Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been facing outbreaks of VDPV since 2017. These wild poliovirus variants are responsible for poliomyelitis, which is in the process of eradication.. In the follow...Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been facing outbreaks of VDPV since 2017. These wild poliovirus variants are responsible for poliomyelitis, which is in the process of eradication.. In the following lines, we try to show the evolution of VDPV cases across the country in order to understand their chronological dynamics and seasonal influence. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of of VDPV notified in the DRC from 2018 to 2023. Maps of the spatial dynamics of VDPV cases were produced from attack rates with QGIS® (3.22.8). As for temporal dynamics, time series were decomposed and presented in the form of graphs showing the chronological evolution of VDPV cases and their seasonal trend, using R.4.0 software package. Results: A total of 1196 Cases of VDPV types 1, 2 and 3 were recorded in the biological confirmation databases of the INRB and the Expanded Program of Immunization during the study period across25 provinces. The eastern part of the country reporting the most cases. The general trend is upwards, with a peak in 2022 of 527 cases, whereas in 2021 there was a notable drop of 31 cases. Analysis of the temporal breakdown suggests a seasonal pattern, with peaks between the months of September and December, considered being rainy periods in some provinces. Conclusion: During the 6 years of our study (2018 - 2023) almost all the Health Zones were hit by VDPV epidemics. The eastern part was the most impacted. The seasonal component is well marked suggesting a rise in detection in the rainy season and during pivotal periods of climate change.展开更多
Background: Due to successful treatment modalities, the majority of pediatric cancer patients will survive. Increased body mass index (BMI) is a complication among pediatric cancer survivors. Methods: This retrospecti...Background: Due to successful treatment modalities, the majority of pediatric cancer patients will survive. Increased body mass index (BMI) is a complication among pediatric cancer survivors. Methods: This retrospective single-center study examined BMI changes among a cohort of predominantly Hispanic patients who were treated in South Los Angeles. Data were collected at diagnosis, 1, 2 and 3 years after. Analyses included z-scores derived from calculated BMIs compared over 3 years per gender, diagnosis, and treatment modality. The unhealthy BMI z-score was defined as >1.04. Results: Thirty-four percent of the predominantly Hispanic sample had unhealthy BMI z-scores of >1.04 correlating to at or greater than the 85th percentile for age and gender. The study cohort’s BMI z-scores significantly increased from 0.15 to 1.29 at year 3 (P < 0.0001), putting 55% of this population in the unhealthy category. Median BMI z-score significantly increased to the unhealthy category at 3 years. Conclusions: Due to the predominance of Hispanic patients in this group, culturally sensitive interventions beginning at diagnosis should be considered.展开更多
Based on geographic distribution and geological setting of salt plugs in southern Iran, three salt diapiric provinces have been distinguished. These provinces include the Hormuz, Shiraz-Kazerun and Nyriz-Jahrum sub-ba...Based on geographic distribution and geological setting of salt plugs in southern Iran, three salt diapiric provinces have been distinguished. These provinces include the Hormuz, Shiraz-Kazerun and Nyriz-Jahrum sub-basins. There are more than hundred salt plugs which they have been formed and developed in the southern margin of Iran. The salt structures that originated from Hormuz formation in these areas have been restricted and separated from each other for the first time in this paper. Salt diapirism of these provinces has been triggered earlier by Halokinesis in the Zagros and Persian Gulf basins, but it has affected later by tectonic forces, because orientation, shape and position of salt plugs have been followed from convergence regime (especially in the Zagros hinterland). In the other hand, based on our results from salt plugs in Persian Gulf foreland basin and the Zagros hinterland, Halokinesis triggers has been affected more than Halotectonic forces.展开更多
Mastitis, antimicrobial resistance and acaricide resistance pose significant threats to the development of the dairy industry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resist...Mastitis, antimicrobial resistance and acaricide resistance pose significant threats to the development of the dairy industry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from CMT positive cows on farms located in high (HARA) and low (LARA) acaricide resistance challenge regions of Uganda. Among selected herds in both regions, subclinical mastitis (SCM) screening was performed using CMT. CMT positive samples were collected, cultured, bacteria isolated and antibiotic sensitivity tests conducted. Overall, the prevalence of SCM in cows was 71.5% and 27.7% for HARA and LARA respectively. A SCM herd prevalence of 66.3% and 28.2% was recorded for HARA and LARA respectively. Furthermore, 67.5% and 20.8% of the cows in the HARA and LARA groups, respectively, had three out of four udder quarters infected with SCM. Staphylococcus aureus (44.