Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in the Cardiology Department of the Chu Point G

Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the epidemiological clinical aspects and evolutionary aspects of peri partum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in the cardiology department of the CHU Point G. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2019, including all patients admitted for heart failure during this period. Results: The study involved 40 patients out of 1187 admissions, a hospital prevalence of PPCM was 3.36%. The average age was 26 years plus or minus 7 years with extremes of 16 years and 38 years. The age group between 16 and 20 years was the most represented with 32.5% of cases. Housewives were in the majority with 87.6%;residing in rural areas 62.5%, with a low socio-economic standard of living 32.5% of cases. Multiparous in our context were dominant 42.5%, followed by pauci pares and primiparous with 32.5% and 25% frequency respectively. All our patients, 100% had their first symptom after childbirth, functional signs were dominated by dyspnea of effort present in 100% of patients, followed cough (40%) and chest pain (27.5%). On physical examination there was Tachycardia in 82.5%, Galop B3 (45%) and auscultatory arrhythmia in 5%. Signs of pulmonary condensation (82.5%) and pleural fluid effusion (25%). Hepatomegaly was present in 72.5% of patients. It was overall heart failure in 72.5% of cases. On the electrocardiogram there was sinus tachycardia (75%) and atrial fibrillation arrhythmia (5%). On cardiac Doppler ultrasound the left ventricle was dilated with a low systolic ejection fraction in 100% of patients, the four cavities were dilated in 32.5%, a left intraventricular thrombus in 7.5% of cases and a pericardial fluid effusion in 5% of cases. Biology noted anemia in 22.5% of patients. Treatment was classic for heart failure. The course was punctuated by complications in 42.5% of cases, such as thromboembolic disease (22.5%), ischemic stroke (12.5%), complete arrhythmia by atrial fibrillation (ACFA 5%) and cardiogenic shock (2.5%). Hospital mortality was 7.5% with 67% of deaths observed in the 16 - 22 age group. Conclusion: PPCM is a common sub-Saharan pathology, low socioeconomic status, young age and multiparity were factors dominant in our context.