of polyethylene and graphite fibers are much better than aluminum. Energy depositions in the phantom shielded by the materials are calculated, with the least energy deposition by graphite fiber shielding. The results show that graphite fibers are good radiation shielding material in space programs.

JaponiconeA induces apoptosis of bortezomib-sensitive and -resistant myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting IKKβ

Objective:Multiple myeloma(MM)remains incurable with high rates of relapse.New therapeutic drugs are therefore urgently needed to improve the prognosis.JaponiconeA(JA),a natural product isolated from Inula japonica Thunb,has shown good anti-MM potential.A comprehensive study should therefore be conducted to identify both the in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of the anti-MM effects of JA.Methods:CCK8 assays and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle of MM cell lines when treated with JA.In vivo experiments were conducted using subcutaneous xenograft mouse models.We also identified possible targets and the mechanism of JA using RNA-seq and c-Map databases,and identified the specific targets of JA in bortezomib-sensitive and-resistant MM cell lines using CETSA,DARTS,and rescue experiments.Furthermore,JA and bortezomib were used separately or together to characterize their possible synergistic effects.Results:In vitro,JA inhibited proliferation,and induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in MM cell lines,and selectively killed primary CD138+MM cells.In vivo,JA also demonstrated a strong anti-tumor effect with no observable toxicity.In addition,JA showed synergetic effects in combination with bortezomib,and enhanced the anti-tumor effect of bortezomib in bortezomibresistant cells.CETSA and DARTS confirmed direct binding of JA to NF-κB inhibitor kinase beta(IKKβ),and overexpression of IKKβor knockdown of IκBαpartially rescued the apoptosis induced by JA.Conclusions:JA exhibited strong anti-tumor effects in MM.It sensitized myeloma cells to bortezomib and overcame NF-κB-induced drug resistance by inhibiting IKKβ,providing a new treatment strategy for MM patients.

The diverse and contrasting effects of using human prostate cancer cell lines to study androgen receptor roles in prostate cancer

The androgen receptor （AR） plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer （PCa）. Androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective in blocking tumor growth, but it eventually leads to the hormonerefractory state. The detailed mechanisms of the conversion from androgen dependence to androgen independence remain unclear. Several PCa cell lines were established to study the role of AR in PCa, but the results were often inconsistent or contrasting in different cell lines, or in the same cell line grown under different conditions. The cellular and molecular alteration of epithelial cells and their microenvironments are complicated, and it is difficult to use a single cell line to address this important issue and also to study the pathophysiological effects of AR. In this paper, we summarize the different effects of AR on multiple cell lines and show the disadvantages of using a single human PCa cell line to study AR effects on PCa. We also discuss the advantages of widely used epithelium-stroma co-culture systems, xenograft mouse models, and genetically engineered PCa mouse models. The combination of in vitro cell line studies and in vivo mouse models might lead to more credible results and better strategies for the study of AR roles in PCa.

Standardization of experimental animals temporal bone sections

Preparation of the temporal bone for light microscopy is an important step in histological studies of the inner ear. Due to the complexity of structures of the inner ear, it is difficult to measure or compare structures of interest without a commonly accepted standardized measure of temporal bone sections. Therefore, standardization of temporal bone sections is very important for histological assessment of sensory hair cells and peripheral ganglion neurons in the cochlear and vestibular systems. The standardized temporal bone sectioning is oriented to a plane parallel to the outer and internal auditory canals. Sections are collected from the epitympanum to the hypotympanum to reveal layers in the order of the crista ampullaris of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, macula utriculi and macula sacculi, superior vestibular ganglion neurons, macula of saccule and inferior vestibular ganglion neurons, cochlear modiolus, endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac, and finally the crista ampullaris of the posterior semicircular canal. Moreover, technical details of preparing for temporal bone sectioning including fixation, decalcification, whole temporal bone staining, embedding penetration, and embedding orientation are also discussed.

Overexpression of MyoD Attenuates Denervated Rat Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Dysfunction

Nerve injury commonly contributes to irreversible functional impairment, reconstruction of the function of muscle is big challenge. In denervated skeletal muscle, therapid expression of MyoD mRNA and protein also occurs during early postdenervation, which suggested that the function of denervation-induced MyoD may be to prevent denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the detail mechanism is not clear. Therefore, in this study, we established a stable-transfected MyoD L6 cell line. After the operation for cutting the rats’ tibial nerve, the MyoD-L6 cells were injected in the gastrocnemius, the function of the gastronemius was monitored. It was found that injected the MyoD-L6 cells could attenuate the muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Therefore, overexpression of MyoD could serve as a new therapy strategy to cure denervation-induced dysfunction of skeletal muscle.