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (47.6%) were the most prevalent causative agents of SCM isolated from cows from HARA and LARA, respectively. Most isolates from both regions were highly resistant to penicillin (HARA, 84.3%;LARA, 95.6%) and colistin (HARA, 100%;LARA, 97.8%). Tetracycline (77.1%) and oxacillin (76.1%) resistance was high in isolates from HARA and LARA, respectively. Intermediate responses (neither susceptible nor resistant) to antibiotics were more common in isolates from HARA than in those from LARA. With this level of antibiotic resistance, there is a potential risk of failure to control mastitis in dairy cattle using antibiotics, especially in the HARA region, which may possibly jeopardize the growth of the dairy industry in Uganda.展开更多
The Charter bodies established under the United Nations Charter and the treaty bodies established on the basis of international human rights treaties constitute the two major means of supervising the implementation of...The Charter bodies established under the United Nations Charter and the treaty bodies established on the basis of international human rights treaties constitute the two major means of supervising the implementation of international human rights treaties.The treaty bodies responsible for monitoring the implementation of international human right treaties have gradually formed a four-fold supervision system consisting of state reporting,inter-state complaints,individual complaints and inquiry procedures.These quasi-judicial procedures are responsible for overseeing the implementation of international human right treaties.The practice of treaty body procedures has profoundly affected the development of modern international human rights law and is promoting the improvement of international human right treaty monitoring mechanisms.But due to the constraints of international politics,economic structure and related historical conditions,treaty bodies still face severe challenges.The improvement of the four major procedures will promote the development of the international human rights cause.展开更多
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF),caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),is endemic in Africa,Asia,and Europe,but CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology is only rudimentarily defined for most regions....Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF),caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),is endemic in Africa,Asia,and Europe,but CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology is only rudimentarily defined for most regions.Here we summarize what is known about CCHF in Central,Eastern,and South-eastern Asia.Searching multiple international and country-specific databases using a One Health approach,we defined disease risk and burden through identification of CCHF cases,anti-CCHFV antibody prevalence,and CCHFV isolation from vector ticks.We identified 2313 CCHF cases that occurred in 1944–2021 in the three examined regions.Central Asian countries reported the majority of cases(2,026).In Eastern Asia,China was the only country that reported CCHF cases(287).In South-eastern Asia,no cases were reported.Next,we leveraged our previously established classification scheme to assign countries to five CCHF evidence levels.Six countries(China,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan)were assigned to level 1 or level 2 based on CCHF case reports and the maturity of the countries’surveillance systems.Two countries(Mongolia and Myanmar)were assigned to level 3 due to evidence of CCHFV circulation in the absence of reported CCHF cases.Thirteen countries in Eastern and South-eastern Asia were categorized in levels 4 and 5 based on prevalence of CCHFV vector ticks.Collectively,this paper describes the past and present status of CCHF reporting to inform international and local public-health agencies to strengthen or establish CCHFV surveillance systems and address shortcomings.展开更多
Intercalation transition metal oxides (ITMO)have attracted great attention as lithium-ion battery negative electrodes due to high operation safety,high capacity and rapid ion intercalation.However,the intrinsic low el...Intercalation transition metal oxides (ITMO)have attracted great attention as lithium-ion battery negative electrodes due to high operation safety,high capacity and rapid ion intercalation.However,the intrinsic low electron conductivity plagues the lifetime and cell performance of the ITMO negative electrode.Here we design a new carbon-emcoating architecture through single CO_(2)activation treatment as demonstrated by the Nb_(2)O_(5)/C nanohybrid.Triple structure engineering of the carbon-emcoating Nb_(2)O_(5)/C nanohybrid is achieved in terms of porosity,composition,and crystallographic phase.The carbon-embedding Nb_(2)O_(5)/C nanohybrids show superior cycling and rate performance compared with the conventional carbon coating,with reversible capacity of 387 m A h g(-1)at 0.2 C and 92%of capacity retained after 500cycles at 1 C.Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS) indicates that the carbon emcoated Nb_(2)O_(5)nanohybrids present less gas evolution than commercial lithium titanate oxide during cycling.The unique carbon-emcoating technique can be universally applied to other ITMO negative electrodes to achieve high electrochemical performance.展开更多
文摘Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been facing outbreaks of VDPV since 2017. These wild poliovirus variants are responsible for poliomyelitis, which is in the process of eradication.. In the following lines, we try to show the evolution of VDPV cases across the country in order to understand their chronological dynamics and seasonal influence. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of of VDPV notified in the DRC from 2018 to 2023. Maps of the spatial dynamics of VDPV cases were produced from attack rates with QGIS® (3.22.8). As for temporal dynamics, time series were decomposed and presented in the form of graphs showing the chronological evolution of VDPV cases and their seasonal trend, using R.4.0 software package. Results: A total of 1196 Cases of VDPV types 1, 2 and 3 were recorded in the biological confirmation databases of the INRB and the Expanded Program of Immunization during the study period across25 provinces. The eastern part of the country reporting the most cases. The general trend is upwards, with a peak in 2022 of 527 cases, whereas in 2021 there was a notable drop of 31 cases. Analysis of the temporal breakdown suggests a seasonal pattern, with peaks between the months of September and December, considered being rainy periods in some provinces. Conclusion: During the 6 years of our study (2018 - 2023) almost all the Health Zones were hit by VDPV epidemics. The eastern part was the most impacted. The seasonal component is well marked suggesting a rise in detection in the rainy season and during pivotal periods of climate change.
文摘Background: Due to successful treatment modalities, the majority of pediatric cancer patients will survive. Increased body mass index (BMI) is a complication among pediatric cancer survivors. Methods: This retrospective single-center study examined BMI changes among a cohort of predominantly Hispanic patients who were treated in South Los Angeles. Data were collected at diagnosis, 1, 2 and 3 years after. Analyses included z-scores derived from calculated BMIs compared over 3 years per gender, diagnosis, and treatment modality. The unhealthy BMI z-score was defined as >1.04. Results: Thirty-four percent of the predominantly Hispanic sample had unhealthy BMI z-scores of >1.04 correlating to at or greater than the 85th percentile for age and gender. The study cohort’s BMI z-scores significantly increased from 0.15 to 1.29 at year 3 (P < 0.0001), putting 55% of this population in the unhealthy category. Median BMI z-score significantly increased to the unhealthy category at 3 years. Conclusions: Due to the predominance of Hispanic patients in this group, culturally sensitive interventions beginning at diagnosis should be considered.
文摘Based on geographic distribution and geological setting of salt plugs in southern Iran, three salt diapiric provinces have been distinguished. These provinces include the Hormuz, Shiraz-Kazerun and Nyriz-Jahrum sub-basins. There are more than hundred salt plugs which they have been formed and developed in the southern margin of Iran. The salt structures that originated from Hormuz formation in these areas have been restricted and separated from each other for the first time in this paper. Salt diapirism of these provinces has been triggered earlier by Halokinesis in the Zagros and Persian Gulf basins, but it has affected later by tectonic forces, because orientation, shape and position of salt plugs have been followed from convergence regime (especially in the Zagros hinterland). In the other hand, based on our results from salt plugs in Persian Gulf foreland basin and the Zagros hinterland, Halokinesis triggers has been affected more than Halotectonic forces.
文摘Mastitis, antimicrobial resistance and acaricide resistance pose significant threats to the development of the dairy industry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from CMT positive cows on farms located in high (HARA) and low (LARA) acaricide resistance challenge regions of Uganda. Among selected herds in both regions, subclinical mastitis (SCM) screening was performed using CMT. CMT positive samples were collected, cultured, bacteria isolated and antibiotic sensitivity tests conducted. Overall, the prevalence of SCM in cows was 71.5% and 27.7% for HARA and LARA respectively. A SCM herd prevalence of 66.3% and 28.2% was recorded for HARA and LARA respectively. Furthermore, 67.5% and 20.8% of the cows in the HARA and LARA groups, respectively, had three out of four udder quarters infected with SCM. Staphylococcus aureus (44.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (47.6%) were the most prevalent causative agents of SCM isolated from cows from HARA and LARA, respectively. Most isolates from both regions were highly resistant to penicillin (HARA, 84.3%;LARA, 95.6%) and colistin (HARA, 100%;LARA, 97.8%). Tetracycline (77.1%) and oxacillin (76.1%) resistance was high in isolates from HARA and LARA, respectively. Intermediate responses (neither susceptible nor resistant) to antibiotics were more common in isolates from HARA than in those from LARA. With this level of antibiotic resistance, there is a potential risk of failure to control mastitis in dairy cattle using antibiotics, especially in the HARA region, which may possibly jeopardize the growth of the dairy industry in Uganda.
基金funded by the 2016 Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Program(No:2016WJW005).
文摘The Charter bodies established under the United Nations Charter and the treaty bodies established on the basis of international human rights treaties constitute the two major means of supervising the implementation of international human rights treaties.The treaty bodies responsible for monitoring the implementation of international human right treaties have gradually formed a four-fold supervision system consisting of state reporting,inter-state complaints,individual complaints and inquiry procedures.These quasi-judicial procedures are responsible for overseeing the implementation of international human right treaties.The practice of treaty body procedures has profoundly affected the development of modern international human rights law and is promoting the improvement of international human right treaty monitoring mechanisms.But due to the constraints of international politics,economic structure and related historical conditions,treaty bodies still face severe challenges.The improvement of the four major procedures will promote the development of the international human rights cause.
基金supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions,LLC,prime contract with the U.S.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)under Contract No.HHSN272201800013CJ.H.K.performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services(TGS),a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions,LLC,under Contract No.HHSN272201800013C.
文摘Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF),caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),is endemic in Africa,Asia,and Europe,but CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology is only rudimentarily defined for most regions.Here we summarize what is known about CCHF in Central,Eastern,and South-eastern Asia.Searching multiple international and country-specific databases using a One Health approach,we defined disease risk and burden through identification of CCHF cases,anti-CCHFV antibody prevalence,and CCHFV isolation from vector ticks.We identified 2313 CCHF cases that occurred in 1944–2021 in the three examined regions.Central Asian countries reported the majority of cases(2,026).In Eastern Asia,China was the only country that reported CCHF cases(287).In South-eastern Asia,no cases were reported.Next,we leveraged our previously established classification scheme to assign countries to five CCHF evidence levels.Six countries(China,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan)were assigned to level 1 or level 2 based on CCHF case reports and the maturity of the countries’surveillance systems.Two countries(Mongolia and Myanmar)were assigned to level 3 due to evidence of CCHFV circulation in the absence of reported CCHF cases.Thirteen countries in Eastern and South-eastern Asia were categorized in levels 4 and 5 based on prevalence of CCHFV vector ticks.Collectively,this paper describes the past and present status of CCHF reporting to inform international and local public-health agencies to strengthen or establish CCHFV surveillance systems and address shortcomings.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0100100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702335 and 21773279)+8 种基金Zhejiang Non-profit Technology Applied Research Program(LGG19B010001)Ningbo Municipal Natural Science Foundation(2018A610084)the CAS-EU S&T Cooperation Partner Program(174433KYSB20150013)the Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials of Zhejiang Provincethe funding from Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship in EUthe Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC),including the SUPERGEN Energy Storage Hub(EP/L019469/1)Enabling Next Generation Lithium Batteries(EP/M009521/1)Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials(EP/R00661X/1,EP/S019367/1,EP/R010145/1)the Faraday Institution All-Solid-State Batteries with Li and Na Anodes(FIRG007,FIRG008)for financial support。
文摘Intercalation transition metal oxides (ITMO)have attracted great attention as lithium-ion battery negative electrodes due to high operation safety,high capacity and rapid ion intercalation.However,the intrinsic low electron conductivity plagues the lifetime and cell performance of the ITMO negative electrode.Here we design a new carbon-emcoating architecture through single CO_(2)activation treatment as demonstrated by the Nb_(2)O_(5)/C nanohybrid.Triple structure engineering of the carbon-emcoating Nb_(2)O_(5)/C nanohybrid is achieved in terms of porosity,composition,and crystallographic phase.The carbon-embedding Nb_(2)O_(5)/C nanohybrids show superior cycling and rate performance compared with the conventional carbon coating,with reversible capacity of 387 m A h g(-1)at 0.2 C and 92%of capacity retained after 500cycles at 1 C.Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS) indicates that the carbon emcoated Nb_(2)O_(5)nanohybrids present less gas evolution than commercial lithium titanate oxide during cycling.The unique carbon-emcoating technique can be universally applied to other ITMO negative electrodes to achieve high electrochemical performance.
